Rafidain journal of science

The present investigation indicates the presence of thymidine phosphorylase (TPase)
(EC.2.4.2.4) and its activity in supernatant fraction of Echinococcus granulosus
protoscoleces extract, furthermore some of its kinetics properties were investigated.
It was found that deoxyuridine might be an alternative substrate for thymidine during
catalyzed reaction by enzyme TPase. The result also indicated that TPase activity was
extremely sensitive to inhibite by thymine(product reaction), cytidine, 5-flourouracil and
albendazole with inhibitory percentages of: 36%, 68%, 52% and 3% respectively.
The presence of TPase activity indicates the presence of salvage pathway for thymine
nucleotide which was essential to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in this organism,
in addition to de novo pathway.

The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical features and histological structures
as well as some histochemical aspects of the liver of three species of birds that differ in their
nutrition, habitat and classification, by using light microscope. The birds were Larus canus,
Agaporins fischeri and Numida meleagris. The results showed that the liver of the three
species of birds was a dense, large and bilobed organ, it differed in size, color, lobes shape
and presence of secondary lobes among the three species. The liver tissue of the three
species consisted of hepatocytes which were radially arranged around the central veins
interconnecting laminae of one to two cell thickness. The hepatocytes differed in size
among the three species. Lumen of sinusoids contained mainly erythrocytes, macrophages
and lining by the Kupffer cells. Histochemically, the hepatic cells in the three species of
birds were weakly positive to periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue reactions, while they were
negative to bromophenol blue reaction and they were moderately positive to Sudan black B
reaction.

A simple, precise, rapid and accurate reversed–phase high performance liquid
chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of sildenafil citrate in a pure
form, pharmaceutical formulations and industrial effluent samples. Chromatography was
carried out on supelco L7 reversed- phase column (25cm × 4.6mm), 5 microns, using a mixture
of methanol: water: triethylamine (630: 370 :2 v/v/v) and adjusted to pH 4.0 with dilute
phosphoric acid as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min-1.Uv detection was performed at
220 nm at ambient temperature (25 °C). The retention time for sildenafil citrate found to be 4.6
minutes. The calibration curve was linear (r= 0.9998) over a concentration range from 10 to 70
μg/ml. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 60 ng/ml and 180
ng/ml respectively. The method was validated for its linearity, precision and accuracy. The
proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of sildenafil citrate in tablets
and industrial effluent samples.

2-Phenyl chroman-4-one 1(a-g) were synthesized by Pechmann condensation of proper
phenol with cinnamic acid using poly phosphoric acid. Reactions of their derivatives with
thiosemicarbazide were carried out using two methods, method A, using refluxing ethanol,
gave low yield (17-20%). This method was modified to increase the yield using solvent free
microwave irradiation technique, (method B), which improved the yield up to (30-40%).
The treatment of these thiosemicabazones 2(a-g) with excess acetic anhydrid gave
substituted thiadiazoline derivatives 3(a-g). The structure of these compounds was
confirmed by IR, UV and NMR spectra in addition to their physical properties. On the other
hand, the calculated values of the heat of formation and steric energy were established for
compounds 2(a-g) and 3(a-g).

A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the
determination of teicoplanin as a pure material and in pharmaceutical formulation. The
method is based on the coupling of teicoplanin with diazotized p-nitroaniline in alkaline
medium. The dye shows an absorption maximum at 490 nm and obeys Beer's law over a
range of 2 to 80 μg.ml.-1 of teicoplanin. The molar absorptivity of the coloured azo dye is
2.8 x 104l. mol-1cm-1. The relative standard deviation does not exceed 2.7 % (n=5). The azo
dye formed is stable for 60 minutes. The method was applied successfully to the assay of
teicoplanin in pharmaceutical preparation (injection).

A simple, accurate, sensitive and reliable method for spectrophotometric
determination of Bismuth(III) is developed. The method is based on the reaction of bismuth
(III) with alizarin red S (ARS) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) in the presence of
Triton X-100 at pH 3 to form a pink, water soluble ternary complex which shows maximum
absorption at 507 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.4 x104 L.mol-1cm-1. The calibration
curve is linear in the concentration range 5– 150 μg of bismuth (III) in a final volume of
20ml (i.e. 0.25-7.5 μg ml-1) with a determination coefficient of (R2) (0.9974). The limit of
detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.0671 and 0.2235 μg.mL-1,
respectively. Under optimum conditions, the stoichiometry of the reaction between bismuth
(III), alizarin red S and cetylpyridinium chloride is found to be 1:3:6, respectively. The
recoveries are obtained in the range of 98.8- 102.1% and a relative standard deviation
(RSD) of ± 0.93 to ±3.07% depending on the concentration level. The proposed method has
been applied successfully to the determination of bismuth (III) in various samples such as,
natural waters, urine and veterinary preparation.

The research was concerned with a study of the relationship between patients with
ovarian cancer (OCa) and some biochemical parameters.
Serum samples were collected from (25) healthy females and (25) females with
ovarian cancer. The measured parameters in sera included the level of estrogen,
progesterone hormones, some trace elements (copper and zinc), as well as some
antioxidants such as glutathione, ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde (MDA).
Total protein was also measured in the present study. Compared with the healthy
females, the females ovarian cancer exhibited a significant increase in the level of estrogen
and progesterone hormones, ceruloplasmin, MDA and copper. They also exhibited a
significant decrease in the level of glutathione, total protein and zinc.

A new heterocyclic hydrazone, 2- acetylpyridine -2- furoyl hydrazone (APFH) and its
complexes with UO2(II), Th(IV), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) salts, have been prepared.
The structure of these compounds has been characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic
susceptibility, molar conductance and spectral (IR, UV, H-NMR) measurements. The
hydrazone ligand APFH behave as uninegative or neutral tridentate ligand, with ONN donor
atoms, towards the metal ions depending on the metal salt used. The magnetic and
electronic spectral data indicate octahedral, tetrahedral and pentacoordinate structures for
the divalent M(II) ions. Hexagonal bipyramidal structures have been proposed for UO2(II)
complexes, and coordination number (10) geometries have been suggested for Th(IV)
complexes. Antibacterial activity of the hydrazone ligand and some of its complexes were
studied against gram –positive bacteria: S. aureus and gram- negative bacteria: E. coil.

Compression versus pressure at room temperature has been evaluated for silver using
different equations of states (Birch-Murnghan and modified Lenard-Jones EOSs). A good
agreement with experimental data has been observed. Extrapolation of variation of bulk
modulus results with pressure has been used to evaluate spinodal pressure. The effect of
high pressure on lattice frequency and phonon frequency spectrum (pfs) has been calculated
too. A comparison of the present, pfs results show a good agreement with the results of
other theoretical published work

In this paper, the type of photonic crystals (PCs) which consists of air holes surrounded
by silica as a background with square lattice arrangement in two dimension (2D) has been
assumed. A plane wave expansion method (PWEM) is implemented to calculate the
photonic band structure of this kind of PC, then the effect of changing air filling fraction is
studied on the photonic band structure diagram,by changing the air hole radius (Ta) and
lattice constant (a). As a result, a tuning and shifting of the photonic bandgaps (PBGs) has
been obtained.

This study includes an examination of 70 bacterial swabs taken from ovary, oviduct of
femal and male testis from adult pigeons of species Collard dove (Streptopelia decaocto),
from December 2010 to June 2011. The pigeons were clinically healthy. The isolates were
12 species and 21 types of bacteria. The type Staphylococcus xylosus was highest ratio
(11.7%) and types Micrococcus luteus and Gallibacterium anatis were lowest ratio (1.8%).
Other isolates of bacteria were distributed between these two percentages. Regarding the
isolate site, the highest isolation ratio of ovarian swabs was Enterococcus durans and
Bacillus subtilis (12%), while the higher bacteria ratio isolated from the oviduct swabs are
En. avium, Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida (9%), the testicular swabs were
Staph. xylosus most isolation ratio (20%), while isolate each of species Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staph. xylosus, Staph. saprophyticus, En. faecalis and E. coli of swabs taken
in the case of ovulation from female pigeons, has also investigated some of the Virulence
factors which are possessed by these isolates such as Urease, DNase, Gelatinase and
Haemolysin, the study found that these isolates have some of these factors.

Fungal biopesticides preparations Trichoderma harzianum, T.viride individually or in
combination with the bacterial biopesticides Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bacillus subtilis
showed a significant inhibition to the mycelial growth of fungi causing damping-off and
root-rot of okra seedlings Abelmoschus esculentus L.. The maximum inhibition of the
growth of fungal colonies was recorded with a mixture of Trichoderma harzianum +
Pseudomonas fluorescens which caused complete inhibition (100%). Seed treatment with a
mixture of biopesticides proved to be superior than individual treatments in reducing the
infection of damping –off disease significantly and increasing the length of shoots and roots
and dry weight of the plant. The use of biofungicide preparations individually or in mixture
raised the levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes indicating the induction of
systemic resistance of okra plants against fungi causing damping- off and root-rot disease. A
highest enzyme activity was noticed with Trichoderma harzianum + Psedomonas
fluorescens in soil contaminated with F.solani or M. phaseolina and reached 2.823 and
0.185/min./g fresh weight respectively.

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and
Enterococcus faecium in hospitals and water environment in Mosul city. 240 specimens
were collected during the period from September to December / 2011, 120 specimens were
from water environment in addition to 120 specimens from hospitals environment (General
Hospital, Ibin-Sena Hospital and Al-Khansaa teaching Hospital). Isolation and identification
were done using a number of specific selective media for Enterococcus in addition to
biochemical and serological tests then conformational tests were done using API 20 Strep
and ID32 Strep.
The results illustrated that the genus Enterococcus was isolated at 30% of all isolates
(56.94 % was from Hospitals and 43.05% was from water environment). The isolated ratio
of E. faecalis (18.1%) was higher than E.faecium (12.5%).

The study included the isolation of bacteria causing Urinary Tract Infection in
pregnant women, and determine the level of IL-6in pregnant women with Urinary Tract
Infection, and comparing it with healthy pregnant women and healthy non-pregnant womenin Nenevah Provence. (200) urine samples from UTIs infected pregnant women, their ages
ranged between (15-47) years were collected, The results showed UTI bacterial infection in
pregnant women at a rate of (43.5%). The level of IL-6 was determined on (66) serum
samples of UTI infected women, (10) healthy pregnant and (10) samples of healthy nonpregnant
women, the results showed a decrease in the level of IL-6 in the pregnant women
having UTI and the healthy pregnant, compared with the healthy non-pregnant women.
(69.456 ± 39.132, 72.163 ± 36.417, and 127.302 ± 44.575) pg/ml for the three groups
respectively. and no variation was detected in its level during the stages of pregnancy.

The activity of alkaline and acidic ribonuclease (RNase) was measured in serum and
tissues of women with benign and malignant uterine tumors, compared to women with a
curettage as a control group. The results indicated that there is a significant increase in
alkaline and acidic RNase activity in sera and tissues of patients with uterine tumors when
compared with the control group.
The research also, includes the isolation and purification of the alkaline RNase from
the sera of normal women. It has been found that the specific activity of enzyme in
proteinous precipitate, after dialysis and gel filtration, was increased and the enzyme shows
two peaks. In addition, it has been found that the enzyme has approximate molecular weight
of (28774±1000) dalton.
The results also showed that the optimum conditions of the RNase enzyme are: (50)
μg/ml of enzyme concentration with reaction (15) minutes at (pH= 8.2) and at (37°C), while
the substrate concentration was about (0.125) mmol/L. When the Lineweaver-Burk plot was
used, the value of Michaelis-Mentens constants (Km) is (0.06 mmol). When the duration of
storage was studied, the activity of the enzyme is not affected during two months, after that
the activity was decreased gradually.

The present research study the effect of metallic coating namely aluminizing and
chromizing on the oxidation resistance of stainless steel alloy (AISI 304). The oxidation
kinetics of a single stage coating such as Aluminized and Chromized alloy have been
studied under atmospheric pressure at 1000 °C using a thermal cyclic oxidation then
compared with uncoated alloy. The results show, the two samples of coatings such as
aluminized and chromized which have a two different resistances of cyclic oxidation, two
results show of three samples stainless steel alloy AISI 304 and aluminum, chromium
coatings, the reduction in the weight after 225 (hr) is about (5.81-0.3-0.01)gm/cm2
successively. aluminized coating exhibited the greatest resistance to oxidation. The
superiority protection of aluminized coating can be due to the formation of Al2O3 and
improving scale via pegs formation.

In this research, a heat sink which is normally used to cool electronic devices,
integrated circuits and microprocessors, is used to cool a solar cell and study the effect of
this cooling method on solar cell temperature and performance. We use a halogen lamb as a
light and heat source. The results show that when solar cell temperature increases, the open
circuit voltage of solar cell decreases rapidly, but when we use the heat sink, the
temperature increases slower at the same time of duration therefore the open circuit voltage decreases slower than the first case. This means that the solar cell will work at a higher
efficiency under the same condition.