Journal Of Educational and Psychological Researches

Abstract
Our youth\'s need for effective dialogue is growing today due to the nature of the era they live in, which has become increasingly pervasive, with the risks of intellectual and cultural invasion increasing. Furthermore, the need for dialogue among members of society is reinforced to address many of the issues facing contemporary society in various political, social, economic, cultural, and religious fields. The absence or rejection of effective dialogue results in numerous negative consequences, such as social and cultural isolation, instability, stagnation, and the neglect of intellectual abilities in some and the lack thereof in others. The importance of effective dialogue stems from its being the most important foundation of social life and a necessity. It is one of the means by which individuals can express their needs, desires, inclinations, and feelings. Furthermore, effective dialogue is a means by which individuals can develop their ideas and experiences and prepare them for productive use.
This research aims to:
1. To understand the concept of effective dialogue among students at the University of Baghdad.
2. Balance in effective dialogue according to the following variables:
A. Gender (male-female)
B. Specialization (scientific-human)
C. Stage (second-fourth)
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a scale to measure (effective dialogue). After verifying its validity, reliability, and the discriminatory power of its items, it was applied to a sample of (500) male and female university students, selected using a stratified random method with equal distribution. The sample consisted of (8) colleges, distributed as four scientific colleges and four humanities colleges, for both genders (males and females), and for both stages (second and fourth) at the University of Baghdad. After statistically processing the data using the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, this research reached the following results:
1. The research sample of students at the University of Baghdad exhibits effective dialogue. 2. The research sample of students from the University of Baghdad, based on the variables (gender, specialization, and level), exhibited effective dialogue. In light of the findings of this research, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals:
Among the recommendations:
1. Updating curricula and teaching methods at the undergraduate level to design activities and experiences that encourage the development of effective dialogue among students at that level.
2. Incorporating new changes in science and technology into dialogue and educational programs.
Among the proposals:
1. Conducting studies similar to this research on different social and professional groups and at other educational levels.
2. Developing a program to develop effective dialogue among students at all educational levels (intermediate, preparatory, and university).