Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

In Robotics, especially the autonomous mobile robot, navigation is the crucial part. Path planning -as a navigation sub-field- is considered one of the most important research fields. It aims to find the shortest obstacle-free path that agrees with the dynamic constraints for the robots moving between the starting and goal points. Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (Basic RRT) is one of the widely sampling-based planners used in the field of path planning, due to its ability to plan the path within high dimensional environments efficiently. On the other hand, Basic RRT suffered from the high cost and convergence rate, besides the non-optimal path problem (i.e. long-length and oscillating). In this context, the method of Hybrid RRT-A* is an improved variant of the Basic RRT which also has a problem with the path optimality that needs to be enhanced. In this paper, we proposed a method called (MT Hybrid RRT-A * regression-based) to overcome this problem and generate the near-optimal path. The length of the path that was remarkable in the worst scenario case for the MT Hybrid RRT-A-star RB was (101 unit), whereas for the Basic RRT and Hybrid RRT-A-star was about (134 and 121) respectively. Moreover, the concept of Multithreading programming was presented to achieve further -cost and convergence rate- enhancement. In the worst scenario case, the consuming time for (1000 execution) has been reduced for about (12.5%), while the number of the lowest time cases of the Multithread version against Singlethread for (50 execution) was (44:6).

Due to the widespread use of web applications and the dramatic increase in the number of application users, most web applications contain flaws that make them vulnerable to a variety of attacks. One of the most common attacks is Cross-Site Script (XSS). In an XSS attack, the attacker exploits an XSS vulnerability in a web application and injects a malicious script into it. The majority of preventive measures are client-side, reducing the performance of the web browser. It has been suggested as a server side method in this paper. The Prevent Reflected-XSS Server (PRS) is a suggestion server that checks the domain name of a link’s Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to see if it is on the untrusted list of malicious sites. If it does not exist, Check that link to see if it contains any malicious script. If the URL is injected, the malicious URL is replaced with a sterilized URL. This method was tested using an open-source application and was successful in determining the harmful code within the URL and sterilizing it in an average of 0.33 seconds.

Dynamic searchable symmetric encryption schemes (DSSE) allows searching and updating the encrypted data without decryption. These schemes introduce new challenges that require new enhanced security properties: forward and backward privacy. The first property hides the correlation between the newly added files with the previously issued search tokens. The second property makes the deleted files hidden until presenting new search tokens. In this paper, we design a new DSSE scheme with forward and backward privacy and present a rigorous security proof for the proposed scheme. Our proof follows the standard method of real-ideal environment and handles the utilized hash functions as random oracles.

The present study which was conducted in Basrah province,during the period from October2019 to September 2020 ; revealed that two of Orthoptera pests G. gryllotalpa and G. domesticus were found infected by four species of nematodes;These parasites are : Binema ornate, Cameronia multiovata , Gryllophila skrjabini from G. gryllotalpa while the Protrellatus sp.; was isolated from G. domesticus and recorded for the first time in Iraq regarding to the genus and species .The Prevalence of these nematodes are 13% , 8.6% , 8.6% and 4.6% while the mean intensity of infection are 2.3 ,5 ,5.5 and 2.2 respectively .All these species were taxonomically described and compared with the other specimens previously recorded in Iraq.

The positive parity energy levels of the 124-138Ce isotopes were studied via the framework of the geometric collective model (GCM). The levels band structure has been investigated using the nuclear softness (NSF) and the corrected Bohr Mottelson (CBMF) formula. The energy staggering, power index, and average power law have been investigated for all isotopes. The electric quadrupole transitions probability and quadrupole moment have been calculated. The obtained results were compared with the available experimental values, and it was found that the model was able to describe the nuclear structure of these nuclei.

The present study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the Vitex agnus-castus (leaves and flowers) and Uncaria tomentosa (branches with claws) and investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In order to synthesise the silver nanoparticles, aqueous extract of the plant was prepared and introduced into a 1mM silver nitrate solution. The synthesised Ag NPs were characterised using various instrumental techniques, involved Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for AgNPs was noted at 390 nm using V. agnus-castus and U. tomentosa extracts. The synthesized AgNPs of V. agnus-castus and U. tomentosa were found with average diameter of 40.85- 49.41nm, 30.69- 54.53nm respectively. The antibacterial result (inhibition zone) against the experimental pathogens was found to be ranged between 12 to 24 mm and from 10 to 20 mm respectively. Toxicity effect of AgNPs against cancer cells was 75.46 of 50 μg/ml and 76.67 of 50 μg/ml respectively. In this research, silver nanoparticles of the plant extracts studied have antimicrobial against some bacterial strains and anticancer against breast cancer cells.

In this paper, we will discuss Bifurcation solutions of fourth order nonlinear equation using local method of Lyapunov-Schmidt. In the case when the system is non-homogenous with symmetric, it was shown that Discriminant set (bifurcation diagram) is the union of two surfaces. In the case when the system is non-homogenous with non- symmetric, geometric representation of the discriminant set (Caustic) was discovered, replete with bifurcation distributions of critical points in every region of the plane of parameters.

The rational -powers of Bernstein-Kantorovich sequence is defined and studied in this paper. In the beginning the study shows that the sequence ( ; ) is converged to the function whenever . Next, for this sequence, the moments of order and the Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula are given. Also, a numerical application for the sequence is given for the test function to explain the convergence properties and compared with the numerical results of the classical Bernstein-Kantorovich sequence . It shows that, the sequence ( ; ) has better numerical approximation properties than the sequence .

In this study,included the preparation of activated carbon from Ziziphus Spina-Christi fruit nuclei,which is locally a vailable in Iraq,the purpose of this study is search for surface that are highly applicable for drug adsorption from aqueous solution . The different variable affecting the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon prepared such as contact time, intial drug concentration in the feed solution,pH of the medium and temperature,were investigated on abatch process mode.the optimum contact time to attain equilibrium is 40 minutes.the maximum percentage removal of (88.96% ) occurred at pH (8). Both equilibrium adsorption isotherms and Kinetics were scrutinized in the adsorption research. At various temperatures, the applicability of the Langmuir and Frendlish equations was studied, with the Frendlish isotherms exhibiting the best fit with experimental data. The thermodynamic functions show that the adsorption was automatic operation (ΔGo was negative), that the negative value of (ΔHo) indicates exothermic, and that the negative value of (ΔSo) show non random. The adsorption of drug on activated carbon produced belongs to the Pseudo - second order equation Kinetics, according to the kinetic information.

This study presented a simulation of optical frequency comb (OFC) generated in semiconductor lasers (SCLs), where the OFC was obtained by using a laser of a wavelength 1.55μm and using optical injection locking technique. This study showed that OFC generated shape and repetition frequency depend on the factor of linewidth enhancement, frequency detuning and on the optical injection ratio. The study proved that the slave dynamics follows the master one. The symmetry distribution of the OFC was found as affected strongly by the optical injection ratio, detuning and the linewidth enhancement.

Panton and Valentine classified PVL as a synergy-menotropic poison virulence factor in 1932. The pvl is a synergy-homeotropic toxin that is made up of two distinct components that work together on the cellular membrane. The lukS-PV and lukF-PV mediated genes, which have been utilized in epidemiological research to diagnose and track the prevalence of Panton-Valentine, generate the toxin. Leukocytes are the main cellular targets of PVL. The PVL protein interacts with complement receptors on the membranous surfaces of these cells, causing the cells to deteriorate. The toxin stimulates neutrophils to produce proinflammatory cytokines and is a major pathogen of infections.

Currently, the number of URLs that lead to increase risks for defrauding authorized users and then the attackers try to gain illegal
access to user’s accounts over a malicious attack is increasing exponentially. The most dangerous attack that deals with the URL is
phishing. This attack tries to access authorized accounts unlawfully way. The finances services, commercial, e-banking are followed
by this type of attack because of the sensitive information they owned. In this paper, we present a secure verification scheme that has
the facility to prevent the above malicious issues. Moreover, the proposed scheme will withstand well-known cyberattacks such as
impersonation and MITM attacks. The proposed scheme also includes security features such as strict authentication, forward secrecy,
and user identity anomaly. The security analysis and the experimental results showed the strongest of the proposed scheme compared
with other related works based on the Scyther tool. Finally, our proposed scheme needs 1152 communication bits in the verification
phase.

In the last decades, living in modern large cities and unhealthy lifestyles have a negative impact on the health of people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is the most common diseases in the twenty-first century. DM is a chronic disease that has no final cure. With the rising mortality in the last years, the number of patients with diabetes worldwide will exceed 642 million in 2040. All the research on diabetes prediction in the previous years indicates that early diagnoses can decrease death rates and save human lives. In this regard, the machine learning techniques show promising results for analysis and predict diabetes mellitus at an early stage. However, the previous studies need to increase accuracy, more available medical information, balancing between performance and accuracy. This paper proposes a comparative Analysis study that can overcome the issues mentioned above and depend on classification and prediction techniques. The proposed work uses five common machine learning algorithms: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for obtaining the early predication, high accuracy, and performance compared with the related works. The experimental results indicate that SVM gets the highest accuracy (83 %) on the diabetic prediction based on the Pima Indian diabetes dataset (PIDD).

The presence of various biochemical indications leads to get the good health for human but abundance of these markers with lower or higher concentrations than normal level leads to biochemical disorders . Favism disease is one of multi-disorders take place in the red blood cells . The study results showed presence of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in very low concentrations in patients depending on sex factor , therefore highly significant decreasing (p<0.0001) was recorded in patients compared with control group . Also no significance difference was found (p>0.05) in Glutamic Pyruvic acid Transferase (GPT) but catalase (CAT) enzyme recorded a high significant lowering (p<0.0001) in favism patients compared with healthy groups . Non-enzymatic antioxidant are represented by vitamins E and A showed highly significance difference (p<0.0001) between G6PD patients and control groups .

Copy move forgery detection (CMFD) is an important challenge nowadays especially with increasing electronic dealings for documents (e.g., images, pays lists, contracts, invoices, or any other information documents) and its availability in clouds exposes it to the danger of hackers and deceivers. Thus, many methods of detection images forgeries were presented to detect the forgery in the natural scenes and a few had scanned text documents. In this paper, an approach is presented to find duplicated words in Arabic scanned text documents as part of a system to detect forgery in official documents based on Optical character recognition (OCR) and Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF). OCR was used for the purpose of segmenting the word out of the document while SURF was used to compute the feature descriptors of each segmented word for later matching which has two stages, the first stage is using the Euclidean equation for the purpose of matching features, followed by computing the ratio of the number of features corresponding to the reference word features. The two words are considered to be duplicated if the percentage increase or equal to a specific threshold (30%). The experimental results showed that the proposed approach was efficient and robust in finding duplicated words as it implemented for (image size <=90x90 pixel) the evaluation metrics were: TPR =50.54%, FPR=66.66%, ACC=25.436% , Running time=1.25 sec, And for ( image size >90x90 pixel) TPR =100%, FPR=60%, ACC=50.2% , Running time=1.87 sec. for SURF , while (image size <=90x90 pixel) TPR =95.3%, FPR=0%, ACC=97.65%, Running time=0.15 sec, and ( image size >90x90 pixel) TPR =100%, FPR=0%, ACC=100%, Running time=0.18 sec.

Cloud computing is an information technology that includes efficient servers provide storage and computing services with an efficient costs. Users still hesitate to outsource their private data to such untrusted servers due to privacy issues. Encryption is usually applied for data before being uploaded. However, such a scheme disables most data processing. Searchable encryption SE schemes are developed to allow for searching the encrypted data. Unfortunately, such schemes are commonly deal with only a single keyword queries. In this paper, we provide a new scheme that allows to search with multi-keyword queries and provide a formal security proof. Our proposed scheme incorporates two servers to hide the search pattern and access pattern. Experiments utilizing real-world data demonstrate that our proposed scheme is practically efficient, secure, and holds high accuracy.

The present study was conducted in Basrah city/Iraq on women suffering rheumatoid arthritis. The study aimed to evaluating some biochemical parameters such as liver enzymes, kidney function and lipid profiles in serum of female patients . In this study, 90 samples of blood were collected from women: 60 samples from women with rheumatoid arthritis and 30 samples from non-patient women who were considered a healthy group. The samples were obtained from Basra General Hospital. The results obtained from the functional tests of the liver indicated a significant decrease in the level of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) enzyme in the serum of patients compared to healthy group, while the Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme did not show any level of significance. While, the level of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme recorded a significant increase in patients compared to the healthy female. Moreover, the results of the kidneys functional tests showed no significant differences in the concentration of creatinine and total protein between patients and healthy female, while a significant increase in the concentration of Urea was found in the patients compared to healthy female. The lipid profiles, showed that there were no significant differences in the cholesterol concentration between patients and healthy female. However, the concentration of triglycerides increased significantly in arthritis patients compared to healthy female. The present study concluded that it appears that there are no abnormalities in liver function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, depending on the concentration of liver enzymes, while the significant increase in Urea concentration is an indicator of renal impairment in rheumatic patients. In addition, the results of the lipid profile test showed a significant increase in the concentration of triglycerides in the serum of patients, which indicates that lipid profile changes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis and can be considered as an important risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis patients.