Researcher Journal For Islamic Sciences

Custom is what people are reassured by and know, and it is realized in their hearts and they are familiar with it, based on the approval of reason, and it is not denied by people of sound taste. Jurists, ancient and modern, with their different schools of thought, have taken custom and considered it a guide upon which many rulings are based and a reference in interpreting texts and explaining what they aim at. Rulings and fatwas change with changes in custom and traditions.
Scholars divided custom into verbal and practical, and as they divided it into general and specific, and in all of these types it may be correct or corrupt.
If custom enters into worship, it is only in the means because worship is fixed and there is no room for opinion and reason in it and custom has a major role in transactions.
My research was entitled: (The Jurisprudential Effects Resulting from Custom) and consisted of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion:
The first chapter is on: The concept of custom, its authority, and issues related to it. It consists of seven demands and the second section: the jurisprudential effects resulting from custom. It consists of four demands and I ended my research with the conclusion where I summarized the results of my research.
Finally, I ask God Almighty to guide us all to serve His religion, for He is the All-Hearing, the Responsive.

Objectives: This research aims at highlighting the role of the Supreme Objectives of Sharia in promoting education of sustainable behaviour in Muslim society. Therefore, it defines mental alertness, its aspects and benefits, besides aspects and objectives of sustainable behaviour. It also clarifies the role of Islamic Education in promoting mental alertness and sustainable behaviour.
Methods: For the purpose of this research, extrapolatory, analytical and deductive method has been adopted.
Findings: The research finds that Islamic Education plays a major role in promoting mental alertness of sustainable behaviour for Muslims: right-eous individuals build righteous societies. Muslims act in compliance with belief and religious consciousness combining life interests and spiritual needs for Hereafter. This behaviour is positively reflected by perfection, in-tegrity, current and future benevolence for self and others - for Allah’s sake. Moreover, the research explains the way to activate Islamic education to promote mental alertness of sustainable behaviour by inculcating faithful-ness and fear of Allah the Almighty in all fields of life, considering reliance and trust in Allah, realizing His watchfulness secretly and openly, and call-ing for reflection, meditation and contemplating His Signs. Those acts achieve mental alertness of sustainable behaviour for Muslims seeking for-giveness, and aspiring for Paradise.
Recommendations: The researcher urges to activate Islamic Educa-tion to promote mental alertness for sustainable behaviour through collec-tive charity projects, Islamic schools and institutions, and advertising cam-paigns to inculcate and promote Islamic morals and values of sustainable behaviour. She also encourages Islamic educational initiatives on promoting mental alertness for individuals’ psychological healthcare.

The creed is the primary foundation from which faith emerges; there can be no genuine belief without a solid doctrine. The Islamic creed serves as the cornerstone of faith in Islam; without it, an individual cannot be considered a Muslim. The texts of revelation, derived from the Quran and Sunnah, delineate the features of this creed and clarify its principles for people. This creed encompasses both foundational beliefs and branches. The foundational aspects are beyond the scope of ijtihad (independent juristic reasoning) in any form; rather, they must be accepted and submitted to unconditionally. Conversely, the branches of the creed are open to contemplation and ijtihad, as they do not belong to the foundational principles. Ijtihad in subsidiary doctrinal matters has been practiced since the time of the noble companions and their followers, as well as by subsequent scholars. They engaged in ijtihad on these matters without objection since they are not classified as definitive in terms of proof and indication. The ruling on ijtihad in these areas is akin to that in jurisprudential matters. The mujtahid (the one who exercises ijtihad) is rewarded for their efforts. Scholars have acknowledged the validity of ijtihad in doctrinal branches and its outcomes, refraining from labeling dissenters as disbelievers, sinners, or innovators

The significance of this topic arises from its integration of two of the most esteemed branches of Islamic knowledge: the science of Prophetic Hadith and the science of Islamic jurisprudence. Imam Ibn Hajar Al-Haythami's (May Allah have mercy on him) "Al-Fatawa Al-Kubra Al-Fiqhiyyah" stands as a noteworthy compilation replete with jurisprudential issues supported by prophetic traditions. This work includes questions and fatwas regarding specific Hadiths, thereby creating an opportunity for examination concerning their acceptance or rejection, authenticity or weakness, and their reliance in legal reasoning. The importance of this study is further amplified by the necessity to scrutinize the Hadiths employed in fatwas and to correlate them with the opinions of both classical and contemporary Hadith scholars.

The research deals with the study of Concerning the Determination of the Time of Embryonic Formation in his mother’s womb. In terms of grading it and judging on it, studying its meaning, explaining the imagined contradiction in its meaning, and the paths of the people of knowledge, may God have mercy on them, in repelling that contradiction. The research aims to remove the apparent contradiction between the meanings of hadiths. The research adopted the method of induction, analysis and criticism in collecting hadiths and studying them. The research concluded and reached results, the most important of which are: The basis is the hadith of Ibn Masoud, may God be pleased with him, in determining the creation of the fetus after the third forty days, and its meaning is more likely than what contradicts it. It is possible to combine its significance with the significance of the hadiths that agree with it and the significance of the hadiths that apparently contradict it: by carrying what was reported about creation being in the first forty days on the beginning of creation

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the mercy to the worlds, our master Muhammad, his family, and his companions.
Imam Al-Tabari, may Allah have mercy on him, authored a remarkable exegesis titled "Jami' al-Bayan fi Ta'wil Ayat al-Qur'an," which has become one of the most comprehensive interpretive works in Islamic history. In this text, he meticulously interprets the verses of the Qur'an with a scientific approach, integrating various Islamic disciplines, including jurisprudence, principles of faith, recitations, hadith, and other sciences, making his tafsir a significant scholarly reference.
This work has attracted considerable attention from the scholars of the ummah, both ancient and modern. They have benefited from it in their own writings and have drawn from it insights that assist them in interpret-ing the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Al-Tabari's tafsir occupies a prestigious place in Islamic libraries, where numerous dissertations and scholarly theses have been composed to examine his methodology and style, as well as to study the diverse sciences contained within it.
In this context, I aspired to be among those who benefit from this rich scientific heritage. Thus, I decided to study the peculiar choices made by Imam Al-Tabari in his tafsir, which have drawn dissent from other inter-preters. I aim to present these opinions and illuminate the aspects of these choices while delineating the differing perspectives in the interpretation of Qur'anic texts.

Transformation is a feature of life, and it is necessary in the lives of individuals and groups, so Islamic law has addressed vari-ous social and political situations in its rulings and legislations, as it sets general rules and fixed values related to justice, consulta-tion, individual rights, and directing society towards goodness. In light of modern transformations, Sharia seeks in its general framework to adapt rulings to variables without deviating from the basic principles.
The research came to study social and political transfor-mations and the position of Islamic law towards them, trying to know the way of Sharia in dealing with these transformations and confronting them, based on the laws and rulings drawn by the Ho-ly Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and this opened the way more to learn about the methods and ways in which Sharia dealt with these transformations, which prompted a re-reading of Is-lamic systems and laws in light of the changes that have affected modern man socially and politically, and this is what gave the re-search its intellectual and cognitive importance, and granted it uniqueness, given that it studies Sharia and applies its rulings ac-cording to the new transformations in human life, and the research relied on the descriptive analytical method

This study aims to investigate the jurisprudential writings of Ibadi scholars from the East and West during the 5th century Hijri. The research delves into this heritage to present it to future generations, allowing them to understand and benefit from their ancestors' contributions and to preserve these works from being forgotten or lost. The study is divided into two main sections: the first focuses on the jurisprudential writings of the Ibadi from the East, and the second on those from the West. The study concludes with several findings, including the prolific nature of Ibadi writings in the 5th century Hijri, ranging from extensive works like "Al-Diya" by Al-Awtabi and "Bayan Al shareu" to concise texts such as Mukhtasar al-Khasal by Al-Hadrami, Kitab Abi Mas'alah, and "kitab Al wadhu". Most of these works are characterized by their integration of fundamental principles and their practical applications, demonstrating that jurisprudential rulings are based on a comprehensive understanding of their principles. The Ibadi present remarkable examples in their jurisprudential propositions, showing an openness to other scholars' opinions based on evidence rather than personal bias.

This study aims to compile the commentaries made by Ibn al-Furat on the opinions of grammarians in his work "Facilitating the Infallibility of Human Speech from Errors of the Tongue." These commentaries encom-pass various forms, including disagreements, corrections, agreements, cri-tiques, and analyses.
The research includes an examination of certain raised nouns found in "Facilitating the Infallibility of Human Speech."
It is divided into the following sections:
First: Ibn al-Furat's commentaries on the subject of the subject (fa'il), which includes: 1. The definition of the subject; and 2. The issue of the condition of the subject with the verbs "na‘ma" and "bi'sa."
Second: Ibn al-Furat's remarks on the substitution of the genitive case (jar and majrur) for the subject.
Third: The use of the circumstantial phrase (hal) in place of the predi-cate (khabar).

The research deals with examining the application of the reasoning of rulings according to the four imams (Imam Abu Hanafiyyah, Malik, Al-Shafi’i, and Ahmad), - may God Almighty have mercy on them -, as they measure one issue against another stipulated one, by looking at analogy, approval, interest, blocking pretexts, and custom. They strive in the matter accordingly, and all of that is based on the fact that the rulings of God Al-mighty came about reasons and interests, and they applied it in many of their issues.

This study aims to explore the grammatical aspects of Quranic read-ings mentioned in various instances in the book "Al-Shifa." The significance of this topic arises from its connection to the Book of Allah, the Almighty, and to the science of readings. This study is based on a grammatical examination of the nouns, relying on the grammatical perspectives presented by the author of the book, or those he favored over others, or which he deemed more appropriate. Through this study, I concluded that Al-Hariri successfully gathered the opinions related to the direction of readings, discussed them, and selected the most valid interpretations. Therefore, this book rightfully deserves the title "Al-Shifa in the Causes of Readings," as its author focused on clarifying the permissible grammatical forms in recitation, elucidating the reasons behind them, and explaining why he chose one form over others, supported by evidence that refutes alternative interpretations. It is worth noting that Al-Hariri's choices were clear, based on grammatical reasoning, presented in a straightforward manner without complexity, and he paid attention to simplifying the phrases he quoted from scholars

The subject of encrypted tokens with utility (Utility Token) is one of the developments that have emerged in recent years, completely similar and overlapping with cryptocurrency in its use of (Blockchain) technology to create its units called the crypto process, as well as its use in currency trad-ing operations, and what distinguishes it is the provision of multiple benefits and services through electronic platforms, and there are various models, in-cluding its function is limited to providing services, and this type of code can be adapted as a non-cash payment method such as electronic balances, and then it is The legal ruling for this type of symbol is permissible if it is not used and is not associated with prohibitions, and the second type of util-ity tokens, which with what provides services, they represent cryptocurren-cy to be used in currency trading, and this type is the overwhelming majori-ty of encrypted tokens of interest, so many of these symbols with benefits have become in the rule of cryptocurrency.

The dialogic approach greatly stretched the parameters of contemporary Arabic poetry. It let the reader really engage with artistic expressions and creative bursts that really spoke to the heart. This kind of participation results from the presence of a pure and honest poetry experience that remarkably precisely catches human suffering, hope, and grief. Beginning with a brief and detailed introduction to the poetry collection and a brief biography of the poet, Auday Al-Badrani, the present work, "Poetic Dialogue in Thirst for Memories," The study is arranged in three major components. The first part looks at the idea of poetic dialogue and lists its devices in poetry. The second part offers Thirst for Memories' applied analysis of internal discourse (monologue). Using practical examples from the same collection, the third part examines outside dialogue, that is, character dialogue. The study concluded that poetic conversation aims to revitalize the substance and framework of contemporary Arabic poetry. Alt-hough the method of conversation has long been used, contemporary writers have aimed to expand it by including a clear literary signature. Their aim is to create a fresh form of lyrical writing that might capture the attitude of time and convey the inner universe of the creative mind

The research sheds light on the political and religious aspects in the western Sudan, which is the largest part of ancient Sudan. The research was divided into two sections: the first on political life in the western Sudan, and included the kingdoms that were established during the Islamic era, the most famous of which are Ghana and Takrur. And Soso , Koko, Mali and Songhai, while the second topic was about religious doctrine and intellectu-al schools in the countries of Western Sudan, touching on the prevailing school in those countries and the most important Sufi orders and their emergence there

The roll of the aqar was mentioned in the Holy Qur’an in only five verses. In four verses, the verb was attributed to all the people of Hood, and the verb was attributed in one verse to the subject only, and the aqr indicates several meanings. The first: a wound or something similar to a wound caused by damage to something. The second: indicates stability and permanence, and barrenness: infertility, which is the sterility of the womb, which is not to become pregnant, and it also applies to every high structure, and the Qur’anic expression came by attributing barrenness, which is from the verb of some of them to all of them due to circumstances, or because it was with their consent. The Holy Qur’an attributed barrenness to the perpetrator. Only in Surat Al-Qamar, but in the rest of the surahs the verb is assigned to the whole

This study aims to illuminate the role of intonation as a phonetic and grammatical tool that significantly contributes to the differentiation of meanings within the Arabic language. Intonation is manifested through the melodic changes accompanying speech, which serve to define the type of sentence and its semantic and aesthetic meaning. The study analyzes these intonational roles from both grammatical and phonetic perspectives, ex-ploring how intonation influences the structure of sentences and their meanings, as well as delineating the differences between declarative and imperative sentences, along with its effects on expressing negation or affirmation.
The study presents practical examples from both classical and con-temporary Arabic to illustrate the vast diversity in the use of intonation across literary texts and local dialects. Intonation is treated as a central communication tool that distinguishes the Arabic language with its rich phonetic quality and its ability to convey varied meanings without the ne-cessity for overt grammatical alterations.
From a practical standpoint, the study aims to integrate phonetic and grammatical analysis for a deeper understanding of intonation. It highlights the significance of intonation not only as an element of sonic beauty but as a semantic means that enhances comprehension of both spoken and written texts, offering scientific insights that bolster the study of the Arabic lan-guage and the advancement of teaching methodologies.
Furthermore, the study reveals that intonation is not merely an inde-pendent phonetic element; rather, it is a complementary factor that influ-ences both grammatical and semantic structures, making it an effective means to improve oral communication, enhance voice recognition tech-nologies, and design modern educational programs. The study also provides practical examples for analyzing various Arabic sentences from grammati-cal and phonetic perspectives.
By examining the role of intonation in the Arabic language through grammatical and phonetic lenses, the study contributes scientifically to the understanding of the language and the development of its teaching meth-ods, while opening new horizons for comparative studies among languages

The aim of this research is to clarify the role of scholars in regulating ijtihad by text, as well as to respond to the proponents of rationalism through evidence and proofs that refute their claims of prioritizing reason over revelation. This stance contradicts the beliefs of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah and leads to the denial of divine attributes. The research employs an analytical inductive methodology to achieve its objectives, exploring the importance of regulations and gathering scholars' opinions on this subject, while relying on Quranic verses and referencing them, as well as citing Hadiths and historical accounts from their primary sources.
Scholars are considered the inheritors of the prophets. They serve as role models for society, and their influence can either lead to societal pros-perity or decline, as well as to chaos and sectarianism, distancing the com-munity from what Allah and His Messenger intended. Therefore, the open-ing of my research highlights the role of scholars who established and con-veyed religious knowledge to the people, ensuring justice, equality, and fairness among members of the Muslim community.
I defined the concept of regulation both linguistically and technically, as well as the concept of ijtihad, clarifying its importance among various sects and its impact on the Ummah. Additionally, I defined the reasons for revelation and their significance in understanding the texts. The study is doctrinal, detailing the beliefs of each of the sects mentioned in the research and their theological opinions, supported by evidence and proofs for their claims

This scientific poem includes the subject of changing one letter to another letter, which is part of the science of (translation) that is, changing the structure of words in the language of Arabic language. The letters assigned to change are the following letters: (انصت یوم جد طە زل). It is determined which letter is replaced by each other, which has its own rules. The poem presents the whole subject except for something very rare that is not important. which he identified the investigator in the margin The poem is easy and useful, the texts are clear, the weight and weight of the verses are perfect, students and teachers will benefit from this work.
In the researcher's opinion, this subject should be made a subject of study in a lecture presented to students of a stage of the Arabic language de-partment Because it solves the problem of the subject.
The researcher believes that the research of graduates of Arabic lan-guage departments in universities should be more about selling the manu-scripts of our scholars and writers So that they are not destroyed but revived and published and not just a hidden treasure