journal of kufa studies center

There were attempts to root out the authenticity of the news of the One, one of the first of which was apparent to the follower in the heritage of the Imami school was what was produced by the Sheikh of the sect, Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Tusi. His theorizing and work were the subject of research and consideration by those who were later than him among the scholars of the Imamiyyah, because of the superiority of his destiny, the abundance of his knowledge and the importance of his theories, and researchers in this field followed them, especially in their follow-up to the book "Al-Iddah" and the introduction to the book "Al-Istibsir" because of the research and rooting of the theory of the authenticity of the news of the One. However, many of them recalled the rush in Sheikh Tusi's words or his confusion, as they were between a critic and an apologist. There is no doubt that this depends on understanding what he means and determining the extent to which his work applies to the theory in order to notice what was this supposed decline, is it a swing in the theory? Or is it the origin, growth, development and maturity? Or is it something else?. Therefore, this research came to expand on the study of some of what was mentioned in a number of the books of Sheikh Al-Tusi in order to note what could be his contribution in the field of clarifying the truth of the matter by examining the impact of the single news in these books, and what is the Sheikh's reliance on the theory of the authenticity of the news of the One, or its rejection, enlightened by the works and researches that had a great and undeniable role in expanding the horizon of this matter.

The research relied on the study of the state within the Islamic knowledge system, while defining the research in its jurisprudential and religious framework, without exposing the philosophical or social system, and without taking upon itself to adopt a certain jurisprudence of the state, because of the lack of clarity of vision in it, especially in the contemporary approaches to the civil state and its organizations and its collision with the right of the infallible in the frontal jurisprudence and the right of the tyrannical ruler in Sunni jurisprudence. The caliphate and its aftermath remained within the theoretical frameworks in which Sunni jurisprudence and Imami jurisprudence were conducted.

The observer of the progress of the international and diplomatic movement clearly monitors cases of accusations of diplomatic and consular missions of spying for the benefit of their countries during the performance of their duties in the missions in which they represent their countries in their official capacity, holding their passports with diplomatic visas that prevent them from appearing before the courts in the countries to which they are sent. The diplomatic envoy needs a large amount of independence and freedom in his actions to perform his work to the fullest, and the international custom has long since settled on the delivery of a set of privileges to the diplomatic envoy that enable him to achieve his tasks and objectives for which he is sent. Between its legal status, which is drawn by international law, and the legal nature of the national security rules of the countries to which it is delegated, it needs to be researched, investigated, and investigated, and for this purpose this research was written.

The issue of recognition of international legal personality is one of the topics of great importance in the scope of public international law, especially in light of the differences in the adaptation of the legal nature of the recognition whether it has an impact on the object to which it is responded, and in our case, the international legal personality, whether it is a state or an international organization, or whether it does not have the desired effect.
The research attempts to answer the following key questions: Is recognition a unilateral act like other international unilateral acts and therefore has an effect on what is replied to it, in the sense that it acquires rights and arranges obligations at the international level or not, it cannot entail an obligation unless it is the result of a previous international agreement. What is the evidence for both theories? And why is one theory more likely to prevail over the other? What effect does this have on determining the acts that give rise to the responsibility of an international legal person? In this study, we have relied on the method of comparison between international jurisprudence and jurisprudence, relying mainly on the writings of international jurists in Iraq, Egypt and Lebanon. In addition to referring to the opinions of the competent international law institutes, and relying on the texts of international conventions and conventions when the need arises.

There have been many studies that have dealt with the Iraqi personality with research and analysis since the Iraqi sociologist Dr. Ali Al-Wardi opened this field in the early fifties of the last century.
Since then, many studies have been published in various disciplines that have devoted or referred to the subject of national personality, perhaps foremost of which are the disciplines of sociology, anthropology and psychology. While acknowledging the importance of many theories and approaches in sociology, anthropology, psychology, history, civilization and geography in shedding light on the different dimensions of the Iraqi personality, each according to its specialization, sufficing with any of them alone does not paint a clear picture of the features of this personality.

The research in the hands of the reader is one of the linguistic researches that take the Qur'an as a subject of study, in which the researchers wanted to identify the linguistic issues included in Surah Al-Qara'a according to the four levels of the language, and the research took induction as its method, that is, the research presents the blessed verse to the interpretations and sees how the commentators dealt with it, and the method of study was based on extrapolating the interpretations according to the chronology of its authors, as we take from the previous ones and then those who follow them, and the research did not neglect to take On the recent studies and university theses that dealt with some parts of Surah Al-Qara'ah.
It is no secret to the honorable reader that (sound, morphology, grammar and signification) are the pillars of linguistic studies, and the research has analyzed the contents of Surah Al-Qara'ah according to these levels, and we have seen the appropriateness of adding a rhetorical view that includes the rhetorical images contained in Surah Al-Qara'ah, and this addition was a completion of the benefit .
At the phonetic level, the research talked about some sub-headings, which are the phonetic syllables and the Qur'anic comma, while at the morphological level, the research focused on the issues that were dealt with in this aspect, including the use of the plural form, and the morphological weight of the word (Aisha) as well as the word (Hamiya), while at the grammatical level, we touched on the syntactic aspects of the word "Qar'a" and the grammatical possibilities mentioned in it, and the possibilities that follow the multiplicity of meanings, as well as the case of the word "day" and ( As for the semantic level, the research focused on some axes that are related to the signification, especially the significance of the discourse and the manifestation in the place of the pronunciation, the significance of femininity, and the significance of repetition, in addition to the significance of the words (manfoush and mawazin). The last pause was with the rhetorical view, in which we were exposed to simile, metaphor, metonymy, and friction. And after all that,

The civilizational heritage of any nation is the ammunition of the entire human civilization, and the Arabs and Muslims are proud of the huge heritage left by our ancestors and the speakers of our Arabic language, the language of the Holy Qur'an, which is a rich repository of various scientific factions, which deserves us to stand in front of it with respect, appreciation and respect for our scientists who left us this great civilizational heritage in which they wrote down various sciences in manuscripts, some of which are more than a thousand years old.

The eighth century AH witnessed great activity in the scientific and literary movement, and among the scholars and writers who emerged in it were: Shihab al-Din bin Fadlallah al-Omari (d. 749 AH), Zayn al-Din Omar bin al-Wardi (d. 749 AH), Safi al-Din al-Hilli (d. 750 AH), Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin Nabata al-Masri (d. 768 AH), and Shihab al-Din al-Halabi (d. 725 AH), whose literary output we are going to introduce and study . Shihab al-Din al-Halabi has a distinguished position among the scholars of our Arab heritage because of his great efforts in the field of serving the Arabic language and learning about its various sciences, as well as the huge and important scientific and literary heritage he left us, which is considered at the peak of the writers of the Diwans in the Mamluk era, for his eloquence, the accuracy of his thinking, the splendor of his performance, and the good coming of his letters, and he occupied a distinguished place in the history of Arabic literature, as he combined writing and poetry He was also a gourmet critic with his rhetorical opinions and critical judgments. We have found in his literature a great deal of material to reveal the nature of the life that Shihab al-Din al-Halabi lived and the characteristics of his time full of anxiety and social turmoil, so we found that this writer should study his literature, for it is one of the preciousness of literature and its arrogance that makes it worthy of research and study .
Hence the study came in a preface and three chapters, and in the preface we tried to introduce Shihab al-Din al-Halabi by extrapolating his biography, and in the first chapter we dealt with his letters and the characteristics of his writing style, and his most prominent artistic features, while the second chapter dealt with his poetry and the contents and artistic characteristics it contained, while the third chapter came in the study of his critical efforts in literature that he made in various situations and occasions, in addition to his rhetorical efforts that he excelled in His book (Hasan al-Tawassul to the industry of transmission )

The presence of some artistically distinguished Islamic figures in contemporary Arabic poetry shows us the extent to which the modern poetic text benefits from the Islamic symbol, and reflects the extent to which poets are able to understand and absorb their authentic heritage, and the contemplation of the poetry of Abdul Wahab al-Bayati sees that Islamic symbols are frequent in the body of his symbolic poems, especially Sufi figures, as there is a relationship between our contemporary poet and the great Muslim Sufis. Such as al-Hallaj, Ibn 'Arabi, Ibn al-Farid, and al-Suhrawardi.

The absence of a well-defined Islamic civilizational model, and the disparity of attempts aimed at building such a model by Islamic traditional states, movements, and institutions, and their stumbling and often failure to play this role, represents the main problem that pushes towards activating the role of research centers in the process of building the Islamic civilizational model.
Research Hypothesis:
The research is based on the hypothesis that research centers have an active role in overcoming the obstacles and problems facing the process of building the Islamic civilizational model that is capable of launching the Islamic Ummah and enhancing its civilizational role among other nations, if they are given the opportunity and have the main requirements required, because they are highly skilled neutral knowledge institutions and an authentic institutional tool for the cultural and material advancement of humanity at the present time.
Research Methodology:
The research in the subject of the study relied on the historical method, and on the descriptive and functional methods to prove its basic hypothesis and achieve its desired goals.

The current research aims to reveal the inclusion of the content of the physics textbook for the third intermediate grade of physics innovations, and the researcher followed the content analysis method, one of the methods of the descriptive method, and adopted the explicit idea as a unit of registration, and designed a special content analysis tool for that and then presented it to a group of arbitrators and specialists to meet the conditions of honesty, and it consisted in its final form of eight main issues that include (84) The number of analyzed pages reached (145) pages, and after completing the analysis and confirming its validity and consistency using Cooper's equation, in addition to using frequencies and percentages for statistical processing, it was concluded that the innovations of electrical energy reached the first rank in the physics textbook for the third intermediate grade with a percentage of (28%), then the innovations of communication reached the second rank with a percentage of (24%).
Then the innovations of thermal energy reached the third rank with a percentage of (22%), then the innovations of solar energy reached the fourth rank (10%), then the innovations of nuclear energy reached the fifth rank with a percentage of (8%), then the innovations of light energy reached the sixth rank with a percentage of (6%), then the innovations of sound energy reached the seventh rank with a percentage of (2%), or the innovations of war reached the eighth rank (the last rank) of the physics textbook for the third intermediate grade, i.e. there is no repetition of it, and thus the physics book for the third grade The average achieved (21) sub-issues from what was mentioned in the analysis tool in (7) main issues only ( 25%), while (63) sub-issues were neglected, and this percentage is weak when compared to the spoken percentage adopted by the researcher based on the opinions of the arbitrators and specialists, which is (75% ), and this indicates the weak interest of the book in physical innovations .

Many food processing factories and companies face the problems of production accumulation and the inability to market and sell all the quantities that are produced, and many researchers point out that the interest in the marketing process may outweigh the interest in the production process, because the problem of most companies lies in how to market the product and not in its production, as sales and the profits they generate in all companies are the supreme goal, the cornerstone and the first nucleus on which these companies are organized in all eras and times, not to mention our era. This is characterized by intense competition, and increasing consumers' awareness of their aspirations for products and services capable of meeting their needs and desires and suitable for their requirements, all of which has been a major motivation for all companies nowadays to search for the most important influences in increasing sales and encouraging exports, in light of the radical transformations that the world is witnessing at the political and economic levels to remove trade barriers between global markets, to become a unified market, and the consumer in it has many options that push him to compare and choose The best and the best .
From this point of view, the subject of the research came to study the possibility of providing marketing methods that can affect the consumer's purchasing decision, and the value-added method was studied and the extent of its impact on the stimulation of sales of food products.
A random sample was selected from different neighborhoods in Najaf Governorate, where the questionnaire forms were distributed to the owners of major food markets and supermarkets. 35 forms were adopted by respondents in the statistical analysis process.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: the possibility of the contribution of value-added dimensions in increasing and activating the sales of food products, and the research recommended a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which is the need for food factories to adopt value-added strategies in order to develop production and stimulate sales of its products.