journal of kufa studies center

The three civilizational sources that constitute the convictions of the Islamic cognitive mind are:
First: The religious text: (The Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet, the Sunnah of the Ahl al-Bayt, and the aphorism of the Companions and the Followers).
Second: Practice or Practical Experience: It consists of the era of the First Caliphate (40 AH), the Umayyad Era (132 AH), the Abbasid Era (656 AH), and the Ottoman Empire (1924 AD).
Third: Religious thought: It consists of interpretations of the Qur'anic text and explanations of the hadith.
It will be clear through some evidence and examples the importance and role of reality in two things: first: understanding the text. The second is the control of the fatwa and its relation to time and place.
In order to talk about reality and the importance of reading it in solving and understanding many matters and jurisprudential rulings, we make the research with the following demands:
The first topic: the concept of reality and its importance .
The second topic: Reality and the theory of the effect of time and space on Shari'a rulings .
The researcher concluded that the jurist's evocation of reality in its temporal and spatial format will give him deeper dimensions in achieving the jurisprudential position, and that the theory of time and place and the change of topics will help the jurist to go out in his search for the space of the text and its topics to the space of social reality.

Man in the pagan nations created habits to protect him from the dangers of the unseen and to explain issues and issues that are incomprehensible to human consciousness , and this man has come to the practice of shedding the blood of animals on some social occasions.
Offering offerings to the gods was one of the most important rituals in ancient religions and the era of offering offerings dates back to the beginning of the emergence of religion in the life of man, and the purpose of offering offerings to the gods was to strengthen the religious bond between the god and humans.
The offering of offerings has been going on since early times, so the gods, according to their belief, accepted with satisfaction all the offerings of furniture, animals, and ears, and passed their presentation to the gods by kings, priests, and all the common people in the ancient temples, because they believed that the use of the gods changed the course of cosmic events and changed the natural traditions.
The study reached many conclusions, including that the offerings constitute an important part of the worship of the ancient nations, and are almost the distinguishing mark of religion for them, and that the Eucharist is considered a form of pagan influence in the texts and rituals of the Christian religion, and that this pagan ritual seeped into the texts of the New Testament through its presence in those pagan nations that preceded Christianity, as well as the role of St. Paul, who introduced it from a mere practice to a text of the New Testament to take religious sanctity through its attribution to Jesus Christ (peace be upon him).

Mostafa Malekian is considered one of the most prominent figures in the understanding of religion, with regard to the relationship between religion, the new life and modernity, and the need to change and develop the form of religiosity. He is one of the prominent professors and one of the greatest theorists of religious reform in Iran, he holds a tendency of faith that does not focus on the vocabulary of faith as much as the principle of spiritual relationship, and he is also a translator of foreign languages. His name is known in these circles, as the impact of his researches, articles and books in all the Qur'anic and Islamic sciences is observed, as he was able to convey many concepts and researches that are usually the subject of the affliction of contemporary society in a scientific manner and in an interesting and understandable language. These things represent his basic characteristics in his writings and sayings, which he himself constructed and then presented to the people in an orderly and precise manner.
According to Malakian, the moral man has replaced the great cognitive questions with a single question: What should I do? He is not fed up with the difficulties and adversities imposed on him by the external reality, and he sees himself as the only one responsible for determining his own destiny, and therefore he does not insist on being an excuse to blame and blame others, while the average person tries to blame all this on others.

The vocabulary is the axis around which the syntax, the formulation of the text, and the structure of the discourse revolve, and it is not possible to study the language in its various sciences and axes in any way unless it starts with the vocabulary and the letters and sounds that go into its structure.
Hence, the discussions of this study review the features of the Arabic vocabulary, its characteristics, and its unique characteristics among other languages, in which we dealt with the efforts of ancient and modern linguists in this field and what they mentioned in their works of the characteristics of the Arabic vocabulary, sounds, conjugation, construction, and composition, while mentioning the criteria they adopted in choosing the vocabulary in accordance with the linguistic context and what the semantics that the structure seeks to clarify is required This study is unique in its axes, the topics it contained, the evidences it relied on, and the linguistic material it contained, in order to fully understand this subject from all sides.

The novel is considered one of the most prominent literary arts and has a distinguished place in contemporary Arabic literature. The novel in our present era deals with realistic topics and its centrality has become a depiction of life. One of the most important elements of the novel is the hero and heroism that has received a lot of attention in the novel and contemporary research, and its origins were taken from the intellectual structure of the writer and influenced by external factors such as time and place, and all of them were connected in determining the image of the hero, as he noted this in my novel (Men in the Sun and What is Left for You) by Ghassan Kanafani. He is one of the pioneers of the Arabic novel in Palestine.
This article came to focus on the features of the hero such as (the victim, the expatriate, the resister, etc.)And its impact on the psychology of the protagonist in these two novels through the graphs and tables of Kanafani, whose protagonists are full of realistic themes and reflect his popular commitment and dark thoughts that go back to the dominance of the tragedy of the Nakba (1948 AD), so that the reader follows through these drawings the importance of the protagonist's degree in his novels, which is a statement of the negative faces, the other the positive and resistant society, and then the scourge of changes and the harshness of reality in the social and political field in Palestine.

The research aimed to clarify the places of beauty and transform them into critical images that indicate the connection of the Andalusian poet to his Arab origins, including poets and critics, especially the poets of the commentaries, which indicates the connection of the Andalusian poet to the authentic Arab culture and his transmission of the most accurate events that took place hundreds of years ago by poets whose poetry was not flawed and who threw their poems on the taste without artifice or falsification, which led us to delve into the subject of influence and influence among poets and the extent of the mastery and proficiency of expression by the Andalusian poet In a research titled "The Impact of the Personality of the Pre-Islamic Poet in Andalusian Poetry - The Authors of the Muallaqat as a Model - A Critical Study", which was divided into an introduction and four topics, where the introduction was concerned with pointing out the importance of the poetic impact of the advanced and its impact on the poetry of the late and the impact of this on Arab criticism, especially Andalusianism, while the first topic discussed the poetic verses that dealt with the mention of the name of Imre al-Qays or a reference to him in the poetry of fifteen Andalusian poets, and the second topic dealt with the study of the poetic impact of Al-Bayd bin Rabi'a in Andalusian poetry Starting from the fourth century AH to the seventh century AH, which was shared by eleven poets who embodied Lapid's ability in the casting of poetry and its impact on their experiences, tastes and sensations, and the third topic was concerned with studying the impact of the poetry of Zuhair bin Abi Salma on Andalusian poetry and its impact was transmitted by nine poets starting from the fifth century AH to the ninth century AH, following the strength and sobriety of his poems following their approach, and the fourth topic came to deal with the impact of the personality of other poets in Andalusian poetry, which represented Antara bin Shaddad, Al-Asha, Obaid bin Al-Abras, Tarfa bin Al-Abed, and Amr bin Kulthum participated in embodying their work, and eight Andalusian poets participated in embodying their works who dealt with the most prominent characteristics of those transmitted from them with high taste and art, and the conclusion was to stand on the most important results of the research.

This research worked on the study of an intellectual personality that contributed clearly and clearly to the delineation of the features of the knowledge and scientific reality in the region of South Lebanon known historically as "Jabal Amel", namely the personality of the thinker, scientist, writer and historian Ahmed Reda Al-Amili, represented by the personality of the real scientist who is specialized and encyclopedic of knowledge with his intellectual abilities, who followed the analytical, critical and descriptive method, which monitors, describes, analyzes, compares and expresses his opinion, as this is his case in his writings and criticism. of the writings of other scholars.
Ahmed Reza's proposals were characterized by reform, which indicates a diversity in his intellectual efforts, and a deep understanding of the reality of social and political life, and means a long practice of his various aspects, and the first thing that draws attention is the multiplicity and complexity of his intellectual activities, from which we find him famous for his social, political and national positions, in addition to being a poet, linguist, historian, religious scholar, writer and prominent journalist, and from these data we find that he was distinguished by a deep understanding of the secrets of the Al-Hayat, based on this, demanded that friendship, loyalty and sincerity prevail in his society, and called for unity and standing against colonialism, and he did not limit himself to theories and intellectual proposals, but also contributed to the establishment of scientific and literary forums and political and social associations, and he was insistent on the request for reform, which was his greatest concern.
Based on the above, we find that his religious thought was characterized by a real understanding and application, so he defended the existence of the Creator and the message of his Prophet (7), in addition to his continuous call to master the teachings of the Qur'an, and to be creative with the morals of the Prophet and the Ahl al-Bayt (B), and he did not stop there, but worked to apply it on the ground, so he called for the application of his understanding and call among his people and his countrymen, and from the perspective of his understanding of history, we find him translated for those who translated from among the most prominent men of Islam, and defended Some madhhabs, and through this he called for agreement and unity among the various Islamic madhhabs.

The city of Kifl has great historical importance, as it is a city characterized by its richness in the huge amount of cultural heritage, which is rare among the cities of Iraq, as it combines two religions at the same time, bringing together Jews and Muslims in one unit, here Imam Ali (AS) founded an Islamic mosque when he passed through the area, and here also the burial of a prophet of God, the prophet Dhul Kifl, who is mentioned in the Holy Quran, as it is a city characterized by the fact that its riches include the grave of a prophet and its land was sanctified by the passage of Imam Ali (AS), it is a city Its importance to Muslims and Jews alike is incalculable .
In my research, I dealt with a brief about the importance of the area, its location and importance, then among the archaeologists, then I went to the shrine of Dhu al-Kifl and what it contains, and I started with the mausoleum room, then the prominent minaret and the decorations and muqarnas it contains, and I also mentioned the site of Dhu al-Kifl and the excavations that took place recently, in which I was supervised by the holy religious shrines, and I strengthened my research with a group of photos that I took myself during my period of supervision at the site, and other photos I took from the Department of Antiquities, including the pictures of the excavations that It has been done in the past and pictures obtained from scientific books that dealt with the same subject.

Cuneiform texts indicate that the animals used in primary tillage are characterized by being strong young animals with the ability to pull the plough vigorously for the purpose of breaking down the soil because it is still hard.
A plough is a machine used for the purpose of breaking and breaking up the soil for the purpose of preparing the land for agriculture, which is an important economic resource in ancient Iraqi society, especially during the period of the Third Dynasty of your.
There are several types of plows according to their uses during the ploughing stages, there is a special type of them for the primary ploughing of the land, and this type usually consists of two tongues of strong wood covered with bronze, and it is used to break the soil at the beginning of tillage, and another type of plows consists of one tongue of wood, and it is used after it is broken (apin), and for this type different animals are used than those used with the first type. By reading and studying the text, the researcher will reviewAges and types of animals used for tillage.

The main purpose of the present study is to reveal how it is possible to achieve financial recovery through the use of real options theory in the evaluation of investment projects, and the gas industry sector as a community was selected to conduct the study, and the sample included one of the investment projects of the Basra Gas Company, and that the main reason for choosing this sample is that there is a real trend by the Iraqi government to exploit this important source of energy, which is the associated natural gas.
In this study, a set of financial data related to the project of processing and construction of new natural gas processing units was relied on, and these data were treated statistically using a set of ready-made software, the most important of which is the statistical analysis software (Real Options SLS) for the analysis of real options, in addition to the (IBM SPSS Statistics 20) program for hypothesis testing, and the program (Microsoft Excel 2010) to complete the calculation and analysis Some quantitative aspects through mathematical tables.
The study came out with a set of important conclusions and recommendations, all of which emphasize the importance of real options theory as an important strategic approach for companies to add value when evaluating investment projects, especially projects with high financial costs, and long periods of time to complete them, as well as the study showed that there is a very large disparity in the results achieved for the evaluation of investment projects between the net present value approach and real options, and finally the study indicated that there is an impact that the theory of real options has when evaluating Investment projects in achieving a state of financial recovery.

This research aims to find out the relationship and impact between investors\' preferences in their dimensions (profitability preference, liquidity preference, safety preference) and building the optimal investment portfolio in its dimensions (return, risk) through the capture theory in its dimensions (retained earnings, bonds, stocks). The research problem was identified in a main question that is whether there is a role for investors\' preferences in building the optimal investment portfolio through the capture theory, and the research applied the random sample in the selection of (25) companies in the Iraq Securities Market. Finance. The data were analyzed using a range of financial and statistical methods and the results were extracted using SPSS v.20 and Amos v.18. The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, including that investors\' preferences affect the construction of the optimal investment portfolio, and their impact increases significantly when the intermediate variables represented by the components of the capture theory are present.

Researchers in different fields of knowledge are interested in studying the different workforce by studying the workforce, because of its importance in economic and social development, and drawing future plans, and the importance of studying the workforce comes within any human society as it is one of the important and basic elements in the economic structure and has its own significance at all levels, due to the lack of a study on this subject at the level of Muthanna Governorate, and because it has become a population problem that needs to measure this disparity and change, which prompted the researcher to choose this topic as a field of study. The size of the labor force in 1997 was 24.7%, which decreased to 24% in 2014, and the size of the rural labor force exceeded its urban counterparts in 1997 to constitute (56.2%) compared to (43.8%), while the situation changed in 2014 to make the superiority in favor of the urban workforce a problem (57.2%) compared to (42.8%).