Anbar Journal of Engineering Sciences

This research project focused on examining and (rehabilitation)
redesigning water networks in a city using the GIS-EPANET
program in hydraulic network analysis. Due to the availability of
outline data about the study area from the municipality\'s water
distribution system (WDS), this study dealt with four cases.
From a statistical calculation, the last case was best optimized,
which resulted in a high pressure and an acceptable velocity as
a result of high mean pressure (13.58) m, logical mean velocity
(0.43) m/s, and accurate standard deviations of 1.214 and 0.48
for pressure and velocity, respectively. The study found that the
network had a shortfall in pressure, estimated at 40%, due to the
lack of expansion to accommodate the growing population.
However, after conducting the analysis and identifying the
problem, it was found that all regions were receiving adequate
amounts of water. Nevertheless, the water speed in the pipelines
throughout the network was deficient, below the recommended
rate, with a minimum velocity of 0.02 m/s in the pipe (p3) but a
minimum pressure of 7.02 m at the junction (607), indicating
that the network design was ineffective. Comparing the results
obtained with the real-world situation, it was discovered that
the network has many violations and disruptions, causing water
loss and resulting in low pressure reaching the customers. While
the study found that the pressure inside the network was within
acceptable modeling limits of (7–12) m, there was a reduction in
the pressure charge due to the frequent use of water pumps
inside the houses, especially as the circulated area was pumped
further away. The error between the model and the real problem
may be attributed to water leaks and disruptions from trees,
gardens, landscaping, and livestock grazing, as well as the
absence of a counter to calculate the water discharge volume to
consumers.

Pile foundations are typically employed when top-soil layers are
unstable and incapable of bearing super-structural pressures.
Accurately modeling pile behavior is crucial for ensuring optimal
structural and serviceability performance. However, traditional
methods such as pregnancy testing, while highly accurate, are
expensive and time-consuming. Consequently, various approaches
have been developed to predict load settlement behavior, including
using artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs offer the advantage of
accurately replicating substrate behavior\'s nonlinear and intricate
relationship without requiring prior formulation.
This research aims to employ artificial neural network (ANN)
modeling techniques to simulate the load-settlement relationship of
drilled piles. The primary aims of this study are threefold: firstly, to
assess the effectiveness of the generated ANN model by comparing
its results with experimental pile load test data; secondly, to
establish a validation method for ANN models; and thirdly, to
conduct a sensitivity analysis to identify the significant input factors
that influence the model outputs. In addition, this study undertakes
a comprehensive review of prior research on using artificial neural
networks for predicting pile behavior. Evaluating efficiency
measurement indicators demonstrates exceptional performance,
particularly concerning the agreement between the predicted and
measured pile settlement. The correlation coefficient (R) and
coefficient of determination (R^2) indicate a strong correlation
between the predicted and measured values, with values of 0.965
and 0.938, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) is
0.051, indicating a small deviation between the predicted and actual
values. The mean percentage error (MPE) is 11%, and the mean
absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 21.83%.

Agricultural, industrial, and household debris can be
employed as biosorbents to extract heavy metals from water
that has been contaminated. Kitchen waste includes, among
other things, peels from promotional gates, lemons,
avocados, apples, kiwis, watermelons, and onions. Moreover,
coffee and tea grounds are considered to be household
refuse. This review illustrates the scholarly investigations
that explored the potential of various waste materials as
adsorbents for wastewater treatment. An extensive array of
experiments was conducted to determine the variables that
influence the capacity of these materials to adsorb heavy
metals. To undertake the experiments above, different
concentrations of biosorbent were introduced into the
effluent at various contact times and pH levels. The
researchers investigated the effects of varying these
parameters and found that the biosorbent's ability to adsorb
heavy metals is directly proportional to these factors. The
results and conclusion indicated that the impact of
biosorbent concentration and contact duration on the pH of
contaminated water was assessed. To encourage the
incorporation of industrial, agricultural, and household
refuse into water treatment processes rather than permitting
it to accumulate as an environmental hazard.

Matrix converters (MCs) have attracted significant interest
and found extensive applications across multiple industries
owing to their desirable characteristics. These include the
capability to produce sinusoidal currents at both input and
output, substantial size reduction, and enhanced reliability by
minimizing significant passive components. This paper
explores the potential of MC technology as a viable alternative
to conventional AC-DC-AC converters in industrial
applications. It discusses recent advancements in MC
structural configurations, modulation/control algorithms, and
multiphase structures and control systems. The paper offers
an in-depth review of modern industrial uses of MC
technology. It also delves into different methods for managing
induction motors, particularly the DTC (Direct Torque
Control) approach. The study explores the intricacies of DTC
and its relationship with SVM. The primary research objective
is to examine the performance of an IM when operated with an
SVPWM inverter, focusing on harmonic analysis of voltages
and currents. Various PWM methods regulate the voltage and
frequency supplied to the IM. Sinusoidal Pulse Width
Modulation (SPWM) and SVPWM are the two most commonly
used 3-phase Voltage Source Inverter strategies. The growing
adoption of SVPWM is driven by its ability to reduce harmonic
content in voltage and enhance the fundamental output
voltage of the IM. Consequently, this study models a DTC-SVM
theory-driven IM using MATLAB/SIMULINK to control the
speed of induction motors. The following values were
calculated for the system: Quality factor=2.236, Damping
ratio=4.45, and the cut-off frequency (fc=355.88H).

Since FGM orthotropic structures have such striking
qualities as high strength, exceptional stiffness, stiffnessto-weight ratio, reduced cost, and high strength-to-weight
ratio, they are employed extensively in the mechanical,
aerospace, and civil engineering sectors. Thick plates and
shells have more noticeable shear deformation effects.
Therefore, in recent years, there has been a lot of interest
in the vibration and buckling investigation of FGMs
orthotropic plates and shells. Moreover, researchers have
developed a variety of approaches and procedures for the
examination of orthotropic FGM plates and shells. The
majority of the literature review in this publication is
focused on orthotropic FGMs plate and shell buckling and
linear and nonlinear free vibration. In engineering
practices, it is customary to use material-oriented or
orthotropic materials in several domains to optimize the
structures and maximize material properties, which is
especially crucial for FG constructions. Solutions for the
orthotropic FGM structure are studied analytically and
numerically with different plate and shell theories.

The universal motor, versatile and capable of running on
both AC and DC sources, is utilized in various household
appliances and power tools. This paper presents a
featured methodology for analyzing a universal motor
(UM) that does not have design data by extracting it via
reverse engineering. These gained data were used to
model the motor by Maxwell program and analyzing it by
finite element method (FEM). Adopting the Maxwell
program's drawing capability to design the squareshaped stator of a universal motor not part of the
program library will also enable the Maxwell program to
be widely used and unrestricted to use with particular
motor designs. After modeling and solving the motor
model, the performance characteristics of UM when
operated with alternating current (AC) and direct current
(DC) power supplies were investigated. The UM
simulation results were compared with test results with
good agreement. The success of a proposed methodology
paved the way for the analysis of any electric motor
included in the Maxwell program, even if this motor does
not have design data.

The scientific paper examined the possibility of developing an
advanced healthcare management system in Iraq through the
use of Cisco Packet Tracer software. The article stated that the
aforementioned software has the potential to speed up
network management operations and reduce expenses
incurred in maintenance and repair activities. In addition, the
article explained several challenges that may arise during the
implementation of the smart hospital management system,
including providing the required technical expertise,
infrastructure provisions, and procedural measures necessary
to protect the confidentiality of patient and employee
information. The study confirmed that implementing an
intelligent hospital management system in Iraq has the
potential to improve healthcare quality, mitigate medical
errors, enhance employee communication, and reduce
disturbances within the hospital setting. Furthermore, this
intervention is expected to enhance the efficiency of resource
and inventory management and increase patients' experience
and satisfaction with healthcare services. The article concludes
that achieving the desired results in implementing a smart
hospital management system using Cisco Packet Tracer
software depends on the collaborative contributions of
employees, managers, and technical professionals. This
initiative is expected to enhance the hospital's ability to
provide medical services of exceptional quality and effectively
meet the diverse needs of patients.