Journal of Al Imam Al-Adham University College

This study explores the issue of kissing the hand of the Prophet Muhammad )peace
be upon him( through an analytical examination of the most significant hadiths reported
on the matter, amid differing scholarly opinions between those who permit it
and those who prohibit it. The research required a critical analysis of the chains of
transmission and the meanings of these hadiths using reliable hadith sources.
The study is divided into four main sections: kissing the hand out of love, kissing it
as a gesture of respect or gratitude, kissing the hands of those who pledged allegiance
to the Prophet )peace be upon him(, and kissing the hands of the Companions and the
Followers.
The research concludes that kissing the hand is permissible when done out of reverence
and respect for scholars and people of religion, but is discouraged when done for
worldly gain. It also confirms that the Followers kissed the hands of the Companions
as an act of seeking blessing, especially those who had shaken hands with the Prophet
)peace be upon him(.
The study recommends addressing contemporary fatwas that reject such practices
without evidence, by issuing well-founded scholarly responses from recognized fatwa
institutions.
Keywords: Kissing, Hand, Worldly Gains, Permissible.

The science of various hadiths is one of the disciplines of the prophetic tradition,
focusing on the study of hadiths that appear to contradict each other. Its aim is to
resolve this apparent contradiction through methods of reconciliation, abrogation, or
preference. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) established this science by
directing his companions in case of confusion, and scholars continued to write on it,
such as Al-Shafi’i in “The Differences of Hadith” and Ibn Qutaybah in “Interpretation
of Various Hadiths.” This science is connected to other disciplines such as the peculiarities
of hadith, reasons for their transmission, and abrogating and abrogated texts.
The research applies to two hadiths: the first prohibits exaggeration in praise
(Hadith of Abu Bakrah), while the second praises conditional praise (Hadith of Abu
Dharr). Analyzing the texts reveals that the contradiction is apparent, as the prohibition
applies to excessive praise that leads to fitna (sedition), while sincere praise is
accepted if it does not evoke admiration. This research highlights the role of scholars
in preserving the Sunnah by reconciling texts and purifying the Sharia from contradictions.

This research, entitled “The Traits of the Obstinate in Surah Al-An’am – An Analytical
Interpretive Study,” aims to uncover the characteristics of the obstinate individuals
as portrayed in Surah Al-An’am. The study concludes that the Surah highlights
six primary traits of such individuals.
Three of these traits are behavioral and intellectual, namely:
· Turning away from the evidences of truth.
· Denial without verification.
· Mocking the truth.
The other three traits are related to psychological and self-interested motives behind
their obstinacy, namely:
· Pursuit of worldly gains.
· Attempting to divert the course of truth.
· Setting conditions that contradict what is correct.
Obstinacy is a behavior present in humans since ancient times. It has both positive
and negative forms, but in this context, it is considered a negative trait, one associated
with disbelievers. The obstinate are those who recognize and understand the truth but
reject it out of arrogance.

This research addresses the definition of thought both linguistically and terminologically,
and its status in Islam through Qur’anic verses that glorify reason and encourage
reflection on cosmic signs. This reflection leads to genuine belief based on sound
logical arguments and evidence. The role of thought is crucial in guiding human behavior,
as every action must stem from what is rooted in thought. The research also
highlights the prophetic method of building sound thought based on correct foundations,
prioritizing it in the call to faith. Its ultimate aim is to lead people from darkness
to light, from the darkness of pre-Islamic thought to Islamic thought. Furthermore, the
research discusses the role of sound thought in confronting contemporary challenges
that threaten Islam, as well as the process of cultivating sound thought in future generations
and the role of educational and knowledge institutions in this endeavor.

The interpretation of Imam al-Tabari (Jami’ al-Bayan ‘an Ta’wil Ayat al-Qur’an)
is one of the most important and greatest interpretations; it deals with explaining the
sayings and preferring some of them over others, parsing and deduction, so it is superior
to the interpretations of the ancients. I have seen that Imam al-Tabari mentions in
his interpretation phrases, whether sayings, preferences, deductions or interpretations
of some Quranic words by some scholars, and he says about them that they are not
from the speech of the Arabs. He may be one of the supporters of these sayings, or he
may be a refutator of them and clarifying the correct ones among them. These phrases
were varied, in clarifying the origin of the word, Arabic or foreign, such as (al-Rahman,
and al-Yasa’), and linguistic, such as preferring the accusative or the nominative
in the Almighty’s saying (nakdhib, and nakun(It is mentioned in the Holy Quran in
Surat Al-An’am, and such as the source being derived from a form other than the verb
in His saying (with good acceptance), as the readings and the guidance of the readers
had a share of that, such as the reading (Gabriel) with the opening of the jim and the
breaking of the ra’ without a hamza, or with the opening of the ra’, the jim and the
hamza fully, or other than that, so the title of my research was (The expressions that
Imam Al-Tabari said in his interpretation are not from the speech of the Arabs - a
comparative study).

Ila (oath of abstention) refers to a husband swearing by God to abstain from sexual
relations with his wife for a period of four months or more, whether the oath is immediate
or conditional. If the husband uses this oath as a means to harm his wife by
depriving her of her right to intimacy, it is undoubtedly forbidden and not accepted by
Sharia or moral standards, as it may cause harm that may or may not be realized. If
realized, ila is prohibited due to the harm it causes. Therefore, God concludes the ruling
on returning to the wife with His mercy and forgiveness when the servant returns
to Him, as the reward corresponds to the action. When the servant turns back to Him
seeking forgiveness and mercy, if harm does not occur, it is permissible as it serves
the comfort of the husband or the preservation of the child.

This study aimed to identify the role of international conflicts on political stability
and economic growth in Jordan, during the period (2008-2025). This study relied on
approaches: the analytical-systematic approach, the descriptive-analytical approach,
and the historical approach.
The study concluded that international conflicts lead to the spread of extremist
ideologies, which increases polarization and internal divisions in Jordanian society
and threatens its cohesion. International conflicts have led to a massive influx of
refugees, placing significant pressure on economic and social resources and infrastructure,
threatening its stability. International conflicts have affected many vital
sectors, such as tourism, leading to a decline in revenues and a decline in economic
growth. International conflicts have led to deteriorating economic conditions and
rising unemployment rates, increasing pressure on families and pushing them further
into poverty.
The study recommends the development and implementation of effective plans to
manage the flow of refugees and protect their basic right s, enhance security and intelligence
capabilities to confront the threat of terrorism and extremism, and implement
economic reforms to promote economic growth and create job opportunities.

Praise be to God, who created man and granted him the ability to express himself.
May blessings and peace be upon the Prophet, upon whom the Holy Qur’an was revealed
in clear Arabic, as a miracle and guidance for all of humanity.
To proceed:
This research examines the jurisprudential framework for the ruling on exploiting
one’s position of influence to achieve personal gain, relying on Islamic texts and the
opinions of jurists. It concludes that this is religiously prohibited, as it constitutes a
betrayal of trust and an assault on the public interest, and is considered a criminal
form of bribery. We have chosen this topic as the title of our research, entitled: (The
Ruling on Exploiting Positional Influence to Achieve Personal Gains: A Comparative
Jurisprudential Study). Following this summary, the research is divided into three
sections and a conclusion, according to the following plan: Section One: Definition
of the exploitation of positional influence and its contemporary forms. Section Two:
Jurisprudential foundations for the ruling on exploiting positional influence. Section
Three: Shari’a controls and contemporary applications. The conclusion includes the
most prominent findings of this modest research.

This Research Explores The Prophetic Approach to Managing Political Situations
By Analytically Studying The Key Principles and Methods Employed By The Prophet
in Handling Political Affairs During The Meccan and Medinan Pe- صلى الله عليه وسلم Muhammad
riods. It Highlights the Prophet’s wisdom in addressing political challenges, forming
alliances, concluding treaties, dealing with enemies, and organizing the internal and
external relations of the emerging Islamic state.
The study adopts an inductive and analytical methodology based on the noble Prophetic
biography (Sīrah), aiming to uncover the ethical and pragmatic foundations
of this approach. The findings reveal that the Prophetic method was characterized
by a balance between religious constants and political flexibility, as well as strategic
foresight and gradualism in decision-making—demonstrating profound leadership and
statecraft.
The research recommends further study of the Prophetic model as a unique example
of sound political leadership and calls for its principles to be considered in building
just and contemporary political systems based on wisdom, consultation (shūrā), and
the pursuit of public interest.

This research aims to clarify the relationship between the teacher and the student,
which should be positive and based on love. Human souls are naturally inclined to
connect with, be influenced by, and receive from those they love. This is a fundamental
principle confirmed by experience. Through the noble prophetic tradition, we will
explore some models from the life of the greatest teacher, our Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him), which illustrate the importance of fostering love in the educational
and scientific process to yield its fruits and benefits.
A kind demeanor and a pleasant face are the first things a teacher should present
to the student, greeting them with peace, speaking kindly, smiling, and using gentle
expressions. This approach allows the student to receive the teacher’s messages without
barriers. Furthermore, the scope of concern for the student should extend beyond
merely delivering information; it should include understanding their circumstances,
experiences, and challenges. This comprehensive attention enables the teacher to support,
guide, and console the student, embodying the exemplary model set by our
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

This research aims to explore important jurisprudential issues derived from the
hadiths of the Mother of the Believers, Sawdah bint Zam’ah (may Allah be pleased
with her), and her jurisprudential preferences on three matters. She favored the Shafi’i
school of thought, which states that all animals can be purified through tanning, except
for dogs and pigs. Additionally, she supported the majority opinion that it is permissible
to perform Hajj on behalf of others, but only for the deceased or those unable to
perform it due to chronic illness. She also endorsed the majority view that a woman
experiencing irregular menstrual bleeding (mustahadah) is required to perform a single
purification wash. She is regarded as one of the significant and prominent figures
in Islamic history, playing an important role in the life of the Prophet Muhammad and
the early Muslims.

The topic of numbers in the Holy Quran is broad, encompassing the study of the
types of numbers, their uses, and their various significances. This subject aims to understand
how numbers are employed in the Quranic text to highlight specific meanings
and implications, and how they relate to the different contexts in which they appear.
The research addresses some aspects related to the concept of numbers in the Quranic
text by referring to the interpretation books that discuss the meanings of the verses
and the significance of the numbers mentioned in them. It also considers the linguistic
and rhetorical aspects of the term. Some numbers explicitly refer to a specific quantity,
whether indicating a specific duration or clarifying the number of times, such as
in legal rulings, or denoting stages in the creation of God’s creatures. Additionally,
some terms may be metaphorical, indicating abundance or dominance rather than the
number itself.

This research addresses the methodology of hadith scholars in citing Quranic verses
to establish their critical principles in the science of hadith, such as the conditions of
justice and the verification of reports, as well as the various types of hadith sciences.
It aims to demonstrate the consistency of these citations with the Quranic text in its
linguistic and legislative context, the diversity of interpretations provided by scholars,
and the discrepancies between the verses and the practical application of these citations.
The study also presents the most significant objections raised by scholars and discusses
them according to the standards of hadith criticism. Citing Quranic verses
serves to support the principles and highlights the extent to which the critical rules
of hadith are connected to the Quranic text, thereby enhancing their validity and objectivity.
This contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between the
Quran and the Sunnah, and how the righteous predecessors derived legal rulings from
the Book and the Sunnah.

This research aims to clarify the dispute surrounding oaths based on their form,
which often causes confusion among jurists regarding their validity and implications.
Oaths represent a strong commitment by the swearer to act or refrain from action, and
their legitimacy is established by the Qur’an, Sunnah, and consensus. Oaths have various
classifications based on different considerations, and their validity is contingent
upon three conditions: the swearer, the object of the oath, and the form of the oath
itself.

This research aims to uncover the issue of exposing advice and its negative effects
on social media, addressing it from a thoughtful da’wah perspective. Exposing advice
through social media is considered an unacceptable practice, as it involves publicly
criticizing individuals in front of the masses instead of gently advising them in private.
Despite good intentions at times, this approach often deviates from the proper
etiquette of legitimate advice. The research includes an introduction, three main sections,
and a conclusion:
Section one: Definition of Advice and Exposure, Their significance in Islam and
the difference between them.
Section two: . Causes and Effects, The negative impact of exposing advice on
social media.
And finally section three: Addressing the issue of exposing advice.
The conclusion presents the key findings.

This research explores Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al-Shaarawi’s views on
prophethood, using Surah Al-Kahf as a model. It highlights the definitions of prophet
and messenger, clarifies the differences between them, and examines the obligation
of believing in prophets and messengers. The study also discusses the characteristics
of prophethood and the attributes of prophets according to Ahl al-Sunnah and the
Mu‘tazilah, comparing these perspectives with Al-Shaarawi’s interpretation. The researcher
adopted a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting and analyzing exegetical
texts to reveal their theological implications. The study concludes that Al-Shaarawi
aligns with Ahl al-Sunnah in most doctrinal issues concerning prophethood, such
as distinguishing between prophet and messenger, affirming the necessity of faith in
them, and upholding their infallibility from major sins after prophethood, while acknowledging
minor errors due to forgetfulness. Furthermore, the research highlights
the role of prophets in guiding humanity, renewing faith, and the educational and spiritual
dimensions of Al-Shaarawi’s commentary on Surah Al-Kahf.

The topic of administrative divisions holds special significance, as it is one of the
fundamental pillars for highlighting the historical development of the city of Diyala.
It reflects the perspective and philosophy of the political system that underpinned it
and its impact on the relationship between local populations and Ottoman authorities.
The Ottomans established an administrative division for the Iraqi provinces and their
affiliated regions known as the “Mekat” system and later the provinces, dividing Iraq
into four provinces: Baghdad, Mosul, Basra, and Sharazor. This system emerged
from administrative reforms known as the Ottoman Reform Movement, which began
in the mid-19th century and was led by the reformist governor, Midhat Pasha (1869-
1872), in the Iraqi provinces, including Baghdad and its surrounding areas. The Diyala
region experienced significant events and changes in various aspects, particularly
in administration, which did not meet the needs of its inhabitants for security, peace,
and stability. The area consisted of scattered towns without any administrative link or
central administrative units. Additionally, Diyala was directly connected to the province
of Baghdad for several reasons, primarily its geographical location, which linked
Baghdad province to the eastern borders with the Safavids.