Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

The governorate of Salah al-Din is one of the governorates that suffer from water erosion due to its poor natural vegetation cover, as well as the high coefficient of dehydration significantly, and was monitored at the rate of erosion despite the lack of annual precipitation and seasonal, and the reason is the weak protection of the soil surface, which needs to The quality of the soil is good drainage and this is what is lacking in the area, which owns 34% gypsum gravel soil, 35% saline soil, 14% reclamation soil and a vegetative cover that does not contribute to soil stabilization due to its lack in most areas of study %38 Just .
Soil erosion is one of the main factors leading to soil degradation due to surface water, from rain splash to runoff to main drainage channels. The effect of erosion occurs through changing the matrix of soil layers, food and salinity Moisture and air and thus affect the validity of various uses, whether agricultural or pastoral or forest reserves.
(Soil type, gradient, vegetation type, rainfall characteristics, soil management) and thus determine the nature of the surface tissue and its response to erosion through the effect on the permeability and porosity characteristics of the surface of the soil. Sand or salts increased with the surface of the surface to erosion and the higher the proportion of silt decreased, because of the ability of silt and the ground to stabilize the soil.
The objective of the research was to design a digital model for water erosion based on a model suitable for the nature of the studied area. The Gavrilovik model was selected to estimate and study the risk of water erosion. This model was applied using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems. Per year at the cell level.
As a result of the above, the Gavrilovoc Model (EPM) and its Potential Method Erosion model have been used. This model is ideally suited to RUSLE models for its wide range and topography while the Russell model is used to cover erosion in agricultural areas, From 15% in contrast to the model of the study, which was used successfully in the areas of severe impregnation, in addition to the adoption of many variables, including soil and rocks and the element of climate is represented by heat and rain.

The study was conducted in Salah al-Din Governorate and aims to identify the effect of teaching thinking on the achievement of the first grade students. The sample consisted of (50) randomly selected students from Al-Zuhur Girls School in Tikrit (25) for the experimental group and 25 for the control group. Experimental approach based on quasi experimental design.
The research tool consisted of a questionnaire of teachers and teachers of geography, the most important thinking skills that fit the geography education of the first grade students in the middle, the test of collection, and the test of thinking. Data were analyzed using the T test for the associated groups and the unaffiliated groups. The results were found to have statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, as well as the differences between the mean The students' grades for the experimental group in the tribal and remote applications. Through the ETA box, the magnitude of the impact and to a large extent of the independent variable showed the teaching of thinking through the geographic approach to the dependent variable. The scores of the achievement test. The results of the research were the effectiveness of teaching thinking through the geographical approach to raise the level