Journal Dawat

The epistemological structure of this research consists of examining the concepts of «truth» and «justice,» taking into account the cognitive entanglement and semantic relationship between them, revealing their interdependence. It strives to present another vision of these intertwining and interdependence, making the Qur›anic sphere and the personality of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) a field for observing their boundaries and philosophical requirements, as well as their cognitive, doctrinal, ethical, and value-based extensions. However, the purpose of this study and its other vision is not to examine these two terms in isolation from their realization in the personality of the Imam; rather to examine them as a manifestation of the Imam›s embodiment of the Qur›anic truth, as they represent the specific, Alawite formulation of the concepts of truth and justice. In order to achieve the maximum possible understanding of these two concepts and their Alawi embodiments, and then analyze them, the research works to frame the two concepts within a foundational context based on three conceptual determinants: truth, justice, and the foundations of freedom. The epistemological domain to which these concepts belong is the social domain in general and the Qur›anic domain in particular. This means that in order to achieve a greater degree of consistency in these concepts and their treatment, the research must focus on interpreting the two concepts, as they are organized within the Qur›anic framework and its epistemological and philosophical generalities, on the one hand, and within the Alawi framework, on the other.
The importance of this research lies in its attempt to monitor the relationship between the two concepts and the related ones, especially that of «guidance,» from two perspectives: the Qur›anic and the narrative. Through these perspectives, it strives to avoid viewing the Qur›anic concepts in isolation from their connection to one another, and in isolation from their instances.
On the other hand, this attempt gains its importance in terms of its concern with making Quranic terminology an analytical tool that moves linguistic material from the threshold of linguistic normativity to the level of epistemological conceptualization, which re-understands the personalities of the Imams, peace be upon them, in general, and the personality of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in particular, within what is called in contemporary studies: the art of understanding.
The research, influenced by these methodological determinants and the resulting treatments, reached the following conclusions: «Truth» is an essential foundation of «justice.» By extending from the Quranic space and reflecting the personality of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), they constitute a major necessity in sustaining the construction of societal reality. By branding the Imam (peace be upon him) with them and revolving around his personality, they reveal the Imam›s ability to clarify Quranic concepts, imbuing them with a new spiritual order and facilitating contemplative reading of the Quran to acquire further Quranic knowledge. Keywords: Justice, Ali, the supremacy of truth, Alawite freedom, truth, and justice

Many linguistic phenomena are unique to our Arabic language , which enable us to understand the language correctly, without ambiguity or confusion. They also provide guidance on the methods used by ancient scholars in their analysis and study of the language. Among these phenomena is the phenomenon of «Allegation,» a term commonly found in linguistics books. The aim of this research is to examine the issues in which the word «Allegation» appears in Al-Zajjaj›s (d. 310 AH) book. It also attempts to clarify his perspective on them, how he employed this term, and what he meant by it whether it is a false opinion, a correct opinion, or a unique opinion.
Keywords: Allegation, Al-Zajjaj, Morphology, Synax.

This research aims to shed light on Bandar ibn Abd al-Hamid, one of the most prominent early Arabic scholars and narrators. It collects and studies his linguistic views, which Ibn al-Sikkit quotes from him in his book Al-Alfaz, and examines them. It explores his preferences, comparing them with the statements of previous and later linguists. Furthermore, it reveals scholars› interest in his linguistic views and their attention to them, given their linguistic value.
Keywords: Bandar ibn Abd al-Hamid, The Book of Words, Ibn al-Sikkit, Linguistic opinions, Narrations.

The lexical research is one of the rich areas in semantics, since the dictionaries contain all semantic linguistic levels, including the morphological level. In this research, I made a brief study of the morphological context and the effect of justifying the poetic evidence in the dictionary of al-Abab al-Zakher and Al-Labab al-Fakhir by Hassan ibn Muhammad al-Saghani (1650 AH). The discussion in my sentence of the morphological topics in which Al-Musnaf relied on the poetic evidence to show the effect of the morphological signification in the meanings of the meanings, and the research on the meanings of the derivatives and sources in this dictionary. I discussed a number of morphological topics which categorization relied on the poetic evidence to show the effect of the morphological signification in the semantic meanings. I also explored the meanings of the derivatives and sources in this lexicon.
Keywords: morphological context, morphological semantics, Al-Abab dictionary, poetic evidence

This research includes a study and investigation of a manuscript entitled (Explanation of the Basmala) by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Majid ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the author. This manuscript is a treatise explaining the Basmala in which the author examines numerous topics, most notably:
The controversy surrounding the Basmalah is whether it is a verse in every surah or not. The discussion also includes an explanation of the meaning of the letter ba› (ب) in the basmala, its parsing. It also investigates the benefit of deleting the object of the ba›, placing the name before the Divine Name, and the reason for the kasra (indicating the genitive case) of the ba› in «Bism» (the name), an explanation of the meaning of the name, an explanation of the meaning of the names of God Almighty: «Allah» and «the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,» the meaning of mercy in relation to God Almighty, the virtues of the basmala, and other topics.
The research is divided into two parts, preceded by an introduction:
The first: A study of everything related to the author and the work.
The second: An explanation of the research methodology and a description of the manuscript, including images of it, followed by the verified text. I then concluded the research with a brief conclusion on the findings, accompanied by a list of resources

This research presents an analytical study of the political dimensions within each sentence or phrase of the two Imams, Imam al-Sajjad and Imam al-Kadhim, peace be upon them. The aim is to demonstrate the comprehensiveness of each of their statements. Their discourse cannot be one-sided or one-sided, but rather revolves around many spheres, the most important of which are political dimensions and the extent of their ability to establish socio-political foundations for society, in addition to their lofty religious status. The study consists of an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter presents the enemy›s positions and plots. The second chapter demonstrates weakness and the inability to achieve victory without God Almighty. The third one discusses the ways in which God Almighty bestows victory on His servant while the fourth discusses the servant›s acknowledgment of God›s favor for His victory. Finally, the fifth chapter discusses the manifestations of the enemy›s defeat. This was followed by a conclusion that included the most important findings, a list of sources and references used in this research, and God is the Grantor of success.
Keywords: Imam Sajjad, Imam al-Kadhim, politics, religion, dimensions, analysis, intention, victory, seeking help from God, strength...

This research is a lexicon that includes the common words of Irrigation in the Al-Ufrat Al-Awsat Iraqi colloquial dialect among the farmers. When you study each word according to the alphabetical order, it shows the meanings and the name that it refers to, and then shows its relation to the Standard Arabic.

The contribution of the Prophet’s Hadith on the development of Arabic criticism is considered of significant importance, as the multiplicity of readings reveals the reader’s subjectivity in reading the text. Since the Prophet’s hadith is a sacred text, constituting a cultural heritage, we find that the multiplicity of readings is closely linked to it. The Prophetic Hadith has a high level of maturity in addition to the distinctive characteristics that surround it; it also is full of sublimity, elevation, beauty and glory, hence, so it has had a wide variety of readings. The contribution made by the Prophetic Hadith revealed the critics’ reception of those Prophetic Hadiths, revealing the creative level that qualifies the critic to read. The text is a new reading based on connotations other than those indicated by the apparent meaning of the hadith or the extent of its contribution in attracting the attention of critics to some poetic verses through the Prophet’s (may God bless him and grant him peace) comments on them. It was a strong prelude to its popularity, multiplicity of readings, multiplicity of interpretations, and multiplicity of viewpoints on it.
Keywords : Hadith of the Noble Prophet, Multiple readings, the reader, critic

This research attempts to develop a foundational approach to Husayni literature, rooting its epistemological foundations in their various historical, documentary, and critical orientations. This is complemented by a scientific foundation that attempts to reshape and scientifically formulate it as a literature possessing a greater value unseen in other forms of literature: its humanity. Nevertheless, this step is not a naive goal, merely a matter of correcting concepts. Rather, we must acknowledge its importance, both historically and doctrinally. Al-Husayni literature, with its vast body, insists on defining its characteristics, foundations, and concepts as a universal, humane literature that transcends the narrow confines of time and place. This literature possesses unique characteristics rarely found in other world literatures, including:
1. It is not limited to the Arabic language, having been written in many languages, giving it a universal character.
2. It is a literature spanning over fourteen centuries.
3. It is a literature that transcends the boundaries of a single belief or religion.
4. It is a literature that encompasses a wealth of human experiences, making it a documentary treasury of diverse cultures and civilizations, a unique feature rarely found in other literatures.
5. It is a literature that encompasses a significant number of genres and types.
The project aims to establish, collect, and compile Husayni literature on many levels, including: documentary, critical, theoretical, academic, and media.
Keywords: Literature, Imam, Hussein, Foundation.

The poetics of intertextuality are distinguished by the inspiring qualities of the text, capable of plumbing the depths of the text and penetrating its layers. Anyone who is sensitive to this phenomenon will realize the intertextual richness within it, which deserves to be stopped at through research, study, and analysis. Although some academic studies have hinted at this phenomenon, they do not dispense with a specialized approach to it in Al-Kumait›s poetry. This study is an attempt to monitor the features of this new experience and present an intertextual vision stemming from an examination of the form and tracing its stages of development. We also examine the content, examining the formation of his poetic language and the extent to which it expresses social, intellectual, and ideological concepts. The study will also explore and interrogate al-Kumait›s poetry by revealing its intersections with inherited texts. We will seek to connect these relationships to the overall text and its relationship with its intertextuality, the focus of the study. We will rely on intertextuality itself—which constitutes the references for this study—not merely as a procedural approach, but as a productive practice manifested in the text. By productivity, we do not mean the exclusion of the text›s creative self, but rather the reproduction of the poetic text, as the self that creates and embodies it.
Keywords: al-Kumait, intertextuality, Quranic intertextuality, poetic intertextuality, historical intertextuality.

This study is a descriptive-analytical investigation of the poet Said bin Mohammed Al-Ghashri. The aim of the study was to develop a biographical description of the poet›s personal, social, political and literary environment to reach conclusions about how those aspects have shaped his literary production in an implementation of the hypothesis that «the poet is a son of his environment».
The researcher addressed aspects of the poet›s environment in relation to his works through analysis of the available and circulated references, namely and majorly his poetry collection. The analyses approached the most dominant peculiarity of his poetry in which he excelled, and the artistic features that characterized his poetry and what made his poetry elevate and sublime.
One major challenge encountered in the investigation was reaching conclusion about the poet›s birth and death, as there were no reliable resources with systematic indexes. The researcher extrapolated the collection with its poetic and prose texts and employed dictionaries to interpret its language register and vocabulary selections.
The main findings include that the poetic production convoyed the two most important Omani military eras, namely the era of the end of the Ya›rubi ruling state and the beginning of the Al-Busaid state, which sparked his poetic talent and made him distinguished among his peers in terms of ingenuity with which he began his poems, its poetic purposes, the length of his poems, the sophistication of his literary language, his inner music, and his stable conclusions, frequently by prayers for Prophet Mohammed.

This research attempts to trace the shift that characterized Sayyid Mustafa Jamal al-Din›s (1927-1996) stance on the free verse movement, particularly the one that emerged in Iraq at the end of the first half of the twentieth century.
Sayyid Jamal al-Din is one of the poets who preserved the traditional style of poetic performance despite his aspiration for innovation and freedom from some of the constraints of social and literary life.
Sayyid Jamal al-Din elaborated his views in a comprehensive manner in the introduction he wrote to his collection in the later years of his life. This indicates that these views had reached a degree of maturity and clarity, and that they were the poet›s own, which he adopted and defended. This introduction, therefore, is lengthy, reaching 100 pages.

The study analyzed and explained the artistic images contained in the poem «Wills of Light» by the poet Muhammad Ismail Suwailem. This poem won first place in the third edition of the Kitara Prize for the Poet who praises Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). The Prize was established in its third edition, dedicated to praising and glorifying him. It is an annual award granted by the foundation to the author of the best poem in honor of the Greatest Prophet. The research is concerned with clarifying the the artistic images in the poem. Because it is in praise of the Great Messenger (may God bless him and his family), it is teeming with artistic images. I did not divide this study into parts; rather sought to analyze it with a rhetorical analysis that clarifies the beauty of the rhetorical images contained in it, from metaphors of both types, similes, metaphorical images, and metonymic images.
Keywords: artistic image, simile, metaphor, metonymy

In researching the novel «The Seventeenth of Ramadan», we relied on a set of artistic elements through which we clarified how the meaning is recreated by the novelist whose material was inspired by history and reproduced in a way that suits the artistic work - the novel - with the addition of my intentions through the references and data that are hidden in the language of the text, and implying events and technical elements.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the manifestations of textual thresholds and their relationship to the texts of Najaf and Kufa narratives, most notably the cover image, the genre of urban literary texts, the titles of these narratives, and the introductions to the narratives that the narrators borrowed from other texts.
The methodology used in this study is a descriptive approach based on analyzing the phenomena studied, utilizing semiotic techniques derived from semiotics or (Semantics).
The research questions are: What is the concept of thresholds, what are their types? What is their relationship to semiotics?
As for the structure of the research, the researcher divided it into an introduction, followed by a preface in which I established the concepts of the research title and presented a very brief overview of the narrators› lives. This is followed by four chapters, each addressing a specific element of the selected thresholds.
Keywords: Textual thresholds, semiotics, urban narratives, Najaf al-Ashraf

This study deals with the features of the presence of women in the novel « Street Olives « by the author Ibrahim Nasrallah Ali according to the novel techniques that the author intended in drawing the structure of the work, starting from the nature of these techniques, and their importance in presenting the narration of the novel. It also discusses the origins of the novel on the Western and Arabic levels, its essence, and monitoring the most important stages that affected the development of the novel, and the most significant signs of those who influenced it, to stand up for its creation. It also explore the characters’ structure as well as the construction of place and time, in order to discover the structural nature of the novel, through the patience of this construction, which is based on the event. The reader will be introduced to the pillars that move the threads of the story through the characteristic of retrieving, i.e. moving the event to the past, in the beginning, in an attempt to connect the cause and effect, through the form of induction, and the connection of these events to the present tense, after the reader is introduced to a brief summary of the novel, which is based on the understanding of the most important stages of the studied action, arriving at other techniques such as description through several levels, and narrative perspective, and narration and this serves us in the role of the reader. This, in turn, serves the reader to analyze the concepts in which the character of the woman is used, and the scope of the use of this presence, and the importance of their interest in the event, which she may be a reason behind. Al this can be expressed via the rich linguistic features used by the writer regarding the character of the woman, contributing to the enrichment of the symbolic aspect of the narrative, and its relationship with the event on which the novel is based. Ultimately, the study explores presence of the female element in the novel, through the connection of this presence with the general or partial event, in addition to the result of this is the artistic aesthetics, related to the content of the novel, and the technical tools used in the writing. At the end of the research, one of the most important conclusions arrived at is that women are the honorable resistance, but they are fertile and well-educated. They have the right to live with dignity. The shape of the woman is central, mainly, important in Street Olives novel.
Key words: The woman, Street Olives novel, Ibrahim Nasrallah, Al-Sard.

This research, entitled «The Determination of the Quranic Meaning in the Structures of the Noble Verses,» examines an important phenomenon related to the position chosen by Quranic expression to elevate a linguistic term from a neutral zone to a zone of influence that transcends the literary, reaching the highest levels of influence and emotion, i.e. «miracle,» which scholars have addressed both ancient and modern times.
However, what this research can offer is an interpretation of the non-grammatical sources of attribution in the Quranic text, shedding light on the Quranic vocabulary to convey a meaning that other attribution sources cannot convey or even come close to. This research examines the statements of commentators and linguists, collecting and classifying them in tables of statements, then comparing them and separating the research opinion in a separate paragraph. It avoids rhetorical interpretations that often explain the text within a space that does not exceed the limits of impression and admiration, hoping to transform the linguistic research path into a scientific one, and that research in the linguistic field is scientific research in a form that is purely impression-based.

Divine revelation, represented by the Holy Scriptures, is the trust bestowed upon the prophets, and through it, they were favored. Thus, God Almighty made man His vicegerent on Earth and empowered him on it, due to his intellect. Since the divine messages ended with the Holy Qur›an, it contained the most sublime methods of argumentative eloquence. Its argumentative style, with its opponents, incorporated dialectical arguments, rational proofs, and logical reasoning, using rhetorical styles appropriate to different levels and varying classes, such that we sense that each class is the subject of the discourse. Poets and linguists argued using the linguistic arts they mastered. The People of the Book argued using what they found written in their books. Philosophers argued by demonstrating the truths of faith using rational dialectical arguments and binding logical syllogisms. They argued with fortune-tellers and soothsayers using information from the unseen that they were unaware of. Their arguments persist to this day, renewed daily. The miraculous scientific verses within them have demonstrated that modern scientific discoveries strengthen the Quran›s foundation of miraculous nature and argument.
Based on the above, this research addresses one of the rhetorical mechanisms in the Holy Quran: the argumentative style. This is because the Holy Quran is an argumentative discourse primarily aimed at influencing the recipient, changing their behavior, guiding minds, and winning hearts, it employs many argumentative mechanisms to achieve these goals. This research therefore endeavors to study the nature of argumentation in the Holy Quran, while also revealing the mechanisms employed by the Quran for persuasion. Accordingly, the research discusses «Argumentation in the Story of Nimrod.» First, it examines the concept of argumentation in language and terminology, the text of the verse and its context. Second, it studies its mechanisms at the level of wording and structure, as well as the argumentative ladder and its linguistic means. Following this, we conclude with a list of sources and references. Success comes from God.
Keywords: The Holy Quran, argumentation, the story of Nimrod, argumentative mechanisms