Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

In Arabic, vocalization, also known as tashkil and diacritization, refers to signs that represent the vowels and
some other phonetic and phonemic entities, which are placed above, below, or within the letters. As stated in literature,
Arabic sentences can be read and written without diacritics, but their intended syntactic and semantic structures may
not be easily understood. This is because diacritics can change the form, function and meaning of sentence elements.
This in turn leads to changing the type of sentence and its significance. Thus, diacritics are important as they play a
great role in identifying the intended syntactic and semantic structures of Arabic sentences. However, in case of
translation, the absence of vocalization or diacritization causes problems in determining the sentence form, type of
pronouns used in the sentence, as well as its meaning. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the effect of vocalization
or diacritics on providing the appropriate translation for Arabic sentences. In this concern, a descriptive analytic method
was used to analyze the data of study. The study sample consisted of (6) Arabic sentences of different structures (diacritic
and non-diacritic) distributed to (5) subjects to translate them into English. Hence, pre- and post-tests were applied
to compare the effect of vocalization on the translation. In pre-test, the sentences were not vocalized; whereas in
post-test, they were vocalized. The results revealed the significant role played by vocalization on determining the intended
syntactic and semantic structures and then providing the appropriate translation for these structures.

The research aims to: identify the impact of the plan strategy on the achievement
of first grade intermediate students in science.
In order to verify the aim of the research, the researcher formulated the following
null hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences in the achievement of
science subject between the mean scores of the first intermediate grade students of
the experimental group that study according to the Plan strategy, and the average
scores of the students of the control group that study according to the traditional
method at the level of significance (0.05).
The (PLAN) strategy is one of the meta-knowledge strategies as it enables
students to possess the appropriate tools to deal with the educational situation, and
it has a prominent role in developing their mental skills. Including them in different life
situations .
The experimental approach was adopted because it is the appropriate approach
for the research procedures and contexts, so the researcher used the experimental
design with partial control (for two groups) experimental and control; As the research
community consisted of all students of the first intermediate grade (boys) present
within the schools of the Dujail district of the Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din
for the academic year (2022-2023), it was chosen (Arab Youth High School), as the
experimental groups concluded with (26) students for each group equally after excluding
Number of students due to absence and statistical procedures .
The two groups were rewarded with different variables, and after applying the
achievement test with multiple answers, the results showed that there is a statistically
significant difference between the experimental and control groups at the level of
significance (0.05) in favor of the experimental group. In light of that, the researcher
reached the following:
1. The PLAN strategy had a significant impact on the achievement of first grade
intermediate students in science.
2. The PLAN strategy helped in the emergence of desirable behaviors among
students, including observation and attention during the lesson, and students'
interest in lessons actively and effectively.
3. The PLAN strategy is an evaluation tool, as it identifies the students' weaknesses
and works to address them. On the other hand, it identifies the students' strengths
and how to enhance them.
The research concluded by mentioning a number of recommendations and
proposals necessary to complete the requirements of the study.