Journal Of Al-Imam University Collage

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
Islamic scholarship has long relied on the principle of isnād (chain of transmission) as a core mechanism in preserving and transmitting religious texts. As the Islamic world expanded, the isnād system became integral to the structure of narrating reports, prompting scholars to develop ‘Ilm al-Jarḥ and al-Taʿdīl—the science of narrator evaluation—to ensure the authenticity of transmissions. This field centers on assessing narrators’ integrity and precision as a means of safeguarding the reliability of reports.
This study investigates the impact of selectivity in the methodology of Ibn Abī Ḥātim in al-Jarḥ and al-Taʿdīl, analyzing how personal judgment and methodological filters influenced narrator assessments. The research holds importance in clarifying the accuracy of narrator evaluation, revealing the role of individual discretion, and highlighting methodological differences among hadith critics.
The study is structured as follows:
Introduction: Significance, objectives, methodology, and structure of the study.
Preliminary section: Definitions and an overview of Jarḥ wa Taʿdīl and its classifications.
Chapter One: The life of Ibn Abī Ḥātim, including his teachers, students, and works.
Chapter Two: Analytical study of his methodology with applied examples.
Chapter Three: The evaluative criteria used by Ibn Abī Ḥātim.
Chapter Four: The role and impact of selectivity in his evaluations.
Chapter Five: A comparative study between his approach and that of Imām al-Nasāʾī.
The research adopts a critical-analytical approach, referencing classical sources and maintaining scholarly impartiality. Despite the extensive contributions of hadith scholars, their judgments remain human efforts, open to critique and refinement

The study analyzes how pagan religions helped establish the customs and traditions of pre-Islamic Arabs and how pagan belief systems played a role in shaping and solidifying the religious and social fabrics of Arabian societies. It mentions different types of pagan worship, such as idol worship, worship of heavenly deities, and belief in spirits and jinn, and how this influenced religious and social practices. The study also examines ethical values based on these beliefs, including generosity, bravery, revenge, and pride of the lineage. Islam came with the elimination of many pagan rituals reverting back to a pure monotheist ritual, and some remaining rituals were incorporated into a new Islamic practice while other traditions still were left to run because of tribal culture.

This research examines and analyzes the hadiths graded by Imam Al-Haythami in Majma' al-Zawa'id wa Manba' al-Fawa'id, specifically those narrated by Al-Bazzar in Al-Bahr al-Zakhkhar with trustworthy narrators. The study aims to perform takhrij of these hadiths and trace their chains of transmission, focusing on their isnads to determine narrators' status regarding disparagement and commendation, and to ensure freedom from discontinuity, irregularity, or hidden defects.
The research also compares rulings of other hadith scholars on these hadiths with Al-Haythami's judgment, assessing the accuracy of his isnad authentication. It further investigates whether Al-Haythami's authentication relies solely on the isnad or includes corroborating narrations and supporting evidence. The study also identifies uncommon words, subtleties of the isnads, and extracts benefits from these hadiths. This research is structured into a preface and two sections. The preface introduces Imam Al-Bazzar and Al-Haythami, along with their works, Al-Bahr al-Zakhkhar and Majma' al-Zawa'id. The second section covers the hadiths narrated by Al-Bazzar in Al-Bahr al-Zakhkhar whose isnads were graded by Al-Haythami, specifically in chapter on prayer description and takbir

The research aimed to identify the quality of the criteria established for the selection and employment of human resources, in an attempt to demonstrate their role in promoting knowledge innovation among a group of employees in the Quality and Institutional Development Department at the Ministry of Education. The research included the quality of human resources employment criteria as an independent variable, measured by (strategic alignment, compliance, operational efficiency, talent quality, relationship management, and continuous improvement), and the dependent variable, measured by (strategic dimension, executive dimension, and value dimension). To achieve the objectives of this research and obtain its results, the researcher developed a questionnaire to collect data and information from the research sample, which numbered (60) male and female employees, distributed for the aforementioned purpose. The data and information obtained were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS-v25). The research reached a number of results, the most important of which was the existence of two correlations and an influence between the two research variables, in addition to formulating a number of recommendations, the most important of which was to continuously maintain and develop the quality of the specific criteria established for the selection of employees working in the aforementioned field.

The current study sought to identify the impact of educational excellence of educational leaders on motivating employees in private schools / an analytical study in a number of private schools in Balad city, through the use of the descriptive analytical approach to achieve this goal. The study population was represented by (550) individuals working in private schools, and a non-random (purposeful) sample of (226) individuals was drawn from them to be the study sample. The researcher relied on collecting data on a questionnaire consisting of (44) paragraphs distributed on the independent variable of educational excellence and the dependent variable of employee motivation. The psychometric properties of the tool were confirmed, as the apparent validity was verified by presenting the tool to a number of arbitrators specialized in educational administration. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) for the questionnaire as a whole reached (0.91), which indicates that the tool has good reliability. The study concluded that, in general, the results reflect a positive relationship between the adoption of pedagogical excellence practices in its various dimensions and levels of employee motivation, both material and moral. This highlights the importance of leadership and administrative roles in creating a stimulating, advanced, and sustainable educational environment based on effective educational and organizational foundations.
The study recommended that school administrations adopt pedagogical excellence strategies by integrating exploration and exploitation into the school work environment, to ensure rapid adaptation to educational challenges and achieve institutional excellence. The study also recommends that educational authorities develop school administrative systems by adopting structural pedagogical excellence, including enhancing transparency, clarifying mandates, and adopting a flexible organizational structure capable of responding to changes.

The study aims to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and the quality of family and social life by determining the level of emotional intelligence among workers in educational and social institutions, and measuring the impact of the sub-dimensions of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-control, empathy, social skills) on the quality of life Knowing the differences in the relationship according to personal characteristics (age, gender, educational qualification, years of experience Provide practical proposals for the integration of emotional intelligence into educational and community programs. Main dimensions: Self-awareness: Awareness of subjective feelings and their impact. Self-control: managing and directing negative emotions. Empathy: Understanding the feelings of others and promoting understanding and social skills: improving communication and professional and social relationships. The study used the following tools through the SPSS V24 program: Frequencies and percentages., arithmetic averages and standard deviation. and Cronbach alpha coefficient to measure stability and reliability. Linear regression test.Single variance analysis test. The results of the study were: The existence of a statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence in its four dimensions and the quality of family and professional life Self-awareness and self-control have a significant impact on improving psychological adjustment and reducing anxiety. Empathy enhances social relationships and contributes to an improved work environment Social skills have a noticeable impact on the quality of professional life. Emotional intelligence levels and influence vary depending on qualification and years of experience. The study recommended the need for Integrating emotional intelligence into educational curricula and vocational training programs, holding workshops and training courses on expressing feelings and effective communication, and raising community awareness of the importance of emotional intelligence through the media and educational institutions. As well as supporting future scientific research in the field of emotional intelligence and quality of life, and strengthening the institutional environment that allows the application of emotional intelligence as a strategic tool for community development.

Searching al-Imam Ahmead for narrations that were judged by the hadith scholar Haithem to have a good chain of transmission is considered an important topic in the study of the Prophet’s hadith, as it contributes to evaluating the authenticity of the hadiths and the extent of their acceptance in the legal sciences. A comprehensive study of these narrations was conducted to understand the accuracy of the hadith scholar Al-heat may assessment and the accuracy of his analysis of their chains of transmission.
The research analyzed a number of narrations that were judged by the hadith scholar Haithem to have a good chain of transmission, and it was found that these narrations are authentic and reliable according to the rules of hadith science. The study showed that the hadith scholar Haithem followed a precise approach in evaluating the chains of transmission and examining the authenticity of the narrators, and he had extensive experience in this field.
Based on the results of the research, it is possible to rely on these narrations that were judged to have a good chain of transmission in understanding and interpreting the Prophetic hadiths, because they are based on reliable narrators and a connected and authentic chain Ahmead of transmission. Haithem, these narrations can be used in scientific research and Sharia studies with confidence and consistency.
In conclusion, the study of the narrations that were judged by the hadith scholar Haithem to have a good chain of transmission is considered a valuable contribution to the development of the study and understanding of the Prophet’s hadith. It contributes to confirming the authenticity of the hadiths and directing researchers towards using reliable sources in studying the Sunnah of the Prophet.

Jurisprudence and Hadith are two closely related disciplines. The Prophetic Sunnah is the second source of Islamic legislation after the Holy Qur'an. Jurisprudence is the science that derives legal rulings from legal evidence, including the Prophetic Sunnah. Therefore a jurist cannot derive legal rulings without referring to and thoroughly studying the Prophetic Sunnah. Through this research, which I wrote about a hadith of our Prophet and Leader Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), I found that many rulings can be derived from this hadith, which some earlier scholars have briefly explained. In this research, I focused on only two issues, citing the opinions of jurists along with their evidence.

This study is dedicated to elucidating the key differences between the eloquence of Divine Revelation - embodied in the Qur'anic discourse - and the eloquence of Prophetic Conveyance - manifested in the noble Hadith. It explores their respective definitions and rhetorical impacts, their distinguishing features and communicative functions, as well as their sources and stylistic characteristics. Furthermore, it examines aspects of rhetorical structure, artistic imagery, and the persuasive function of each genre and its effect on the recipient. The study is supplemented with comparative applied models of thematically related texts. It is hoped that this work will serve as a beacon for those seeking to further explore this refined discipline: the science of rhetorical distinctions.

This study examines the concept of intercession in Christianity from both theological and scriptural perspectives, considering it as one of the fundamental pillars of doctrine and spiritual practice. The research offers a descriptive analysis of the dimensions of intercession in the Gospels and the Pauline epistles, with a focus on the intercession of Christ, the Holy Spirit, the Virgin Mary, and the saints. It classifies intercession into three main types: expiatory, mediatory, and intercessory. The study explores the profound relationship between intercession and the doctrines of atonement and salvation, illustrating how intercession represents a living extension of Christ’s redemptive work and the believers’ participation in His mediation.
Furthermore, the research presents a comparison between the theological practice of intercession in Orthodox and Protestant traditions, highlighting points of convergence and divergence, and analyzing the views of several Church Fathers such as Thomas Aquinas, Origen, and Augustine. The study adopts an analytical, scriptural, and theological methodology, aiming to emphasize intercession as a dynamic spiritual concept that connects the individual to the body of the Church and to divine grace.

The research aimed to explore the impact of smart organizational structures, with their dimensions (flexibility, decentralization, information flow, digital integration, and participatory leadership), on empowering administrative human resources at the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din Governorate. The research adopted a descriptive and analytical approach. Furthermore, data and information were collected through a questionnaire designed specifically for this purpose. The questionnaire was distributed to a stratified random sample of (120) administrative employees from a research population of (300) employees, representing various job levels (department managers, division heads, and administrative staff). The data were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS-v25), applying multiple statistical methods to arrive at the research results. The research revealed a number of findings, the most important of which was the existence of a strong positive correlation between smart structures and empowering human resources. The researcher made a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which was strengthening the technological infrastructure by investing in digital integration, given its relative weakness compared to other dimensions. This requires updating digital systems to achieve effective organizational transformation

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, who is unique in his oneness and guides whoever he wants to his straight path, and blessings and peace be upon the most honorable of the prophets and messengers, our master Muhammad, and on his family and companions.This study deals with the phenomenon of claiming lordship by some tyrants as mentioned in the Holy Qur'an from a doctrinal perspective, for two prominent models: Nimrod and Pharaoh, and this study aims to show the seriousness of the claim of lordship, which is one of the most heinous forms of infidelity, and the maximum degrees of tyranny and doctrinal deviation, and to show how the prophets face these deviations with truth and evidence, by proving the unification of lordship, and the statement of human helplessness in front of the ability of the Allah Almighty, and that the Holy Qur'an by presenting these models makes them a warning lesson to everyone who is arrogant and exceeds his limits and makes himself a god, and for this the research title is: THE SO-CALLED LORDSHIP IN THE NOBLE QUR'AN - A DOCTRINAL STUDY - NIMROD AND PHARAOH AS A MODEL - The research plan was required to be on two sections: The first topic: the definition of the vocabulary of the title. The second topic: the history of deviation of lordship according to the Qur'anic concept.

This is research is entitled about the rights of parents over their Children with are many. Some of them are during their lives such as right kindness, respect and obedience, and some of them are after their death.
Such as supplication and forgiveness for them giving charity on their behalf, and paying off their debts. I chose examples of Hadiths in Musnad Al- imam Ahmed that are related to the topic of my research.
And I explained the purpose of its legislation and the effects of its application the individual and society.
I reached there is a correlation between family stability and giving parents their rights through understanding the prophetic hadith in light of its objectives of the hadith are achieved and preserved stability will be achieved and if the objectives of hadith are neglected and not preserved , disintegration will occur.

My research, titled "A Treatise on Those to Whom Zakat Is Disbursed by the Scholar Muhammad ibn Hamza al-Aydini (d. 1122 AH), A Study and Investigation," addresses the expenses of zakat and to whom it is disbursed. Despite its small size, this thesis fully covers the expenses of zakat and clarifies those entitled to zakat, as stated in the Qur'an and Sunnah and agreed upon by the Imams of this Ummah. It is limited to eight categories: the poor and needy, those employed to collect it, those whose hearts are to be reconciled, those who are to be freed, those in debt, those striving in the cause of Allah, and wayfarers. Furthermore, zakat is not permissible for the rich, and the payer is exempt from it due to the existence of its main pillar, which is ownership. If the rich did not own it, ownership would not exist, as it makes the rich an owner. Rather, it should be owned by someone who is not entitled to it, as it is not permissible for the rich, and it must be given in charity, as is the ruling on filthy wealth.

Insurance companies are among the primary non-banking financial institutions that play a significant role in stabilizing economic activity. Ensuring their continuity requires continuous monitoring of their financial performance. This monitoring is accomplished using multiple financial analysis tools, most notably cash flow analysis.
Despite the importance of monetary policy and its direct and indirect impact on the business environment, its effects on the insurance sector, particularly in the areas of capital investment, have not received sufficient attention. With the successive financial crises, it has become necessary to understand how monetary policies, particularly interest rates, affect the efficiency and resilience of insurance companies.
This research aims to analyze the impact of cash flows on financial decision-making related to capital investment in insurance companies listed on the Baghdad Stock Exchange. An applied approach was adopted, using the financial data of a number of listed insurance companies over a specific period of time, with the aim of measuring the extent to which cash inflows and outflows are linked to investment and financing decisions within these companies.
The study relied on the descriptive analytical applied approach, given its flexibility in analyzing complex financial phenomena, particularly those related to evaluating financial performance and its impact on investment decision-making. This approach is based on collecting real-world data from the actual business environment and statistically analyzing it to extract logical relationships that can be generalized or built upon in subsequent studies. Quarterly financial data was collected from published financial statements for the period from the first quarter of 2022 to the first quarter of 2024. Statistical analysis tools such as simple and multiple regression analysis were used to test hypotheses using Excel and SPSS. The relationship between five key cash flow metrics (such as liquidity quality, earnings quality, financing policies, financial flexibility, and free cash flow) and trading volume was analyzed as an indicator of investor investment behavior.
The research found that cash flow is an important tool in supporting financial management in making strategic decisions regarding resource allocation, determining spending priorities, and expanding insurance activities. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between cash flow volume and the efficiency of capital allocation, indicating the importance of relying on cash analysis in formulating future financial policies.
The research recommends enhancing the role of cash analysis in the financial planning of insurance companies, while working to improve the quality of cash reporting to ensure effective investment decisions that contribute to raising the efficiency of the Iraqi financial market.

The present paper will consider the great influence of globalization on contemporary novel writing, and would particularly concentrate on the categories of displacement as well as identity in The Kite Runner (Hosseini, 2003) and Americanah (Adichie, 2013).The novels present a rich story disputing the complications of belonging in a globalized world that portrays the emotional, psychological, and cultural effects of being removed out of one home for the other. The enquiry of both novels in expressing the psychological displacement that comes about in with migration is established by using a cultural criticism paradigm and how experiences of cultural adjustment and change influence the inner identity of the characters in both novels. It can be seen during the analysis that the displacement in the two novels is not merely a physical movement but a very much emotional and psychological experience. The Kite Runner is a novel whose theme of relief of guilt, shame, and redemption can be traced through the dislocation of Amir in Afghanistan such that he has to move to the United States to settle the scores between the past episode and his present life. It is also known that like Americanah, the protagonist Ifemelu is torn between two cultures as she makes the shift from Nigeria to U.S., where racial and national identities conflict. Both are characters in deep identity crises, which echoes the larger problems of living within two cultures and having to negotiate self identity in the world that increasingly becomes connected. Basing the analysis of the literary techniques and choices in these two novels, the study addresses the features of the narrative text, characters, and symbolic values to show how thematic issue, home, belonging and cultural conflict is being addressed through the literary techniques. These results indicate that globalization pushes people to complicate their identity through a set of layers that overlaps and changes with time, and the existing idea of the identity as not being dependent on a country now appears more and more flexible. At the end of the study, the researchers make an assumption about the need to conduct further research on the concept of identity that has been changing with the globalization, especially through the prism of digital storytelling, transnationalism, and gendered displacement. It underlines the necessity of additional studies with the view to define the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the literary construction of identity and belonging in the light of the growing tendency towards the movement of people, cultures, and ideas throughout the world.

Objective: This study investigates and develops artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that enhance the accuracy and efficiency of indexing electronic sources, thereby improving information retrieval and management in digital environments.
Research Problem: It stems from the weaknesses and limitations of traditional electronic indexing, which has always been manual or semi-automatic. Inaccurate, incomplete, and slow indexing of digital resources has been a common issue in this paper, as it attempts to demonstrate how improved accuracy, consistency, and overall effectiveness in electronic source indexing can enhance retrieval quality by leveraging AI Technologies. Therefore, improved retrieval quality leads to better accessibility and a good user experience in digital information environments.
Methods: Qualitative research methodology.
A stratified sample was selected for a case study related to the efficiency and accuracy of indexing electronic resources using artificial intelligence. The study consisted of Interviews with 32 experts (librarians, researchers, and AI developers).
Data Collection: It focused on seven themes, assessing AI’s impact on indexing accuracy.
Results: Artificial intelligence significantly improves the accuracy of indexing electronic sources. Findings support the Information Systems (IS) theory that technological advancements can enhance organizational information management processes.
Conclusions: AI plays a positive and effective role in improving the accuracy and efficiency of indexing electronic sources. Technological innovations like AI are valuable tools for advancing digital information management.

This study analyzes Samuel Beckett's ‘Waiting for Godot’ and how language and ideas are combined to support themes of human connection, futility, and uncertainty using Macro's (1999) taxonomy of semantic connections. Throughout the performance, we identify and quantify relationship patterns using Macro's nine relations: Identity, Difference, Inclusion, Exclusion, Process, Function, Spatial, Physical Characteristics, and Quantity Modification. Each relationship is illustrated by two examples, each supported by textual evidence. According to a frequency table, the most significant relationships are Process (23%) and Identity (18%). This is a result of the play being caught in a cycle and searching for meaning in an illogical way.

The use of force has appeared in international relations since the emergence of the term (state) until today. In the midst of wars and conflicts, civilians and civilian objects remain the most affected, as the scourge of war extends beyond the borders of combat soldiers, to include vital infrastructure and property that forms the basis of daily life. History bears witness that most countries seek to resolve disputes using force, despite the United Nations Charter prohibiting the use of force except in a very limited scope On the other hand, rules for the protection of civilian objects have emerged at the international level, which have placed clear obligations on the warring parties that prevent their direct targeting, regulate liability provisions in the event of violations of those rules, and clarify effective international accountability mechanisms to ensure that there is no impunity.

This study explores the institution of slavery in ancient Eastern religions, focusing on its socio-economic and legal dimensions in Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations. Slavery was a foundational system in these societies, with slaves sourced from war captives, debt bondage, kidnapping, and forced sales. The research highlights significant disparities in the treatment of slaves: Mesopotamian laws, such as Hammurabi’s Code, granted slaves certain rights, including property ownership and legal representation, whereas conditions in ancient Egypt were harsher despite some slaves being allowed to marry and own property. The study underscores the pivotal economic role of slaves in agriculture, construction, domestic service, and temple labor, with varying degrees of exploitation across civilizations. Additionally, it examines how slavery was intertwined with religious and social structures, offering insights into the evolution of legal and social concepts in the ancient world. The comparative analysis reveals both shared features and unique characteristics of slave systems in these civilizations, contributing to a deeper understanding of their historical and cultural contexts.

The aim of the research was to diagnose the reality of the strategic sustainability of Tikrit University through a survey study that included a sample of faculty members at the university, representing the research community of all faculty members at the university. The research sample included a sample of faculty members at the university. The research problem was represented by the following question: What is the reality of the strategic sustainability at Tikrit University from the point of view of faculty members? The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach by designing a questionnaire with three axes: (environmental orientation, social orientation, economic orientation). He used the random sample method in selecting the research sample by randomly distributing a questionnaire to faculty members, amounting to (342), of which (320) were recovered, suitable for statistical analysis. He relied on the SPSSVER23 program in his analysis of the collected data. The research reached a set of results. The dimensions of the strategic sustainability are available at Tikrit University, but in varying proportions. The university's greatest focus was on the economic orientation, followed by the environmental orientation, then the social orientation. In addition, there is a strong correlation between the three dimensions of the strategic sustainability, which indicates that developing any dimension will automatically lead to an improvement in the other dimensions. This constitutes a strategic opportunity for the university's leadership to enhance integration between these dimensions. The researcher recommends the necessity of developing a comprehensive plan to achieve balance between the dimensions of the strategic sustainability, so that resources and efforts are distributed equally on the environmental, social, and economic aspects, with periodic follow-up to measure performance and maintain the strength of the economic orientation, taking into account the other dimensions, by integrating environmental and social considerations into economic projects, ensuring the achievement of balanced development. And sustainable.

This research dealt with the significance of the morphological structures of the linguistic root (Jinan) in the Holy Quran. The study came as a morphological, semantic, and statistical study, which is the morphological changes the occurred to this root. This chapter verbal and the nominal, and the verb did not come from it except in the past tense from the chapter ( faala- yafulu ) and from could be intransitive and transitive, and its source is jinn ,jinan, and junoon.
And the nominal : derived nouns came from it , which are: (the source)- the active participle- the passive participle, and the instrument noun (as well as the noun indicating a place in this world and the hereafter, except for paradise).
Also from it came the singular, dual ,and it only came from it in the plural forms of the sound femining plural and the broken plural, as the coming pages will reveal, God willing
The real and metaphorical and the precise employment in its places, and the performance of sublime meanings, and the connotations it carries, wherever it is place in the Holy Qur'an. How could it not be , when it is the perfect word of God .and no harm can come to it from before it or from behind it .it is sent down by one who is wise and praiseworthy.(fussilat;42)

The study aims to identify the role played by e-marketing in improving the quality of tourism services in the tourism sector in Iraq, by analyzing how digital tools and modern technologies affect enhancing the tourists' experience and increasing their satisfaction. The study problem was identified by extrapolating the reality of the organization under study, given the scarcity of e-marketing channels and the weakness in practicing e-marketing activity, which was reflected in the quality of tourism services at the Baghdad Hotel. The study community consisted of managers, department heads, and employees at the Baghdad Hotel, while the study sample was intentional with (40) respondents. The study adopted the questionnaire as the main tool for the study, in addition to personal interviews. The researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach. To answer the study problem, a number of hypotheses were developed to be tested in the practical aspect. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that e-marketing has an impact on reducing the time and effort in transferring information and content to the target audience, and responding to customers' needs, which is reflected in their satisfaction with the organization, thus achieving the quality of tourism services. In line with the recommendations, the researcher reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that the researcher recommends increasing awareness among tourism companies and investors in the tourism sector of the importance of e-marketing in improving the quality of recreational tourism services.

This research examines the significance of the letters of meaning in Surat Al-A'la. The study is a grammatical, semantic, and statistical study, which examines the meanings these letters convey, consistent with the context of the verse, employed in a manner that reflects the ultimate rhetorical perfection of God Almighty's words in His perfect book, the Holy Qur'an, as follows:
Introduction: This is the beginning of the research, which deals with defining letters, the types of letters in the language, how they are sounds, and when they are letters. It also discusses the opinions of scholars on each of these topics, from their respective contexts.
A. The first section: The conjunctions waw, fa, and thumma.
B. The second section: The letters of emphasis, namely inna, qad, and the gliding lam.
T. The third section: Letters with other meanings: Seen, the negative (La), Bal, (Alla), and Thumma.
Conclusion and results: This is a summary and outcome of what the research has reached in this study

Through studying the Islamic Jurisprudence, the current paper aims at jurisprudent in religion to achieve many various advantages that Quranic texts and the Prophetic route have denoted to for the community that we live in as well as all over the world. Allah predetermine scholars of religion for Quranic texts and the Prophetic route to grant us precious treasures and a scientific wealth including the manuscripts. One of these manuscripts is the study about ruling of saliva and kissing which is the main topic to be edited. This study is divided into two parts:
The first part debates the author’s life which comprises: his name, birth, surname, nickname, scholars, pupils, writings, and death.
The second part section talks about the edited text with reference to jurists’ controversy and their evidences, and the predominant evidence.the nectar-paradise-rulings on saliva-kissing-ibrahim-al janayni.

Human rights and the rule of law are systems closely linked to the ability of legitimate states to protect human rights effectively through the interconnectedness of democratic institutions. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important products of human civilization, which is now used in all areas of life in a way that threatens the basic human rights and the main freedoms that must be enjoyed. Therefore, we have devoted this research to explaining the nature of both human rights and artificial intelligence and the impact of the latter on human rights and freedoms. We concluded the research with a conclusion that included the most important results related to the fact that artificial intelligence is a tool for good, and it can have negative effects on the protection of human rights and a statement of the urgent need for a legal framework based on the basic principles of the International Covenant on Human Rights and a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the development of artificial intelligence, the integration of the ethical, humanitarian and religious system in order to protect individuals, and reliance on an international declaration that includes binding protocols to regulate its use to preserve human rights approved by international treaties and agreements.