Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a serious challenge to clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Efforts are ongoing to counteract this issue, including extensive screening of medicinal plants from traditional medicine systems to find safer and more effective antimicrobial agents. This study involved collecting 120 clinical urine samples from patients aged 10-60 years with urinary tract infections (UTIs) at Kirkuk Hospital between December 2023 and April 2024. Bacterial isolates were identified using microscopy, morphological analysis, and biochemical tests. Agar diffusion tests were performed to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that E. coli was the most prevalent bacterium (45.9%), followed by S. aureus (20.3%), K. pneumonia (14.9%), P. aeruginosa (10.8%), and P. mirabilis (8.1%). E. coli, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin, while all studied bacteria were highly sensitive to Imipenem and Amikacin. Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones varying based on concentration. At 100 mg/mL, A. indica and M. oleifera showed inhibition diameters ranging from 20.6 mm to 38.3 mm against different bacterial isolates.

Background and objective: In Middle Eastern countries, cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a community health concern. This study aimed to identify the Leishmania species in the local area by an accrued method using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the mini-exon gene.
Material and methods: Fourteen Gimsa-stained slides were collected for leishmaniasis from the private laboratory. These slides were prepared for patients with clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis. Genomic DNA was extracted using a modified Motazedian protocol. PCR technique was used to amplify all samples using specific primers for the mini-exon gene.
Results: All fourteen samples were positive for leishmaniasis by PCR amplification. Sanger sequencing has been achieved for the positive samples to identify the species. Seven samples out of 14 were identified as L. infantum, while the remaining seven samples were identified as L. major. The miniexon gene DNA data for Leishmania species (L. major and L. infantum) were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequences are given in GenBank accession numbers OP611207 (L. major) and OP611208 (L. infantum).
Conclusions: Molecular techniques such as PCR and sequencing enhance the accurate diagnosis and management of leishmaniasis.

This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment unit for industrial water from Baiji refinery located in Salahuddin Governorate for three months (2023), and it was found that the temperature ranged between (15-27), while turbidity reached (2.9-14.9) NTU, while electrical conductivity values were (569-801) µS/ cm.
While the upper limit of total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness reached about (140.67, 117.00 and 41.00) Milligrams per liter as Ca CO3, respectively, as well as the upper limit of chloride ion reached about (53.0) milligrams per liter, nitrate (1.560) micrograms per liter and nitrite (0.250) micrograms per liter. 250 micrograms / liter, sulfate (265.33) milligrams / liter, phosphate (0.510) micrograms / liter, as for dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, their values reached (3.67) milligrams / liter and (0.889), respectively
The concentration of heavy metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc, cobalt and chromium reached the upper limit of (0.16287, 0.1651, 0.12992, 1.3487, 0.05178, 0.01919) ppm, respectively, while the water was free of mercury and arsenic elements. The study showed that the water specifications were within the limits allowed by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency.

This study involved synthesis of Atorvastatin Aspirin ester prodrug by reacting of aspirin drug with thionyl chloride SOCl2 to produce aspirinyl chloride that mixed with Atorvastatin drug which dissolved with acetone to produce corresponding ester. The structure of new compound was estabilished by spectral techniques that includes FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The biochemical part encompassed collecting of blood samples from atherosclerosis patients then many diluted concentrations of new prepared prodrug and study its effect on the lactate dehydrogenase activity where the outcomes indicated the new ester have activation effect on lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. Molecular docking study was a theoretical investigation to study the interaction of new synthesized ester with Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (PDB:ID=4i8x), the molecular docking study clarified the synthesized compound showed good docking score: -8.9 kcal\mol with RMSD value 2.819, 5.803 Ao, and binding patterns

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are recognized as the number one cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of iron and ferritin levels in serum menopausal women and to determine the correlation between CRP with iron and ferritin in menopausal women that have CVD. This case-control study was carried out on (180) participants (40-69 years) of age with and without CVD. The following parameters were measured (iron, ferritin, and C-reactive protein). Menopausal women with CVD had significantly higher mean serum levels of iron (67.13±2.178 mg/dL vs 59.36±2.131 mg/dL) (p=0.0117) along with serum ferritin level (114.0±5.760 ng/mL vs 73.29±5.001 ng/mL) (p<0.0001) and CRP level (1.305±0.1584 mg/dL vs 0.4412±0.05976 mg/dL) (p<0.0001) in comparison with healthy menopausal women, and the results of this study shows a significant and positive correlation between Ferritin with CRP in menopausal women with CVD (r=0.37, p=0.0003). In conclusion, the serum level of ferritin, iron, and CRP higher significantly in menopausal patients compared with healthy menopausal women.

Barium titanate nanorods (BTNRs) were formed via the hydrothermal process through preliminary preparation of a slurry of hydroxide precursors by mixing BaCl2.H2O and TiCl2 with a (10 Molar) of NaOH solution. The hydroxide slurry was heated at (205 °C) for (24 h) to complete the process. This study focused on examining the electrical properties of nanoscale barium titanate (BaTiO3) synthesized via the hydrothermal technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging demonstrated the unique rod-like shape of barium titanate nanorods, confirming their production. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline structure attained under the experimental circumstances and confirmed the successful production of the BaTiO₃ perovskite phase. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was utilized to identify the functional groups present in the nanomaterial. Additionally, the structure and composition of BaTiO3 were confirmed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (designed as EDS). The electrical conductivity was assessed utilizing the four-point probe (4-point electrical conductivity) method to determine sheet resistance, while impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the capacitance, and dielectric constant. The results revealed the intrinsic properties of BaTiO3 nanorods, highlighting its potential applications in electronics and capacitors.

Industrial effluents, especially those containing synthetic dyes which include acid red (AR) and acid black (AB), keep to pose excessive ecological and health dangers due to their balance and resistance to biodegradation. This takes a look at addresses this difficulty by using exploring Mn-doped SrTiO₃ perovskite nanostructures as photocatalysts below visible light situations. The substances have been synthesized thru the sol-gel path and comprehensively characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis/DRS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface analysis, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). surface analysis. Photocatalytic exams were done beneath visible light publicity to assess dye elimination efficiency and determine the role of operational factors such as pH, catalyst dose, and preliminary dye load. The creation of Mn into the SrTiO₃ lattice caused outstanding enhancements in seen-mild absorption and charge separation, allowing degradation efficiencies exceeding (90%) inside a hundred and twenty mins. These outcomes affirm the potential of Mn-doped SrTiO₃ as a viable photocatalyst for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment utilizing solar or artificial light sources The Mn-doped SrTiO₃ achieved degradation efficiencies of (92.5 %) for acid red (1 and 88.3 %) for acid black 1 within (120 min). The optical band gap was reduced from (3.21 eV) to (2.58 eV), and the kinetic rate constants increased up to (0.0146 and 0.0138 min⁻¹) respectively, highlighting significant improvements in photocatalytic performance under visible light.

Social media platforms like Twitter provide major means for individuals to express their opinions on various topics; therefore, a need for complex tools to distinguish between negative and positive attitudes in textual content. With consideration for the most suitable models for precisely classifying sentiments within social media data, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in analyzing sentiment text that people post or comment on Twitter, thus bridging the research gap in the analysis of sentiment in an understudied domain. a set of machine learning algorithms was applied along with feature extraction methods, including TF-IDF and Natural Language Processing (NLP). With an accuracy of 93%, the Random Forest (RF) model proved to be the most effective among other models, Because of its exceptional capacity and generating accurate and dependable results on textual data, the Random Forest (RF) model proves in the study to be the most optimal choice for sentiment analysis textual.

Sharing and exchanging data over networks is often insecure, especially if the data is secret and important. Steganography is key research fields in information hiding, focusing on invisible communication and digital steganography, which offers private, secure communication through multimedia carriers. In this paper, propose a new steganography approach for hiding data in digital images using Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA) and Least Significant Bit (LSB). The digital image was first divided into (4*4) blocks, then determined the best blocks for data hiding using POA, after that used LSB for data hiding. The results (MSE and PSNR are 0.7838 and 49.1743 respectively) are good when compared with related works and show good image quality

Hearing loss is a growing public health concern with serious implications for an individual's quality of life. This paper proposes a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of the spread of mumps and the associated risk of hearing loss caused by mumps infection. The model incorporates key epidemiological factors and considers the role of vaccination and quarantine as control measures. Mathematical analysis of the model was carried out to ensure positivity and boundedness of solutions over time. The model exhibits two steady states: a mumps-free steady state and a mumps-endemic steady state. Stability and sensitivity analyses show the effectiveness of quarantine and administering vaccine in minimizing the spread of mumps and consequently mitigating hearing loss. Though, quarantine has high significant impact on the dynamics with first dose of vaccination, the outcome after the second dose of vaccination is far better. In addition, the findings emphasize the importance of certain parameters in shaping the disease dynamics and offer guidance on effective intervention strategies. The study underscores the role of vaccination and quarantine in mitigating the impact of mumps-induced hearing loss.