AL-AMEED JOURNAL

Religious authority enjoys significant religious, intellectual, and spiritual status among Shia Muslims. This status is the product of long experiences during which religious authority proves its foresight and success in reading reality , anticipating its future repercussions and taking decisive and firm positions to confront challenges and threats. Among the most prominent dangers confronted by religious authority are the first takfiri tide represented by Wahhabi attacks on Najaf and Karbala during the time of religious authority Sheikh Jaafar Kashif al-Ghita at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century, and the second takfiri tide represented by the terrorist ISIS organization during the time of religious authority Sayyid Ali al-Sistani. The two great authorities issued
fatwas for jihad in a span of two centuries between them , but they share the same vein : defending religion and sanctities.

The current study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology based on the recommendations of His Eminence
Sayyid al-Sistani in the Sufficient Defense fatwa in addressing
the principles and characteristics of human rights and their
components in various dimensions. In this regard, it is to explain the characteristics of human rights in the recommendations of His Eminence Sayyid al-Sistani ; Quranic documents
and the validity of these recommendations are analyzed and
examined. The recommendations analysis of His Eminence
Sayyid al-Sistani in the Sufficient Defense fatwa expresses his
approach to complete adherence to the ethics of jihad against
the enemy, such that the reward of jihad includes those who
observe the moral characteristics of jihad. Manifesting them
is important for two issues : first, it clarifies the purpose of
these recommendations in forming a cohesive multi-ethnic
and multi-religious society; second, interpreting these recommendations with a religious methodology in the global arena
helps to introduce true Islam regardless from extremist and
sectarian currents and forms an important obstacle against Islamophobic suspicions.

Iraq has been preoccupied since 2005 (i.e., the constitution\'s approval) and before with defining an operational design for its battle against terrorism—a battle that carried numerous social descriptions that made it understand as if it were a historical burden that the new Iraqi political system has carried and continues to carry. Terrorism and extremism, although contradictory, have one goal, which Iraqis have been unable to understand despite the planning, measures, and sacrifices they have made, attributing their security to mental representations that are difficult to escape from at a time
when those representations, even for a short time, were part of assumptions that could be addressed by creating structures to treat security institutions . Therefore, what befell Iraqi national security in 2014
is due to that sin, as addressing the danger of ISIS organization pushed the Iraqi people to acknowledge in its treatment, especially after the religious authority issued the Sufficient Defense fatwa in June 2014, which was
considered a milestone in modern Iraqi history. It played

Glorious Quran enacts legislation to regulate human
behavior, meet legitimate human needs, encompass human developmental evolution, and clarify contents of
concepts and rulings that lead to human happiness and
stability. Among these are multiple dualities, numerous
in quantity and type, some pertain to others through
bonds and relationships that unite them, depict the intellectual vision of Quran and express their image in the
balance of divine law and their dimension. Hence, Glorios Quran presented antithetical dualities so that the
comparison between concepts and their philosophical
dimension would be clearer and more explicit. Among
those dualities that have been subject to much debate,
and the Quranic text mentions them conceptually : the
duality of tolerance and extremism. The Holy Quran gives
them special attention to refer to the specificity and importance of such a duality and its effects in spreading
the Islamic message and organizing internal and external relations with others. It should be noted the meaning
of tolerance in this research and its shades : dialogue,
peaceful coexistence, acceptance of others, spreading
peace, and others. Meanwhile, extremism intends to be
in two aspects: first, the Quranic use of the term extremism, and second, the terminological use in some cultures
opposing tolerance in terms of fanaticism, extremism,
terrorism, violence, elimination of others, and the like .

Major developments in communication technologies leads to intensified competition between satellite channels and other communication means through diversity in technical methods of news formulation and forms of coverage . Each media outlet becomes distinguished with features that set it apart from others, whether in content, form, or style, to attract the largest number of recipients and influence them. The main problem was represented with the question about the structure of news production and its components. What type of standards are adopted in news production at Karbala Satellite Channel? The research objective focuses on revealing the reality of news production at Karbala Satellite Channel, the manner in which news is produced at Karbala Satellite Channel, identifying the most important topics in Karbala Satellite Channel news, the most important sources from which news is derived, and the methods used in editing them, diagnosing the technical methods adopted in editing the news broadcast by Karbala Satellite Channel. The study concluded with a set of findings : the personnel at Karbala Satellite Channel are characterized with creative performance that depends on generating ideas suitable for the channel and their high capabilities in developing creative solutions to cause problems in the satellite channel. All of this stems from their high loyalty to the channel and its goals to achieve creative ideas to elevate their work.

The research aims to study the reality of vehicle line movement in the garages of the Middle Euphrates Governorates and the capital Baghdad. Digital data issued by the General Company for Land Transport regarding the movement of vehicle lines of different types and sizes were utilized, along with field study. The number of operating lines according to the random sample reached approximately (92) lines. We observe that the highest percentage of incoming and outgoing movement and traffic lines was occupied by the capital Baghdad (round trip) at a rate of (40.1%) of the total traffic movement. This is attributed to the fact that the capital receives large numbers of vehicles from the Middle Euphrates Governorates due to its status as the capital center, in addition to being an administrative, economic, and political center, which explains the doubling of the size of movement and traffic lines. We also note that the movement lines included different vehicles according to the vehicle's passenger capacity, travelers, or cargo load, and the lines of their movement directions extend parallel in different directions.

Using thematic framing and New Historicism theory, this paper studies Bint al-Huda's novel " In Search of Truth" and its intersection with religious and political struggles in Iraq in the 1970s. It uses Islamic reformist discourse to critique Baathist secularism and portrays resistance as a spiritual necessity while embracing sectarian and ethnic diversity. The novel revolves around a Muslim young man who falls in love with a Christian young woman who reciprocates his feelings. After their decision to marry, Sara chooses to convert to Islam, and they are to consult a clergyman who insists on explaining the teachings of Islam to her, believing that not providing her with this information before her conversion would be a betrayal of trust. The novel celebrates the concept of piety between genders, with women as moral arbiters, while confining their authority to the religious sphere. Stylistically, the novel employs religious elements and relies on didactic symbolism and Quranic intertextuality. Bint al-Huda recognizes the harmful conditions in Iraqi society and dedicated her life to opposing the corrupt environment around her, emphasizing the importance of authentic values, human concerns, and religion, highlighting its great principles and teachings. Bint al-Huda has left an eternal legacy in history and inspired many Muslim women even if they were not aware of the power of her influence. " In Search of Truth" is characterized as a foundational and interesting work that is considered resistance literature that has had a lasting impact on religion, authoritarianism, and women.