journal of kufa studies center

This research is derived from a thesis entitled: (The Effect of the Rule of the Customary as a Condition on the Rights of the Spouses) submitted to the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tehran as part of the requirements for obtaining a master's degree in jurisprudence and Islamic Sharia, and this research aims to show that the jurists of the Imamiyyah, since they did not consider custom as a revealing argument for the Shari'a ruling, but rather it is used to diagnose the subject and clarify the concepts of the words contained in the street speeches, and since this rule is one of the characteristics of the contractor who is the subject For obligatory rulings, the jurists of the Imamiyyah have worked on their content, even if they do not stipulate them, in order to include them in other headings that do not need to be mentioned. The research reviewed the concept of the rule and some of its practical examples, while mentioning the narration and mental evidence, which the jurists of other schools of thought inferred from the rule and discussed all of them.
Finally, he was guided by a narration about Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) – which is closely related to the content of al-Qaeda – in extracting from the words of the fundamentalists from the Imamiyyah what can be inferred from the rule and explaining the determinants of the work of this rule.

This study aims to introduce the hadith implicit in the hadith encyclopedias of the Imami Shiites, its authenticity, its formulations, the reasons for the atrocity, the number of implicit hadiths, and some of their applications.
The research aims to introduce the hadith implicit in the hadith encyclopedias of the Imami Shiites, its authenticity, its formulas, the reasons for the atrocity, the number of implicit hadiths, and some of its applications. The research adopted an inductive approach because of the specificity of the subject, which requires tracking and investigation of all its aspects.
The research plan was divided into three topics:
The first topic was the meaning of the implicit hadith, and the reasons for the atrocity in the hadiths and narrations.
The second topic: In which the opinions and theories contained in the authenticity of the implicit hadiths were discussed.
The third section is devoted to some applications, classifications, and statistics related to these hadiths.
The research adopted an inductive approach due to the specificity of the topic, which requires tracking and investigation of all its aspects.

This research titled (The Battalion and its Attributes in the Arab Lexical Heritage: A Study in Derivation and Meaning) deals with a single word in the lexical code of the Arabs that has to do with war and fighting, which is the battalion, so it stands when it is defined alone, the origin from which it came, the meaning to which it came out, and the most important qualities that were attached to it or specialized in it by adding, and with the passage of time, the descriptor or the added to it was neglected, and the adjective and the additive took their place. This research has given importance to the etymological origin that has taken from these attributes He was divided into poor people in terms of issues observed in the battalion, such as color, shape, strength, or multiplicity. He took it as a pillar that the basis of naming a specific group of soldiers entering the war is the battalion and other designations, but they are adjectives in the original usage that have turned into names with the passage of time and frequent use, and some of these adjectives have been assigned as names to specific battalions or some of them The other was suitable for being named for any battalion that was characterized by the attribute in question to which the name referred which is originally an adjective.

Linguists and grammarians took care of the linguistic infractions of the poets, whether grammatical, phonetic or propositional, in addition to their keenness to take care of the integrity of the structure, so they criticized words, rhythm and rhyme, and preferred the meanings of the ancient poets to the modern poets.
The Arabic Language Library has preserved luxurious linguistic and literary works that were written in the service of the Arabic language and the authentic Arab heritage, and the book of Al-Jalees Al-Salih Al-Kafi and Al-Anis Al-Nasih Al-Shafi – the research sample – is of the type of these works, as it is a book of great usefulness, as it included in its books rare linguistic and literary materials, as its author - Al-Qadi Al-Ma'fi - enriched it with a selection of poetry, literature, proverbs, judgment, etc. He even discussed its language and gave his opinion on the most general aspects of it.

Describing this historical material according to the time periods or the different historical schools is very important for structural considerations related to the classification of this type of literature, as well as explaining the stages of the development of the historical writing of a nation and clarifying the ways of presenting historical information in each era by historians and explaining the total influences surrounding them.
Due to the importance of the Mongol era and the large number of historical works in it, especially the book of the history of the Pannakti and its importance among these works, we saw the introduction of this important source about the history of that era in this research. We first took the initiative to clarify the political , social and cultural situation of the era of the Banakiti historian, then I mentioned the development of the historical classification in the Mongol era and afterwards until the time of the Pannakti and the general features that characterized these works, then the location of the history of the Pannakti among them, then came the description of the book of the history of the Pannakti, its author, its methodology and its sources, and then its importance was mentioned It was a modest research that I hope will contribute to clarifying one of the most important historical sources that dealt with the period of the Mongol invasion and explained their history in the Levant.

Religion was one of the most important elements of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, as it has formed a spiritual aspect of human thinking throughout the ages. Religious ideas and beliefs often determine the general structure of human behavior and influence their customs, traditions, customs, and intellectual and spiritual constructivism. The ancient Iraqi religion is centered on three main elements: religious thought, religious feeling, rituals, rituals, and worship, and the study of this religion is very difficult.
The research included three topics, the first topic dealt with (the human form of God (form) and the principle of good and evil), the second topic included a spiritual issue with the gods (love, marriage, and having children), while the third topic included the dwelling of the gods and the offerings offered to God (food, drink, and dwelling (the temple)), and came out with conclusions that were included. In points and a summary in the English language, and the conclusion of the research with the list of Arabic and foreign sources adopted in the research.

The current research aims to uncover the phenomenon of social integration of both sexes in the Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Babylon and has included four chapters, the first chapter is the problem, importance and need for research and requires the study of psychological and educational topics, explaining its impact on society as it is a combination of different traditions and behaviors and social standards, as well as the development of the elements of integration and the interaction of human forces culturally and their investment in achieving their goals in enhancing the university's position as a creative radiation center for culture that selects social moral values. Hence the need for it and the temporal and spatial boundaries within the research area, specifically for the terminology, as the phenomenon is usually acquired by the society without its value system , either to be refuted or to abandon within its social norms, and the integration is a socio-cultural interaction within a quality that unites for a certain period of time with opinions and concepts based on the building of relationships between individuals. Social is the tendency towards homogeneity of others and familiarity between them in accordance with opinions and ideas according to social attitudes to create a common bond between each individual to achieve unity and end class differences and the success of the educational and cultural process. The second chapter included the theoretical framework and previous studies, the indicators included the foundations of integration, its rules, the impact of the environment and personality on it, the third chapter included the procedures of the community, the sample, the tool, the statistical method, and the distribution of the questionnaire paper to all stages with the size of (42) people and (21) for each of the sexes according to their technical competencies by personal interview and observation according to four areas (objectives, application, motives, and impact) formulated with (19) paragraphs, (9) of which are subjective and (10) objective through the use of weighted and arithmetic mean with the (Fisher) equation as a statistical means To know the limit score of the paragraphs that are achieved, the following are the following:
(1×4)+(2×3)+(3×2)+(4×1)× 100
Number of options × number of forms
The fourth chapter included the results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions 1- It showed the positive side in achieving the above phenomenon 2- The phenomenon is an objective attempt to evaluate the psychological and educational aspects of both sexes in the country 3- Radically transforming the educational reality into a more aspirational reality and not retreating in a specific geographical area and with narrow ranges in the behavior of the same society and the need to pay attention to it to include other faculties. .

The research started from a real problem embodied by a number of theoretical and practical questions, to identify the conceptual frameworks of the main and sub-research variables (sustainable leadership and organizational excellence), as well as to test the correlation and impact relationships between the research variables to identify the dimensions of sustainable leadership that contribute most to achieving organizational excellence.
The research adopted the questionnaire form as a main tool for collecting data and information, which consisted of (35) paragraphs distributed among the two research variables, of which (20) paragraphs were allocated to the dimensions of sustainable leadership, and (15) paragraphs were dedicated to the dimensions of organizational excellence. Najaf Al-Ashraf International Airport was selected as the site of the research, as a random sample of employees at the airport was selected (manager, manager, observer, observer, accountant, accountant, legal, legal director, and technician) being responsible at their work sites, and they are familiar and experienced in the ways of doing business at the airport. The number of those to whom the questionnaire form was distributed reached (220) employees, (211) questionnaires were retrieved, i.e. a retrieval rate of (96%), and after counting the data, (4) forms that were not valid for statistical analysis were excluded, so that the forms valid for statistical analysis became (207) forms, which is the research sample. The research used statistical tools rather than parameters in analyzing and processing data and information based on the statistical programs ( SPSS, 20) and (AMOS, 20).
The research reached a set of theoretical and practical conclusions, the most prominent of which was the existence of a correlation and moral impact of sustainable leadership in organizational excellence, as well as the airport's need to pay more attention to the dimension of diversity by attracting and attracting employees with diverse cultures and who have working relationships with airports and international airlines.

The issue of organizational justice is one of the important topics that is one of the priorities of the attention of business organizations that seek to work with high efficiency in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, as organizational justice represents one of the important organizational variables that have a potential impact on the efficiency of the job performance of workers on the one hand and the performance of the organization on the other hand, as many variables affecting the behaviors of workers in the work environment can be interpreted, and since organizational justice reflects the way in which it is governed. The individual on the justice of the method used by the manager or senior management in dealing with him at the functional level and the human level, so in our research, this independent variable was addressed, which is organizational justice with its three dimensions (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactive justice), and the practices of organizational deviance with its four dimensions (leaving work early, taking excessive rest, deliberately slow work, and wasting the organization's resources), where this research was applied to a sample of (employees at the Faculty of Administration and Economics/University of Kufa) where he wanted The research is to control the problem of the expansion of following behavioral practices that results in a violation of the values and standards that govern the conduct of work, whether these values and standards are known or unknown, and the deviant act results in harm and damage to the organization on the material and moral level, which is represented in its reputation, and thus it becomes clear that organizational deviation represents a violation of the laws, rules and regulations that govern the relationship of individuals with each other, or with each other to the senior management, and thus negatively affects the organizational work environment as a whole, and this research was based on the hypothesis of The research reached the most important conclusion that organizational justice is of great importance in business organizations, which stems from its impact on many organizational variables, which are represented in organizational citizenship behaviors, as well as the employees' trust in the performance appraisal system, and the trust between the boss and the subordinate depends on it to a great extent. This contributes to the commitment of employees in the labor system, and the organization should be supportive of the working individuals by developing programs to evaluate performance fairly and working to establish workshops that contribute to reducing the deviation in the behaviors of workers in the organizational work environment.

The purpose of the present research is to clarify the extent to which Six Sigma concepts are used in private banks to evaluate and improve the level of performance from the point of view of senior management by identifying the availability of key factors such as administrative, technical, financial and human factors that contribute to the success of Six Sigma technology, and the purpose of the research is to identify the impact of the application of Six Sigma technology on improving the quality of banking services, based on the optimistic expectations of the senior management for the desired quality that can be achieved by the application of the Six Sigma in the field of banking. A special questionnaire was designed to survey the research sample consisting of all senior management employees in private banks, which consisted of 25 questionnaire forms distributed to private banks in Najaf.
The results of the research have reached the availability of the basic requirements necessary for the Six Sigma application, such as administrative, human and technical requirements, and also reached the confirmation of the senior management that excellence in customer service is one of its most important goals and its readiness to support the Six Sigma application, and the results showed the lack of financial support for the use of external experts, as well as the lack of financial support for the purchase of Six Sigma technologies and programs, either in terms of the impact of the Six Sigma application.Based on the optimistic expectations of the senior management for the desired quality, it was concluded that there is a preliminary approval by the senior management that the application of the Six Sigma technology has an impact on improving the quality of banking services based on the optimistic perceptions of the senior management towards the impact of this application.

The phenomenon of migration in general and forced migration in particular is one of the most dangerous population movements facing the Iraqi society in the modern era in the light of the current conditions it is going through, and it represents one of the most important challenges that have taken on dangerous dimensions on the present and future of society as a human being and civilization, and its danger lies in its continuity in changing many demographic characteristics between the two regions of origin and arrival, and this danger is not limited to the immigrants themselves in the difficulty they suffer from in the Not only the environments and the new situation, but also their effects on the life of society as a whole in terms of social, cultural and economic aspects as a major cultural variable in society. The research came in four topics, the first topic dealt with the general theoretical framework of the research, including the problem, hypothesis, importance and methodology of the research, while the second topic reviewed the concept of forced migration and its types, the size and trends of forced migration and the geographical distribution of immigrants arriving in the city of Najaf, and the third topic included the main factors or motives of the phenomenon of forced migration of the population, while the fourth topic dealt with the effects of the forced migration movement of inbound migrants. As well as conclusions and recommendations.

The purpose of the present research is to identify the nature of the relationship between functional analysis and organizational creativity in the presidency of the University of Kufa. Its importance lies in its attempt to identify the knowledge gaps in the relationship between these variables (functional analysis and organizational creativity), as well as its attempt to address a real problem that directly affects government institutions in Iraq, and based on the random sampling method, (150) questionnaires were distributed The number of retrieved questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (110) questionnaires, with a response rate of 73%), and they were analyzed by SPSS v20 statistical software.The theoretical results showed that there is a knowledge gap to explain the nature of the relationship between research variables in government institutions in general and in the presidency of the University of Kufa and its faculties in particular, and the practical results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between functional analysis and organizational creativity, as well as the existence of a moral and positive effect of functional analysis on organizational creativity.