Islamic Sciences Journal

This study discusses the rulings of ihram and intention according to the views of Imam al-Sharwani as presented in his marginal notes on Tuḥfat al-Muḥtaj. It offers a comparative analysis of the juristic opinions across the major Islamic schools of thought regarding these issues. Chapter One outlines definitions of jurisprudence and its branches, as well as a biographical account of Imam Abd al-Ḥamid al-Sharwani, highlighting his upbringing, teachers, students, major works, and his death. Chapter Two focuses on specific issues concerning iḥram and intention, such as:
The ruling on entering ihram for Hajj before the appointed months. Jurists differ: the majority deem it valid but disliked, while some Malikis and Shafiʿis consider it invalid.
The ruling on a person performing a voluntary Hajj before completing the obligatory Hajj (Hijjat al-Islam). Opinions vary: the Hanafis and Malikis maintain that the intention is valid as made, whereas the Shafiʿis and Hanbalis argue that it defaults to the obligatory Hajj
The research is based on presenting the juristic views with their evidences from the Glorious Qur’an, Sunnah, analogy, and reasoned argument, followed by a comparative evaluation and preference for the strongest view.

This research examines the extraction of the uṣūlī (foundational) principles of farḍ (obligatory acts) and wājib (mandatory acts) from Ibn al-Sindi’s Lubāb al-Manāsik. The study is essentially a process of deriving uṣūl (principles) from furūʿ (branches).
The research plan is divided into two sections: Section One: Principles of Farḍ, comprising four subsections: Definition of farḍ linguistically and technically, The principle: “What is established by definitive evidence (dalīl qaṭʿī) is farḍ”, The principle: “Whatever is indispensable for fulfilling a farḍ is itself farḍ”, and The principle: “Farḍ indicates a single performance, not repetition.”
Section Two: Principles of Wājib, comprising two subsections:
The principle: “What is established by probabilistic evidence (dalīl ẓannī) is wājib”, and The principle: “Whatever is indispensable for fulfilling a wājib is itself wājib.”

This research, titled Cursing Between Wisdom and Evidence, was prepared by Dr. Manal bint Ḥamzah b. ʿAbd Allāh Banūnah, Associate Professor in the Department of Creed at the College of Daʿwah and Fundamentals of Religion, Umm al-Qurā University. The study explains the meaning of cursing, its resulting effects, and the theological rulings connected with it, with the aim of addressing this tongue-related issue and urging people to watch over their speech. The methodology employed is deductive, inferential, and analytical. Among its most prominent findings:
Cursing is an aggression against others, and it rebounds upon the utterer if it is not placed in its proper context.
It is impermissible for a Muslim to curse another with Allah’s curse. This is a grave matter, belonging solely to Allah, and constitutes a transgression against His limits.
It is necessary to respect Allah’s blessings and His creation, and not to curse inanimate objects, animals that have no sin, or phenomena such as the wind or time, for Allah is their Creator, Sustainer, and Controller.
In Islamic teaching, cursing is restricted to those who are deserving of it by law, such as disbelievers, or those explicitly cursed by a revealed text.
Cursing descriptions or traits is permissible according to textual evidence — but cursing specific individuals is not allowed, except in the case of someone known to have died upon disbelief, such as Abū Jahl, Abū Lahab, and the like.

The practice of treating camels with tar to cure them of scabies was well-known among Arabs, and it is mentioned in several authenticated Hadiths (Prophetic traditions) and reports from the Companions and their followers. These Hadiths and reports reveal the existence of this disease among camels and its treatment.
In this research, I have documented the Hadiths and reports related to this topic, followed by a study and analysis, and highlighted the insights that can be derived in the context of understanding the Prophetic Hadith.

This research aims to introduce Imam Badr al-Din Ibn Qadi Shahba and his book, Bidayat al-Muhtaj fi Sharh al-Minhaj, as well as his methodology in reasoning with the Prophetic Sunnah within his book. Ibn Qadi Shuhba is counted among the later imams of the Shafi‘i school and was a scholar who left a significant mark on Shafi‘i jurisprudence. Yet, many students and researchers are unaware of his scholarly rank and contributions. This called for a systematic academic study that highlights the imam, his book, and his manner of deducing from the Sunnah and the noble Hadith.
The first section of this study introduces the author and his book. The second section discusses the methodology he followed in reasoning with the Sunnah, which he regarded as the second source of Islamic legislation, showing how he employed Hadiths and reports in constructing legal rulings. His methodology gave his work enduring value, making it a book that no jurist or student of knowledge can dispense with, and establishing it as a scholarly reference in Islamic and Shafi‘i jurisprudence.

This research presents a comparative jurisprudential study between Sunni and Imam Shiite perspectives on issues related to marriage and divorce, examining key topics such as guardianship, witnesses, the contractual formula (ṣīgha), irregular (heretical) divorce, and triple divorce pronounced in a single utterance, the requirement of witnesses in divorce, and temporary marriage (mutʿah). The study systematically analyzes points of agreement and disagreement between the two schools, employing an inductive and analytical methodology to evaluate the legal evidence. Primary jurisprudential sources from both traditions are critically examined, with careful attention to textual verification and comparative analysis.
The findings indicate that the majority Sunni position upholds the necessity of a guardian, witnesses, and a verbal formula in marriage contracts. Regarding divorce, the study concludes that the most jurisprudentially sound position aligned with the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah) is that irregular divorces (ṭalāq al-bidʿah) are invalid and that a triple divorce pronounced simultaneously counts as a single revocable divorce. This view is consistent with Prophetic precedent (Sunnah) and the practices of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Furthermore, the research argues for the obligatory nature of witnesses in divorce, based on the explicit Quran injunction.

Due to the importance of the subject, I chose to examine a specific aspect of the science of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) as discussed by Imam Al-Qarafi (may Allah have mercy on him). This aspect pertains to prioritizing the recommended (Mandoob) over the obligatory (Wajib) when the benefit of the recommended action is greater and more complete in terms of the magnitude of reward. This study explores the scenarios mentioned by Imam Al-Qarafi in his works, which involve giving precedence to the recommended over the obligatory based on the greater reward and benefit. After researching the topic, I formulated a title for this principle: "The Principle of Prioritizing the Recommended over the Obligatory When Its Benefit Is Greater." Additionally, I highlighted scholars who preceded Imam Al-Qarafi in addressing this issue, particularly when it relates to the magnitude of reward and the completeness of benefit.

This research aims to introduce Imam Ibn Rushd al-Jadd (the Grandfather) and his book Al-Muqaddimat al-Mumahhidat. Imam Ibn Rushd al-Jadd is one of the prominent scholars of the Maliki school of jurisprudence, yet his contributions and methodology remain unfamiliar to many students and researchers. His approach to legal reasoning, evidence-based analysis, and preference for certain rulings in his works are often overlooked. This necessitates a concise scholarly study to highlight his significance and elucidate the methodology he employed in Al-Muqaddimat al-Mumahhidat, which addresses the legal rulings and foundational principles derived from Al-Mudawwana (a key Maliki legal text).
The first section of this research focuses on introducing Imam Ibn Rushd al-Jadd and his book, explaining its role in clarifying complex legal issues. The second section examines his methodology in deriving rulings from the Sunnah, the second primary source of Islamic jurisprudence. It defines the Sunnah linguistically and terminologically, discusses its position among Islamic legal sources, and demonstrates how Imam Ibn Rushd al-Jadd relied on authentic hadiths and narrations to construct legal arguments. The research also highlights his ability to interpret ambiguous hadiths, distinguish between authentic and weak narrations, and articulate their legal implications. This deep engagement with the Sunnah underscores his expertise and establishes his book as an indispensable reference for jurists and students alike, solidifying its status as a cornerstone of Maliki and Islamic jurisprudence

ABSTRACT
This research explores selected jurisprudential preferences regarding the rulings of Friday Prayer according to the perspective of Imam Ibn Raslan—may Allah have mercy on him—as presented in his commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud. The study consists of an introduction followed by three main sections, each divided into two subtopics:
Section One is dedicated to introducing Imam Ibn Raslan. The first subtopic discusses his personal life, while the second addresses his birth, upbringing, place of residence, and death.
Section Two focuses on the biography of Imam Abu Dawud. The first subtopic covers his personal life, and the second explores his scholarly journeys and his passing.
Section Three discusses certain jurisprudential rulings related to the Friday Prayer. The first subtopic examines the ruling on the dialogue between the preacher and the listener during the sermon, while the second investigates the ruling concerning a latecomer who does not catch at least one rak‘ah with the imam.
The research concludes with a summary of the key findings, followed by a list of sources and references..

This research, titled “Jurisprudential Aspects in Mulla ʿAlī al-Qārī’s Commentary on al-Shifāʾ”, is among the important studies that address selected jurisprudential issues found within one of the most significant Islamic works on the noble qualities of the Prophet (Peace Be Apon Him) namely Sharḥ al-Shifāʾ by Mulla ʿAlī al-Qārī.
In this study, the researcher extracted these jurisprudential matters and presented the positions of jurists regarding them, adopting a comparative approach while remaining concise in their treatment.
The research is divided into two parts: the first introduces the author and his book, and the second analyzes the jurisprudential aspects discussed therein.
May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon our Master Muḥammad, his family, and his Companions.

This study explores the positions adopted by Imam al-Rassas (may Allah have mercy on him) in his seminal work Jawharat al-Usul and Tathkirat al-Fuhul, highlighting his engagement with the opinions of earlier scholars, especially his grandfather al-Hasan al-Rassas and Imam al-Mansur bi-Allah. The research reveals that Imam al-Rassas was not merely an imitator, but rather a scholar who exercised independent reasoning (ijtihad) and preference (tarjih), sometimes agreeing with and other times opposing the views of his predecessors based on established methodological principles. The study also uncovers areas of mutual influence between Imam al-Rassas and prominent Zaydi scholars, where his views often aligned with those of Imam al-Mansur Billah on issues such as analogy-based specification (takhsis bi al-qiyas) and the definition of transmitted reports (khabar), while differing with him in other areas, such as the immediacy of commands. Additionally, the research addresses points of agreement between Imam al-Rassas and the majority of scholars in usul al-fiqh, particularly on matters like the permissibility of clarification through action, the authority of solitary reports (khabar al-wahid). Conversely, he diverged from them on issues including the necessity of notification in abrogation and stipulating the necessity of explicit clarity in expression. The research concludes by examining Imam al-Rassas's influence on subsequent Zaydi scholars, noting the limited presence of his views in later works on jurisprudential principles, despite his significant scholarly status during his time.

Praise be to Allah, by whose grace good deeds are completed. May peace and blessings be upon the Seal of the Prophets, through whom Allah concluded the divine messages, and upon his family, companions, and all who follow them in righteousness until the Day of Judgment. This research examines the non-canonical readings of Al-Yazidi as mentioned in Al-Durr Al-Masun fi ‘Ulum Al-Kitab Al-Maknun (The Preserved Pearl in the Sciences of the Hidden Book) by Abu Al-‘Abbas, Shihab Al-Din Ahmad bin Yusuf bin ‘Abd Al-Da’im, known as Al-Samin Al-Halabi (d. 756 AH), focusing on the first third of the Quran. The study defines Al-Farsh (variant readings) and anomalous readings, provides a brief biography of Al-Yazidi, and presents Al-Samin Al-Halabi’s discussions on Al-Yazidi’s readings. It also addresses potential linguistic or interpretive challenges in these readings and compares them with other canonical readings

This research presents a detailed jurisprudential analysis of one of the most profound verses of admonition in the Glorious Quran: Verse 114 of Surah Al-Baqarah. The study focuses on elucidating the linguistic and legal concepts embedded in the verse, extracting jurisprudential rulings, and examining the perspectives of classical and contemporary scholars.
The research addresses several key themes, including:
• Explanation of uncommon terms in the verse.
• The diversity of Quranic recitations (Qira’at) and their impact on meaning.
• Methodologies for deriving jurisprudential rulings from Quranic texts.
• The role of rhetorical pauses (Fawasil) in shaping derived rulings.
The study also explores the primary jurisprudential issues derived from the verse, such as:
• The prohibition of preventing Muslims from performing acts of worship in mosques.
• The prohibition of causing harm to mosques or seeking their destruction.
• The obligation to preserve mosques.
• The severe punishment for violating the sanctity of mosques.
The research concludes with a contemporary case study (a jurisprudential issue) regarding the suspension of congregational prayers in mosques due to pandemics like COVID-19. It highlights the differing opinions among modern scholars on the permissibility of such suspensions and the jurisprudential guidelines supporting each viewpoint.

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, the One and Only in His Oneness, Who guides whom He wills to His straight path. May blessings and peace be upon the noblest of Prophets and Messengers, our Master and Intercessor Muhammad, and upon his family and all his companions. This research addresses the doctrinal objectives derived from the prophetic hadiths that indicate the multiplication of good deeds, which are mentioned in the two Sahihs of Al-Bukhari and Muslim. The study selects specific examples of these hadiths, analyzing and discussing their content, highlighting their doctrinal dimensions and the faith-based meanings they contain, and employing them to enhance the correct doctrinal understanding for the Muslim individual. The study aims to serve both worldly and hereafter interests of the believers, demonstrating how the multiplication of rewards contributes to deepening conviction in Allah, strengthening belief in His Names and Attributes, reinforcing certainty in the Hereafter, and cultivating fear and love of Allah Almighty. This, in turn, motivates the Muslim to perform righteous deeds sincerely for Allah’s sake.
For this purpose, the research is entitled: “The Doctrinal Objectives in the Hadiths of Multiplication of Good Deeds – Selected Examples from Sahihain”.The research plan comprises three sections: The first section: defines the terms of the title. The second section: addresses the multiplication of good deeds based on specific timeframes.
The third section: addresses the multiplication of good deeds based on location and conditions.

Scholars have traditionally built upon the work of their predecessors in exploring certain theological issues, substantiating them with both textual and rational evidence. Among these issues is the matter of seeing the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in wakefulness and dreams. This research focuses on the vision of the Prophet in dreams, and on whether such visions can also occur in wakefulness, as discussed by Imam al-Bukhari, whose views are examined in this study. Additionally, the research addresses whether one who sees the Prophet (PBUH) can be considered a Companion (Sahabi), a topic debated among scholars.

The Treatise on Reason undertakes a scholarly study of the theory of knowledge among the theologians and philosophers, especially ancient Greek philosophy and Islamic Illuminationist philosophy, and it sets forth issues related to reason:
Among them: an explanation of the meaning of reason, which is a luminous entity used by the animal spirit for sensation, by the outward human soul for perception and knowledge, and by the inner soul — that is, the spirit stripped of matter — for gnosis, according to the capacities of each of them.
And it affirms the middle view regarding the role of reason between the Sophists and the materialists, and its relationship with the senses in completing the process of knowledge.
Among them: the directing of the causes of knowledge between unity and multiplicity, through interpreting the saying of the theologians: “the reference of all perceptions is reason,” and interpreting the well-known statement that the causes of knowledge are three — the senses, report, and reason — though they are more.
Among them: the precise investigation into the inner senses and their function in representation, and the clarification of the way of establishing them among the philosophers and theologians, and the interpretation of the denial of some theologians of them, and the clarification of which is more fitting: to subsume them under reason or to count them as causes independently.