Journal of Al-Farabi for Humanity Sciences (JFHS)

Seeking knowledge holds a high status in Islam and is one of the blessings God bestowed upon Adam (peace be upon him), teaching him all the names and then testing him before the angels. The texts indicating this meaning are numerous, and God Almighty has given us one of the best examples in seeking knowledge from scholars. Our topic on the etiquettes of seeking knowledge in the story of Moses (peace be upon him) is the best evidence for seeking knowledge, as seen in part of the verses of Surah Al-Kahf. Through this, we first understand the importance of knowledge and the etiquette in seeking it, listening to advice from those with more experience in life, and enduring hardship in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding. Secondly, we explore the journey of Moses (peace be upon him) with the righteous man, Al-Khidr, to seek knowledge and certainty in God's decree and patience with it. Moses is God's prophet and messenger, who spoke directly to God from behind a veil and was the most knowledgeable of the Israelites with the Torah revealed to him.This research includes four sections. The first section covers etiquette, knowledge, Moses, and Al-Khidr (peace be upon them). The second section discusses the virtue of knowledge and learning in the Quran and the virtue of knowledge and learning in the Sunnah and the sayings of the Companions. The third section addresses the etiquettes of the scholar through the story of Moses and Al-Khidr (peace be upon them). The fourth section includes the etiquettes of the learner through the story of Moses and Al-Khidr (peace be upon them), and the characteristics of the successful teacher (Al-Khidr, peace be upon him), and the etiquettes of the learner (Prophet Moses, peace be upon him). The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the research, followed by sources and references.KEY WORDS:
Etiquettes of the Scholar and the Learner, Story of Moses and Al-Khidr.

Dealing with the subject of (the verses of reprehensible greed in the Holy Qur’an) is an analytical study. These verses talk about a reprehensible characteristic, which is reprehensible greed and its connection to human behaviour. The Qur’an has condemned and rejected these behaviors in its verses. The study of this topic has emerged in two sections. The first is an objective study on the word reprehensible greed and the attitude towards it. Islam is based on greed, analyzing words in language, examining the readings found in the verses, rhetoric, parsing, general meaning, and what can be learned from the text, and God is the Grantor of success

Abstract
Praise be to Allah, who by His grace is good, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, the pride of beings, and on his family and companions.After:After my study of these verses blessed, and after my writing for this brief research has reached the results, the most important of which:- The Holy Quran is the basis of the protection of thought and the principle of moderation and mediation, calling for its signs and provisions and ethics, and intellectual security is a requirement for the education of the generations and the emerging in the era of openness and globalization and urbanization and civilization and the opening of the East to the West., But the achievement of intellectual security is a strong fence and a fortress immune to the protection of society in general and young people, especially from any thought of intruder or destructive.- The Quran has purified the Muslim mind of superstition, magic, sorcery, illusion, and the claim of knowledge of the unseen, so as to protect the mind so as not to be controlled by the myths and illusions that the people of sorcery, And adhere to the curriculum doctrine and Sharia

Abstract
One of the reasons for studying the historical approaches of the interpreters of the Holy Quran is to understand the relationship between history and interpretation. Therefore, we decided to conduct a research study titled Historical Narrations in the Methodology of Ibn Jurayj (d. 150) in His Interpretation of the Holy Quran due to its importance in examining his method and style in the historical presentation of narratives in his interpretation of the Quran. This period was significant as it bridged the time of preserving narratives in the hearts of the Companions and their followers and the time when recording and classifying books became necessary to preserve the narratives, hadiths, and Sharia from being lost, especially during periods of political, intellectual, and religious conflict.This study presents a brief summary of the life of the interpreter, the scholar Abdul Malik bin Jurayj (d. 150), and an overview of his methodology and style. It highlights the most important contributions to the Quranic narrative (Quranic stories), including narrations with symbolic or significant meanings, narrations with historical relevance, and narrations related to the reasons for the revelation of specific verses. Additionally, it explores narrations of hadiths from the Prophets Sunnah and examines the most prominent objections to Ibn Jurayj's historical narrations. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of the relationship between history and interpretation and to analyze the role of interpreters and their methodologies in establishing interpretation as a tool for historical documentation.

This research aims to study and analyze the narrations of Imam Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani related to Ruqyah, which are found in the book "Fath al-Qadeer" by Imam Ibn al-Humam. The study conducts a comparative fiqh analysis between the views of al-Shaybani and those of scholars from other Islamic schools of thought. The research focuses on reviewing and analyzing the narrations in their fiqh context, clarifying their impact on Hanafi jurisprudence and their applications in Sharia rulings, in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and highlight the significance of these narrations in Islamic jurisprudence.Keywords: (Al-Shaybani, Narrations, Ruqyah, Fath al-Qadeer).

Abstract:
This research, entitled (Narrations of the Companion Laqit Ibn Sabra in the Six Books, an Analytical Study) came to show us the status and standing of the Companion Laqit Ibn Sabra among the hadith scholars, and that he is trustworthy and well-versed and memorized, and I showed what the narrations he narrated included benefits and others. My research included this On an introduction, and the personal and scientific biography of the narrator, as well as a presentation of his narrations in the six books only, as his narrations were in the four Sunans and he did not have a narration in the two Sahihs, and his narrations were in the obligation of zakat, and what was mentioned in dispersing one’s nose, pickling one’s fingers, and the dislike of excessive sniffing for a fasting person, and I concluded my research with a group From the results I reached.
Keywords (narratives, foundling, patience, analytical)

Abstract
The science of jurisprudential rules is a science of great importance. Its greatness lies in that it is the comprehensive rules by which the mujtahid arrives at controlling the Shari’a jurisprudence through these rules، which have always been the basis for extracting the Shari’a rulings، as it has an impact on the differences of jurisprudence in deriving the jurisprudential rulings from the Shari’a principles، and on this basis this research was organized in Jurisprudential rules (experiences and customs and their impact on worldly interests and evils)1-Experiments 2-Corrputions 3- Rules 4- Habits 5- Worldliness

The common and accepted marriage among the vast majority of Arabs before Islam was a marriage based on engagement, dowry, offer and acceptance, meaning that a man would propose to a man his daughter or his female guardian and specify her dowry, then conclude the marriage contract. The Quraysh and most of the Arab tribes followed this method of marriage, due to their great interest in lineage and their preservation of it. This is the marriage that Islam approved. The Arabs in the pre-Islamic era did not approve of marriage or recognize its legitimacy if a dowry was not paid. Any marriage that violated this was considered to be a sin, fornication and adultery, because the dowry was, to them, a sign of a woman’s honor and that she was free, chaste and had full rights. They saw this marriage as moral nobility, and they saw anything that violated it as meanness and a cause for shame. Badal marriage (shighar marriage) is an ancient social tradition that is believed to strengthen and solidify family relationships, preserve family customs and traditions, and most importantly, preserve wealth or inheritance within the family atmosphere. Badal marriage is famous among Bedouin and rural families and has extended to small families to preserve their roots. Therefore, we advise everyone and warn parents against forcing their children, males and females, into badal marriage, and not to link the fate of the first family to the fate of the second family, and not to automatically transfer problems and disputes from the first to the second

Abstract
Research:
The guest holds a position of great importance in Arab culture, and honoring guests is considered one of the noble morals commanded by Islam. It is one of the good qualities that prophets and righteous people were known for, indicating generosity of character and demonstrating selflessness and chivalry.
The manifestations of honoring guests are numerous, including welcoming them, meeting them with a cheerful face, and protecting them from harm.
Arabs have long been famous for honoring guests and considering it a principle in Arab culture and customs. This is what the Holy Quran came with and what Islam urged.
Hospitality is what the Holy Quran immortalized in the context of the guests of our master Abraham (peace be upon him), and this hospitality has remained prevalent among the peoples of the earth, despite the differences in environments. They inherit it despite the differences in their customs and cultures, which determine the values of societies and their traditions that make good things good and bad things ugly.
In this research, I have addressed the verses of groups of guests in the Holy Quran according to the difference in their numbers and the sayings mentioned in this word (guest). Then, I explained the ugliness of the act of the people of Lot and the ugliness of bad habits and the effect they have on changing a person to bring him shame.

Summary
Distinguished by our research this, which is in our hands now mention the fatalities that reached the slave if he did to the torment of the Day of Resurrection, and away from Paradise and win it, which is very many, but we limited ourselves to mention its tasks and mothers, and we showed these deaths through what we dealt with in our research of detectives and demands, the first section came with three demands: The first requirement: arrogance, the second requirement: hypocrisy, and the third requirement: Envy, hatred, cheating, lack of mercy for Muslims and mistrust of them. The second section has four demands: the first requirement: love of the world, the second requirement: the love of prestige and money, the third requirement: scarcity and miserliness, and the fourth requirement: vanity In conclusion, I came to a conclusion: that whoever adheres to these deaths, works with them and does not leave them, will reach the torment of the Day of Resurrection and eternity in the fire of hell, and this is the belief of every Muslim who believes in God Almighty and performs his orders and stays away from his prohibitions

The Al Sunna Al Nabawiya is considered as the second resource of the legislation resources after the Holy Quran which has a great status among the Islamic scholars in general and the modernist scholars in special, so it is a pride for this nation because it kept its heritage and its religion from loss, and it kept its Ahadeeth (prophet Muhammad's sayings) from distortion and substitution. The modifying science is considered as one of the most important sciences because the acknowledgement of the utterances indications which are used by the modifying scholars is considered as the essence of this science, and through these utterances and statements we can judge the correction of the Hadeeth, as well as alleging it or leaving it. Hence, the utterances of the old scholars is considered as the separator in judging the narrator of the Hadeeth and his rank in narration
Opening words: Statement, Vocabularies, Utterances, Modifying, Critical

Abstract
Tha'lab is one of the imams of language, literature and grammar. He is the third man in the Kufa school. He adhered to the method of the professorship of Al-Kisa'i and Al-Farra as his method depended on the audible speech of the Arabs. He, may God have mercy on him, had a distinguished effort in serving the Arabic language, which is the language of the Holy Quran. He was credited with establishing the Kufa school and had opinions spread in the books of grammarians. The importance of the study appears in revealing this unique scholar by presenting the issues of initiation and abrogation in his book Al-Majalis and clarifying them by supporting these issues with other books that talked about them.Study objectives :The research aims through the study to the following :The first objective: To highlight the issues of initiation and abrogation mentioned in the book Majalis Tha'lab and to stand on them with description and analysis.The second objective: The book is worthy of study and research.The third objective: To support the Arabic library and supply it so that it reveals what is composed in this book of pearls in the science of grammar.The fourth objective: To get to know this great scholar as the head of the Kufa school and a scholar of the language in general in grammar and morphology in particular.Study Methodology :I used this descriptive analytical method in my research because it is appropriate for the subject of the study. Description and analysis are among the methods of Arabic linguists in dealing with language issues. Describing the issues of initiation and abrogation in the councils of Tha'lab and then linking and analyzing them with the issues of grammar in the books of other scholars leads us to convincing results. I hope to God that I have succeeded in that ((and may God bless our master Muhammad and his family and companions and grant them peace)).Keywords: Councils, Fox, subject and predicate, “kana” and its sisters, “in” and its sisters, “zanna” and its sisters.

Summary
In this research , we will talk about the nature of the transmitted metaphor and its relationships, as the transmitted metaphor is part of a science in language called the science of rhetoric, and this science is concerned with the language so that it , It is more eloquent, and it helps the writer to express his meanings in different ways. The interpretation of (Gardens of the Spirit and Basil in the Rawabi of the Sciences of the Qur'an) by Sheikh Al-All amah Muhammad Al-Amin bin Abdullah Al-Armi Al-Alawi Al-Harari ( may God have mercy on him ) , is a huge interpretation consisting of thirty – three Folded and printed . Its author is one of the great scholars and authors of books . The author collected it from ancient and contemporary sources . It is a book full of various arts , unique in its Kind , and solid in its style . During my research , I relied on the interpretations of great ancient scholars such as al – Tabari , AI – Zamakhshari , Ibn AI- Jawzi and others .

Summary
Text cohesion is one of the modern trends in the study of linguistic texts. Its nature and foundations were crystallized in the last quarter of the past century by Halliday and Ruqayya Hassan, and those who followed them in this field. The research at hand attempts to document the foundations of text cohesion between heritage and the West, and reveals the function of this. The new trend, and attempts to draw the attention of researchers to how to invest this trend in linguistic research by answering the following questions:
1- Is text cohesion really a new science?
2- What is the relationship between the cohesion of the text that we read in foreign books, and what ancient Arab scholars did in analyzing texts?
4- What are the objectives of research into text cohesion?
The importance of this study lies in our belief; In that it went beyond the sentence as a final framework for analysis, and made the recipient a fundamental partner whose role in receiving and understanding the text should not be ignored, and that the study was not theoretical opinions far from the spirit of the Arabic text; Rather, the theory was followed by application to the most eloquent and sacred text that Arabic is proud of. Since the applied field of textual analysis - especially in Western contributions - did not go beyond journalistic texts, articles, or from the mind of the authors of these books, the need was greatest to choose a literary text on the one hand, a sacred text on the other hand, and an eloquent text on the third hand, and the most important text available. It contains these conditions (the Holy Qur’an), and therefore one of the reasons for choosing this topic was also the library’s need to apply the principles of this modern theory to a sacred text.The research relied mainly on some ancient Arabic references, some books of hadith scholars on linguistics, and it also relied on quite a few foreign references, but it dealt in detail with what Halliday and Ruqayyah Hassan did in their book: “Coherence in English” and Salki in his writing. : “Text and Discourse Analysis.”We have adopted the method of description and historical progression in presenting the details of the research. To make the picture of change clear, we divided it into an introduction, an introduction, two sections, and a list of the most important results. In the introduction, we discussed the definition of the topic, the objectives of the study, and the research methodology. Then we presented in the introduction some of the terms that the research deals with and need clarification. Then we talked in the first section about coherence. Text in Arabic linguistic research briefly, and we focused on what is related to the foundations of textual cohesion. Then the second section presented what Western scholars had done in this field, and at the end of the research we recorded the most important results we reached through studying the textual cohesion between the ancients and the moderns.

Research summary
This research aims to apply the phenomenon of dialogic obligation, which is one of the most important concepts of the deliberative lesson, to the most famous novels of the modern era, and the most important text with a dialogical character in Arabic literature, the novel (The Curlew’s Prayer), as this novel raises an extremely important social issue, which is the issue of injustice. The Arab woman in the Egyptian countryside with great boldness, in which the late dean of Arabic literature, Taha Hussein, formulated the parties to the dialogue in a way that includes many non-explicit meanings that are deduced by violating the rules of dialogue that Grice established in order to make the dialogue process between the interlocutors successful. This is because in most cases the apparent statement does not match the speaker’s implicit intention, and here The importance of Arayes' rules appears in discourse analysis

Abstract
The study aims to explain the characteristic of renewal in the Islamic personality in the writings of Abu Al-Hasan Al-Nadawi, as Al-Nadawi dealt with a number of Islamic figures who had a role in renewal and reform, such as Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz, Imam Ahmed bin Hanbal, Imam Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ash’ari, Imam Al-Ghazali . Renewal includes many areas, such as political reform, reviving the Islamic system, preserving Islam, eliminating temptations and heresies, and correcting deviations, intellectual and behavioral, especially since attempts at renewal and reform, fighting ignorance and darkness, resisting destructive movements and the deviant current and temptations, and presenting the correct teachings of Islam are connected and continuing in the history of Islam without interruption.

ABSTRACT
The issue of choice and direction in man, and the question that comes to mind as to whether man is guided or given choice, has occupied a large space in the research and writings of the ancients, as well as the moderns. Because it is one of the thorny issues in faith, and the evidence regarding it is many and conflicting. This is the reason that prompted me to write about this topic, so that I might be one of those who brought the dispute closer and clarified matters. I chose to clarify the relationship between choice and management and its relationship to predestination and destiny, so my research was entitled (The dialectic of the relationship between choice and management and predestination and destiny).The research consisted of six sub-chapters in which I talked about the topic of the research, with an introduction and a conclusion that included the most important results I

Summary
This research deals with the topic of (refuting synonymy in the Holy Qur’an on a concrete and abstract scale). It deals with the concept of synonymy, and the position of scholars on it, ancient and modern, in terms of proving and denying its occurrence in the language in general, and the Holy Qur’an in particular.The research is nothing but an attempt to refute this phenomenon in the Mighty and Miraculous Book of God, by identifying the precise meanings between words that are close in meaning, the most prominent of which is the meaning of the concrete and the abstract, which is an important criterion in denying this phenomenon.The research has shown that some of the words that are thought to be synonymous in the Holy Qur’an have a sensory meaning, while some have an abstract mental meaning, and it is not possible to put them in place of others and have the same meaning. This indicates the accuracy of the Great Qur’an’s choice of its words, and that everything in it is intentional. Because every word in it is distinguished by a precise meaning that no other word similar to it is distinguished from, and from here we are guided to the secret of its miracle, the beauty of its style, and the eloquence of its words and

The city of Cordoba occupies a prominent position among the cities of Andalusia, distinguished by its large area, moderate climate, multiple regions, the beauty of its landmarks, the diversity of its economic wealth, the breadth of its markets, and the solidity of its civilization. The location of Cordoba, its political standing, and its economic wealth among the cities of Andalusia made it a market and a commercial complex in which goods were placed from every side. Cordoba was the transportation hub between the countries of the Islamic East and Europe, as it was a bridge on the Guadalquivir River and a foundation for the international roads that passed through it. Every country has its own currency that merchants and others deal with. During the eras of conquest and governors, the Andalusians traded gold dinars, which were a coin. The Umayyad dirhams in Andalusia are modeled on the Umayyad dirhams in the East, as money was and still is one of the important means of financial dealing that was used in the Arab Islamic countries, including Andalusia. The great diversity in commercial transactions and their methods in Cordoba does not differ from the previous Islamic capitals in the East. Key words: Cordoba, commercial transactions, Andalusia

the introduction
Central Asia was distinguished by its strategic location in the middle between the East and the West, which helped in the Islamic conquests that it witnessed and enabled the spread of Islam there and the formation of tribal groups there. The conflicts had a civilizational impact on the peoples of Central Asia, and this was clear evidence of the strength of the Arabs and their political and planning organizations, and this was what It is clear in calling it the country of Transoxiana, and many Arab historians have expressed their interest in documenting military campaigns, including Al-Tabari, Al-Baladhuri and others, and all of them were interested in clarifying the ambitions of the Arabs and their struggle to reach the character of the peoples who were able to conquer their countries with an Arab-Islamic character, and this was clear through the correspondence between the leader of Fatah. Central Asia, and the authority of the Umayyads, which explains the desire of the Arabs to organize their campaigns and mechanisms to spread Islam and settle the tribes and their influence on the peoples of Central Asia, which some sources have overlooked. The reason for these campaigns is that the Arabic language became the language of science in the eighth century AD, and despite the many definitions of this region, it is There is no agreed definition that is universally accepted; Because Central Asia was historically interconnected, it was a crossroads for the movement of people and ideas between Europe, the Middle East, and South Asia. It was sometimes called Inner Asia, as it was located in the area of the Eurasian continent, and their languages were Persian, Turkish, and Uzbek. Settlement of tribes, historical events, Central Asia

Summary:
This research aims to show the size of financial revenues and expenditures in the first Umayyad and Abbasid eras, and to attempt to highlight the sources of revenues and methods of financial expenditures, in addition to the reform and renewal efforts and financial and administrative control of both systems and a comparison between them. This research reveals to us the emergence of economic financial systems since the beginning of the emergence of the Islamic State and the emergence of The Islamic economy reflects the features of these systems, despite all the political difficulties and disagreements that accompanied the financial system in these two eras. The first topic included financial revenues and expenditures in the Umayyad era, divided into two demands: the first: financial revenues in the Umayyad era, and in the second section: financial expenditures in the Umayyad era. The Umayyad era, then the second section came: Financial revenues and expenditures in the first Abbasid era. This section was divided into two topics: The first: Financial revenues and expenditures in the first Abbasid era. The second section came: Financial expenditures in the first Abbasid era, and then a brief statement and explanation. After each request, a comparison between revenues and financial expenditures in the Umayyad and Abbasid era in the aforementioned period (40_234 AH / 660_846 AD), to show the size of revenues and financial expenditures in each era and a comparison between them.
Keywords: financial revenues, financial expenditures, comparison of the Umayyad and Abbasid eras

beliefs had a profound and significant impact on the spiritual and material life of ancient Yemenis, influencing various aspects of their existence. They viewed the gods as integral to their lives, prompting them to worship and draw closer to these deities through a variety of rituals and ceremonies. They offered sacrifices, and at times, dedicated their fortresses, towers, homes, lands, and even themselves and their animals in hopes of gaining the favor and protection of the gods.The religious beliefs underwent several phases of development, reflecting the transitions within Yemeni society from a nomadic lifestyle to one of stability and urbanization. These beliefs mirrored the spiritual mindset of primitive, mobile communities, which revered the surrounding natural elements due to their direct impact on daily life.Priesthood emerged as a means of communication between the deities and the people, with the leader of the community or tribe often assuming the role of the priest. This leader was responsible for establishing the religious teachings pertinent to the group, which typically ended with their death, paving the way for a new leader to introduce new doctrines, thus contributing to the continuous evolution of religious thought within the society.

Abstract
In this study, we decided to shed light on the American educational activity in Lebanon through the Ottoman Empire for the period between 1841 and 1876 AD, in order to show how the United States of America gained independence, despite the delay in its exploitation, to spread its influence in the Ottoman Empire through its missionary missions that were taken from modern education. Among religious minorities and other sects, the Ottoman Empire’s neglect of this issue over the previous periods was independent, in addition to its goal of finding a foothold for itself in the Ottoman Empire and the Levant in general and in Lebanon in particular. Therefore, the topic was chosenThe research was divided into an introduction and several topics. The first topic talked about the geographical division in Lebanon during the Ottoman era, while the second topic dealt with the beginning of American Christian missionary activity in Lebanon (Beirut and Mount Lebanon Province), and the third topic talked about American educational activity in the Beirut Province 1841-1876. As for the fourth topic, it talked about American schools in Lebanon (the state of Beirut and Mount Lebanon) through the Ottoman dialects, then the conclusion, list of sources, and English summary came after that The study relied on many sources, the first of which is the Ottoman Salmanat, which is considered an important Ottoman documentary source, in addition to many other sources that provided us with everything we needed to produce the research in this way.

Search Summary:
The research is summarized in the following points:
1. Imam Muhammad Al-Tahir Ibn Ashour is considered one of The masters of science and time , the author of useful books whos fame has reached the horizons , including his book . Isnt the morning near –Arab – Islamic education historical study and reformist opinions , and it is abook that stems from those who surrounded science and education with news and in it he identified the areas of defects and mistakes . He expressed his opinions on the method of reforming educational curricula in Islamic universities . so I wanted my studies to be in his refor mist views and their role in cognitive integration in the curricula of Islamic universities.
2. At the end of the research . we reached several results , the most important of which is the different of the fopics of the Islamic sciences does not at all prevent integration between them at the level of the curricula . we believe that this is aphenomenon that is nat limited of Islmic sciences abne . but rather includes almost all of the scences carriclum specialists have decided cognitive. ore search scholars believe that the development of knowledge is dependent on the ability of the research and scientist to imp kment asset of methods to collect knowledge , or dismantle it , and analyzeit , and this is what we find sheikh Ibn Ashour focused on with great emphasis . Especiauy in his book , Isnt the morning near? He succeeded in de veloping (Al-zaytouna university) and its advancement , especiauy in this aspeet. integration, know ledge curricula, reform, universities(

Research Summary
The actor uses his tools (the body and the voice) to distinguish himself from the character he is playing with all its emotions, feelings, and feelings. Without these tools, the actor cannot communicate his ideas. Being easy to identify with the actor’s tools and their functions in the theater requires many steps in order to master these tools and their functions in modern theater performances, and from Here it was necessary to present a study concerned with the actor and its functions. This study was divided into four chapters. The first (the initial framework) involved the research problem, the importance of the research, the need for and the goal of the research, the limits of the research, and defining terms. As for the second chapter (the theoretical framework), it was divided into two sections. first The body and its functions, a historical overview, as well as the body and its functions in modern theatre, while the second section included the voice and its functions in modern theater, the actor’s tools and their functions according to modern theater directors, and indicators of the theoretical framework. As for the third chapter (research procedures), it included the research community, the research sample, the research tool, the research methodology, and the analysis of the sample represented by With the theatrical performance of the brutal wedding, while the fourth chapter was enriched with results, conclusions, footnotes, a list of sources, and a summary in English. The research came out with a number of results and conclusions, the most prominent of which are:
1. Paying attention to the actor’s tools (body and voice) and the diversity of their performance, movements, and movements throughout the show.
2. The external dialogue (dialogue) is the dominant dialogue throughout the show between the actors, while the internal dialogue (monologue) was little in the show

Organizations seek to provide their employees with administrative empowerment, and this is done through several strategies, the most important of which is enhancing strategic awareness, which comes as a result of a set of knowledge, skills, and trends that affect a large part of the employee’s job, role, or responsibilities and are linked to his performance in this regard. Therefore, the research addressed the role of administrative empowerment. In enhancing strategic awareness among employees, an analytical study of the opinions of a sample of employees in the Directorate of Communications and Informatics in Salah al-Din Governorate. The aim of the research is to demonstrate the relationship of administrative empowerment to enhancing strategic awareness among employees by examining the variables of administrative empowerment, which are delegation of powers, training, and motivating employees, as an independent variable, and its relationship with the dependent variable. A questionnaire was prepared and its forms were distributed to a random sample of employees in the Directorate of Communications and Informatics in Salah al-Din Governorate, consisting of (150) divided according to qualification and administrative capacity, from which (112) were retrieved, meaning that the number of valid questionnaires is equivalent to approximately (74%) of the original population. The program (SPSS.V.23) was chosen and we followed the descriptive analytical research approach. Through statistical treatment of the research sample, we came up with a set of results, including that administrative empowerment represents one of the most important strategic elements in the Directorate of Communications and Informatics in Salah al-Din Governorate, and the goals of the Directorate cannot be achieved except by qualified individuals who enjoy performance with high strategic awareness, and therefore the researchers presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which is striving And actively to hone the skills of those who hold leadership positions at all administrative levels regarding administrative empowerment and the necessity of practicing its behaviors towards employees in order to achieve organizational goals.Keywords: Administrative empowerment, enhancing strategic awareness, Directorate of Communications and Information Technology, Salah al-Din

Abstract
This research dealt with measuring the impact of the exchange rate as a tool for monetary policy to target inflation and keep it low and volatile around its target level through managing the official exchange rate determined by economic policy in Iraq according to the fixed exchange rate system. The research adopted a theoretical conceptual framework for inflation and inflation targeting and explained the concept of the exchange rate and the exchange rate channel, the transmission of the impact of the monetary policy targeting inflation. The first two chapters dealt with the descriptive graphic analysis of inflation and the exchange rate, and discussed and described the most important reasons that led to the continuation of inflation, as well as the writer of the Central Bank's policy to target inflation after 2008, which adopted the exchange rate as a nominal anchor for inflation instead of interest. The second chapter dealt with diagnosing the model variables and building the standard model for the estimated relationship for the purpose of standing and verifying the mathematical and economic logic and formulating the relationship in an expressive mathematical model. One of the most important results was to verify the significance of the relationship estimated by standard between inflation and the exchange rate by accepting the study's alternative hypothesis, as it was possible to reveal an inverse effect of the exchange rate in curbing inflation after 2008 and the years that followed, by using the distributed autoregressive model, and diagnosing the significance of the long-term relationship between the two variables. The research concluded with the conclusion of the importance of the Central Bank continuing to target inflation, reaching the recommendation within the framework of the validity of the hypothesis established for the two variables during the study period to focus on the sustainability of targeting inflation with the exchange rate as an effective tool for overall stability.

Abstract:
The latest technical and technological development has brought about a qualitative leap in all areas of life, and digital means have played an important role in criminal evidence, whether in terms of detecting, proving or denying the crime, and through these means that are now used daily and in all areas of life, and the use of digital means (such as surveillance cameras) modern and used by public authorities or individuals leads to reducing crime in monitored areas. With digital cameras, and the means help to enhance human capacity in research and investigation, and lead to increasing the human capacity of security personnel, and proving the crime through recordings and evidence obtained from digital means, and the evidence obtained from digital means supports criminal investigations and is considered material evidence of the commission of the crime, and in turn leads to a decrease in the crime rate, and an increase in public security, the types of digital means have varied and our knowledge will be limited to visual means because of their importance in the lives of individuals and their daily use in human life, Keywords, digital means, surveillance cameras.

ABSTRACT.
Human rights issues have been studied, developed, and addressed in many legal, social, political, and economic aspects. In addition, there are also issues related to these studies, such as the recognition of human rights in different societies and the degree of their observance. The growth and development of society from primitive and uncivilized to civilized, followed by the emergence and development of constitutional and political institutions that address or provide these rights. The issue of human rights is complex and multifaceted, and its interventions vary in their religious, civil, political, cultural, and social dimensions. Therefore, it has become the focus of many intellectual fields and professions. Islamic thought finds itself in establishing and codifying human rights, presenting and interpreting the text of the Qur’an, and establishing Islamic teachings and systems in all these areas to support human rights and protect them from violations. Therefore, in this study, we will address human rights in Islam through the hypothesis that human rights in the Islamic world have priority over human rights in international agreements and covenants. We will try to prove or disprove this hypothesis through three aspects: the first is the concept of rights in language and terminology, the second is the historical roots of human rights in Islam, and the third is the division of human rights in Islam, from which we can sense the general framework of human rights and human rights. Their idea of Islam.

Abstract
The principle of equality and non-discrimination is one of the basic principles in administrative law and public relations. It has a significant impact on the rights and duties of public employees. Its impact can be illustrated through rights, as the principle of equality ensures that all employees have the same opportunities in appointment, promotion, training, and rewards, regardless of gender, religion, race, or any other factors. This promotes a fair work environment and motivates employees to perform well. Government departments are prohibited from practicing any kind of discrimination against employees on the basis of factors unrelated to competence or job performance. This right ensures that all employees are treated equally. As for duties, the public employee is obligated to apply laws and policies without discrimination. He must perform his duties impartially and away from any biases or personal preferences. The public employee must always strive to ensure equality in the provision of public services, which means that all citizens must be treated equally and without discrimination. The internal policies and regulations in government institutions are based on the principle of equality, which ensures that fair and clear standards are set for evaluating employee performance, distributing rewards, and promotions. Applying the principle of equality and non-discrimination also contributes to creating a healthy and inclusive work environment, where employees feel safe and belonging. This enhances their job satisfaction and thus positively reflects on the overall performance of the organization. In short, the principle of equality and non-discrimination plays a pivotal role in regulating the relationship between the public employee and the management, ensuring a fair and stimulating work environment, and enhancing the efficiency and performance of

Abstract
After 2003 , Iraq entered a new phase by adopting the federal system as one of the forms of the state .The constituteion was approved in the reality of the Kurdistan Region with the Law of Administration of the State for the Transitional Period of 2004, whose principles stipulated basic rights and freedoms, and the separation of the three powers , as well as the formation of the Federal Supreme Court for the purpose of resolving Disputes between the central government and the Kurdistan Regional Government or other regions, and canceling any laws that conflict with the Law of Administration of the State for the Transitional Period .Through the judicial applications of the Federal Supreme Court, it did not cancel the text that violates the Constitution retroactively, but rather from the date of issuance of the ruling . The lraqi legislator should not be satisfied with canceling the text that violates the constitution only ,but rather have a role in legislating a new law that compensates individuals for the damage that they suffered from the application of the law that violates the constitution

The research addressed the following problem: To what extent are Mustansiriya University students exposed to social networking sites to follow the events of the Al-Aqsa Flood?This study belongs to descriptive studies, and within its framework, the researcher used the survey method, using the questionnaire as one of the research tools. The study aimed to know the exposure of Mustansiriya University students to social networking sites to follow the events of the Al-Aqsa Flood, as well as to know the topics and methods that the sites addressed.As for the most prominent results that the study reached, the Facebook site is the most relied upon site in searching for following the events, and that security topics are at the forefront of the topics that were addressed, and then the motive for Mustansiriya University students to follow political news and information came first among the motives, while the methods used are the hashtag method.

Abstract
The current research aims to analyze the content of the third unit (physics) of the general science book for the third grade Islamic Intermediate According to the Deep Understanding Skills , and Recognition the inclusion for these skills in physics unit , To achieve this goal , The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method, The research community was defined in the general science book for the Islamic Intermediate third grade and The research sample was the content of the book ( physics unit ) , the researcher analyzed the content based on the analysis form that included indicators of deep understanding skills consisted of (36) indicators distributed over seven skills , And depending on the explicit and implicit idea as a unit of registration , The validity of the analysis was verified by presenting it to a group of experts , and by using Cooper's equation, the stability of the analysis was calculated , In agreement with an external analyst and with the researcher and himself over time , The study concluded that there is a discrepancy in the distribution of skills at the level of the physics unit , and according to research results, many of recommendations and proposals were presented .Keywords (Content Analyzing, General Sciences Book, physics, Deep Understanding Skills)

This study aimed to identify rational and irrational thinking and its relationship to achievement motivation among a sample of students in the Arabic Language Department. In order to achieve the desired goal, the descriptive-correlational approach was adopted in this study, as it is the most appropriate approach to achieve the study objectives and answer its questions. The researcher relied on the scale of rational and irrational ideas and the scale of achievement motivation. Statistical methods were used to analyze the data for the study, as the study community consisted of all students in the stages of the Arabic Language Department, numbering (425), according to the statistics of the Arabic Language Department at the College of Basic Education, Sharqat, for the academic year (2023/2024). The study reached many results, the most important of which was the prevalence of rational thinking versus irrational thinking among the individuals of the study sample, and that rational and irrational thinking greatly affects achievement motivation among the individuals of the study sample. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to work on reducing the spread of irrational ideas, through awareness and psychological education programs, preparing awareness and guidance programs for school and university students about the dangers of irrational ideas on student behavior.
Keywords: rational thinking, irrational thinking, achievement motivation, students of the Arabic Language Department.

This study presents a review of the concept of "Gharar" (uncertainty or deception) from the perspective of Islamic law, clarifying its essence and introducing other related concepts such as sales, markets, and defects. The research examines the opinions of Islamic jurists regarding the sale of cars and the impact of Gharar in such transactions, particularly as this phenomenon has become widespread in Iraqi markets, especially in the car sales sector. Various reasons contributing to the occurrence of Gharar in these transactions are identified, such as ignorance of the true condition of the vehicle, lack of full disclosure about defects, or the possibility of some sellers manipulating the technical specifications of the cars. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the Islamic legal ruling on car sales and the impact of Gharar on the validity of these sales.

Abctract
The current research aims to identify (the effect of the electronic introductory organizer strategy in acquiring philosophical concepts among students of the Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences and developing their social interaction). The researcher adopted an experimental design with two equal groups, to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of (71) students who were intentionally selected from University of Tikrit, College of Education for Human Sciences, Department of Educational and Psychological Sciences, fourth stage. This sample was randomly divided into two groups, one of them experimental, which included (37) male and female students who studied the philosophy of education subject using the electronic introductory organizer strategy, and the other a control group, which consisted of (34) male and female students, who studied the subject in the same way. Traditional.The researcher identified 16 philosophical concepts, and in light of those concepts, the researcher prepared behavioral objectives that measure the processes of concept acquisition (definition, distinction, application). The researcher also prepared model teaching plans for both groups.
The researcher adopted two tests to measure the variables of his research. The first test was a test for the acquisition of philosophical concepts, consisting of (48) multiple-choice items. He verified its validity, reliability, and distinction, as well as conducting statistical analyzes of its items. The researcher also prepared a measure of social interaction, and the test in its final form may consist of (40) items and verified its validity, reliability and discrimination. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the test of acquisition of psychological concepts and the measure of social interaction.interaction Keywords: - electronic introductory organizer strategy, concept acquisition, social interaction

The current study aimed to reveal teaching practices and their role in improving the teaching of physics at the College of Education for Pure Sciences - University of Baghdad, and the researcher chose the research community of professors and teachers of physics. The research sample reached (68) regular university teaching with various scientific titles, and the questionnaire research tool was prepared and consisted of (27) paragraph. Which got a percentage weight (35%) and from the results of the study the researcher developed conclusions, proposals and recommendations.Keywords: Teaching practices, Physics, University Professor Physics Teacher.

ABSTRACT
The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the word wizard technique and how it may impact and influence students' writing skill development. To determine the students' level of writing proficiency, a pre- and post-test was administered to the pupils. As a result, the researcher may compare and demonstrate the strategy's effect. This study's overall goals are to ascertain how the word wizard strategy affects the development of speaking and writing abilities in students enrolled in preparatory schools, assess the students' writing proficiency, and illustrate the value of using the word wizard strategy to teach writing skills.
Ultimately, findings demonstrated that word wizard technique has a beneficial effect on the growth of writing abilities in children enrolled in preparatory schools since students were able to respond using a variety of terminology that they had acquired by using this technique.
Key words: Vocabulary learning, writing skills, word wizard strategy, EFL students
writing skill

This study deals with a linguistic phenomenon that is important in every human society, namely semantic contrast in Arabic and its equivalent in German.Since semantic contrast is considered to be the phenomenon that can formulate the semantic relationships in any language, this study highlighted the importance of this phenomenon and its impact on the understanding of all texts in which semantic contrast plays a prominent role.This contrastive research was divided into two sections. The first section dealt with this phenomenon in Arabic and shed light on what semantic contrast is, what types and forms it has. The second section focused on studying the equivalent in the German language.The research work has shown that the phenomenon of "semantic contrast" varies from language to language. In Arabic, this phenomenon includes three types of secondary phenomena, namely antonymy, contradiction and difference, while in the German language it is limited only to the phenomenon of antonymy.This comparative study will play an important role in revealing the similarities and differences between Arabic and German with regard to this phenomenon. In addition, this study will help students of Arabic and German, as well as translators from Arabic to German and vice versa, especially in understanding the semantic relationships in linguistic texts.
Keywords: linguistic phenomenon, semantic contrast, antonymy, comparative study, similarities and differences.

Abstract
The expression of repressed anger became a key element in the American women's poetry movement of the mid-twentieth century. The emotion often associated with the early stages of liberation for many women is anger. Harnessing this anger can empower individuals and strengthen their resolve. Furthermore, women have an inherent reservoir of anger, which, when directed purposefully, can combat both personal and systemic oppression. This anger, when focused, can drive significant progress and transformation. Historically, women have also used their anger as a catalyst for artistic creation as it is perceived that anger is considered one of the significant sources for female authors to reach the status of creative energy, fueling both their thematic and innovative concerns.Adrienne Rich harnessed anger in her poetry to address both societal and political issues. Her poetry, imbued with the anger from her life, not only reflects her emotional experiences but also inspires and engages readers. Hence, this paper aims at exploring how the expression of anger in Rich’s poetry is intricately linked to her worldview and how it shapes her consciousness and artistic expression. As well, it labors to probe into the role played by anger as well as its nature in selected poems of Adrienne Rich to illustrate how this emotion serves as a cognitive tool that shapes and organizes her work. It demonstrates how anger acts as a mechanism for making sense of experiences, contributing to the coherence and meaning of her poetry.
Keywords: Rich, Anger, American Poetry, Women Poetry

Abstract:
The development work and use of geographic information systems (GIS) in spatial studies contributed to improving the site management of service projects through spatial efficiency analysis, including the efficiency of solid waste compactors in Baghdad Governorate. The study showed the presence of many compactors concentrated in the city of Baghdad without its suburbs, as well as many official and unofficial sanitary landfills geographically linked to the work of these compactors, which contributed to treating a large amount of solid waste, especially in the Rusafa side with a high population density compared to the Karkh side. The analysis of the efficiency of these compactors using the empirical bayesian kriging (EBK) showed that both Mahmoudiyah and Abu Ghraib districts have least spatial solid waste treatment, especially the southwestern parts of Baghdad Governorate. that is attributed to the poor distribution of these compactors in the districts of Baghdad Governorate, which contributed to the exacerbation of the problem of waste accumulation and failure to treat it in the districts and surrounding areas in Baghdad City.
Keywords: solid waste, compactors efficiency, production, sanitary landfill, geographic information systems,

Abstract
The present paper scrutinizes and assesses the effective ways through which translators can establish cohesive ties within the target texts. Thus, they can render English commercial texts into Arabic properly. It is not straightforward that the commercial texts, as characterized by that they are purely scientific, do not imply any stylistic tool such as simile, metaphor, pun and so on. The main challenging task of translating the commercial texts lies in how to compensate and treat the linguistic as well as the semantic gaps between the two languages, i.e. English and Arabic. The study also casts some light on the pitfalls which are included in the versions of translations under investigation. All in all, the present study is an attempt to clarify the effective strategies adopted by the translators during the process of translation. The study adopts variational translation theory as a model of assessment. It is worth noting that such model has been selected since it encompasses many adaptation techniques, like: deleting, adding and condensing. According to this model, it becomes apparent that some renderings are inappropriate and in need of being reconsidered more and more.
Keywords: Cohesion, Translation, Variational, Assessment, Commercial.