Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

This study was targeted to consider the influence of previous crops and different seeding rates on yield and components of bread wheat. A factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design, with three replicates, including three seeding rates (30, 35, and 40 kg.don-1), and three kinds of arable land (Legume field, Vegetable field, and Wheat field) at two locations (Grdarasha research station and Gueer) for winter growing season 2021-2022. The results revealed that the varieties and the arable lands affected the wheat yield traits. The legume field recorded a maximum of 1000 grain weight (40.05g). The vegetable field recorded the highest value in spike length and number of grains. spike-1 (9.78 cm, 49.43) respectively, also wheat field recorded the maximum number of spike.m-2 (595.17) in the Grdarash location. While, the results of the Gueer location showed that the wheat field scored the highest value of the number of spikes.m-2, grain yield (357.00, 4955.6). inside the bracket Hawler 4 variety recorded the maximum spike length, 1000 grain weight (9.75 cm, 38.80g) , but Hawler 2 alone recorded the maximum value on the number of grains.spikes-1 (48.26) separately at Grdarash location, despite of this before location Hawler 4 variety recorded the highest in the number of spikes.m-2, spike length, and grain yield (353.85, 9.94 cm, 4829.6 kg.ha-1) respectively. In general, the seeding rate 40 kg.don-1 recorded the maximum number of spikes.m-2 (534.06, 378.67) at the Grgarasha and Gueer location.

The present study was conducted on the parasitic nematode of the freshwater cyprinid fish Capoeta trutta from Lesser Zab River passing Taqtaq District in Kurdistan Region- Iraq. The total 30 fish samples were collected twice monthly from September 2021 until the end of August 2022. They were examined and confirmed the presence of single nematode species belonging to family Philometridae, namely Philometra rischta (both gravid and non-gravid females were seen) from abdominal cavity on the testes of C. trutta. The collected nematode parasites were examined morphologically under light microscope, morphometric and meristic characters were studied, as well as the molecular study was performed by amplifying and sequencing partial 28S rDNA with primers Forward (F1: 5’-ACCCGCTGAATTTAAGCA-3’) and Reverse (R5: 5’-CTCTTCAGAGTACTTTTCAAC-3’). The results showed appearance of P. rischta for the first time in Iraq with the prevalence of (6.66%) and mean intensity (1.0).

The present study carried out in the natural forest of Mergasour. The purpose of the study to check of correlation of abiotic factors and growth of forest trees in this location for that I hypothesize that growth of trees is better in east face than west face and second I hypothesize nutrient elements are key factor for determining the growth trees. The study was including many aspects as a morphological variation of both oak species. At each face, these biometric variables measured (diameter (cm), height (m), tree branches (%)). The data analyzed as a factorial combination of the two factors; 2 faces and 2 Quercus spp., the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data computed using the Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) model (18). The multiple range test (DMRT) used to check the variations among the mean values of studied parameters. (0.05) level of possibility for the tree data. The highest mean height of autumn, winter, spring, and summer obtained were; (6.20, 6.30, 6.37 and 6.86m), of Q. infectoria trees in the East site. Which the largest value of diameter autumn, winter, spring and summer obtained were; (11.23, 11.52, 11.80 and 12.06cm) found in Q. infectoria stems at East site. And the maximum branches number obtained was; (7.0), of Q. aegilops branches in the East aspect. The result showed that plant growth response to topographic aspects, the rate of height, diameter and branches in east facet greater than the west face. There were differences in microclimate among the both faces
Although the average soil moisture content during the four seasons of the year on the east aspect is higher than on the west face.
On the other hand, soil nutrients only showed minor differences with concentrations being higher on the east face expect for potassium, which was higher on the west face.

In this study, we investigated the effect of irrigation regimen on the growth and yield of summer corn (Zea mays L.) at grain-filling stages. The experimental study was conducted during the summer season of the Iraqi Kurdistan region in 2021, in two sites in the Erbil governorate (Gueer and Qushtapa). A factorial experiment within a Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted, with three replicates, including five irrigation treatments, irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (Ep) applied via drip irrigation, I1= Irrigated plant until full maturity. I2 = Irrigated plants until 20 days after flowering (silking) then stopped. I3 = Irrigated plants two times after 20 days of flowering then stopped irrigation. I4 = irrigated plants four times after 20 days of flowering then stopped irrigation, and I5 = irrigated plants six times after 20 days of flowering then stopped irrigation. And two corn hybrids (H1= DKC6050 and H2= DKC6777). The results revealed that the Water stress during grain – filling stage caused a significant reduction in 300- grain weight, grain yield, and moisture content of grain at harvesting in both sites. The reduction of irrigation in the I2 treatment had a significant effect, not a difference Which differed from I3 and I4. moreover, I3 and I4 were different from I1 and I5. While at all irrigation treatments was no effect on ear length, number of ears/plant, number of rows/ear, number of grain/rows, plant height, and ear height. interaction between (H x I) was a significant effect on grain yield. the result of this study, the best interaction between (H2 x I1, I5) at both sites recorded a maximum value of grain yield, which is 14377 Kg. ha-1 and 14559 Kg. ha-1 in the Gueer site, while in the Qushtapa site 13859 Kg. ha-1 and 13922 Kg. ha-1. The highest value of chlorophyll content was recorded at both sites were recorded for I1 and I5. while I3 and I2 recorded the lowest Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values. The chlorophyll content was decreased with increasing irrigation reduction time. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) values were obtained for the I2 of deficit irrigation. the increased amount of water in I1 treatment (full irrigation) led to increasing grain yield. but reduced the WUE in both sites.