Rafidain journal of science

A total of 60 samples were isolated from surgical wound infections, nares, and UTI's. Eight samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus biochemical tests. These samples were collected from the Dr. Khalid General hospital in Koya city.
Analysis of plasmids that digested by EcoRI and Hind III showed that plasmids conferring different resistance phenotypes showed different restriction profiles, while plasmids conferring similar resistance phenotypes may have shared one or more bands in common.
Generally, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were highly diverse, as shown by their differing chromosome and plasmid patterns, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Plasmids isolated from surgical wound infections showed similarity with plasmids isolated from urinary tract infections depending on the antibiotic resistance and deportation gel electrophoresis. There was no similarity between the plasmids isolated from isolates of non pathogenic and pathogenic state.

Two groups of healthy mature male albino rats, fed ad libitum, were used in this study, each group of ten animals, the age of animals in the first group was 4 months and 130 – 190g in weight, and the age of animals in the second group was 12 months and 240 – 300g in weight.
After fixation of the right testis which removed from all animals, 5 blocks were prepared from each testis and one random section from each block was stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin.
The diameter of the seminiferous tubules, its lumen and the thickness of the germinal epithelium, and the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and the Leydig cells were estimated using a visopan projecting microscope to study the effect of aging on the histology of the testis.
The study showed no changes in the diameter and lumen of seminiferous tubules, and in the thickness of the germinal epithelium, while there was a significant negative changes in the number of spermatogonia, spermatoytes and Leydig cells between the animals of the two groups.
These findings reflect the correlation between aging and testis histological changes which may affect the sexual performance in males.

Rheumatoid arthritis, is a chronic multi-system disease, causes many systemic manifestation, the most characteristic of which is the symmetrical involvement of peripheral articulation by inflammatory synovitis. There is also a consideration that cellular immunity has some role in the genesis of the disease. Indeed RA has been described as T-lymphocyte –macrophage immunoregulation disorder. In this study, we evaluate the changes in serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and the role of these elements in the pathogenesis of the disease.
22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated clinically and biologically at Ibin Sina hospital in Mosul thirteen patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and 9 patients with inactive rheumatoid arthritis compared with 20 normal healthy subjects.
In the present study we observed significantly higher serum Cu levels in patients with RA compared with those in normal control subjects (p<0.0001). Cu in active patients were somewhat higher compared with non active RA patients.
On the contrary the results for serum zinc, manganese and iron levels in patients with active RA had significantly lower than that of normal control subjects (p<0.0001).A non significant difference also occur between active and inactive RA patients.
Rheumatoid arthritis induced significant changes in the level of copper, manganese and iron in rheumatoid arthritis patients but no significant changes between active and inactive patients .We therefore conclude that further studies are needed to see the effect of serum level of these minerals on the activity of RA and Researches in this side could open a new field in the management of RA at least as a complementary therapy with disease modifying anti- rheumatic drugs and biological agents, and interestingly these are dietary without side effects and inexpensive agents.

Protective effect of aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa was studied on paracetamol induced liver damage in rats by administrating the rats with 1gm/ kg of body weight of paracetamol for 21days. Pretreatment rats with 100 and 200 mg / kg of body weight of Capparis spinosa extract protected rats against paracetamol liver injury lead to significantly increasing of reduced glutathione ( GSH ), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and significantly lowering lipid peroxidation (LPO), manoldialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol and triglyceride levels .
The elevation in GSH ,CAT and SOD and reduction LPO and MDA by using aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa comparing with posetive control and returning the biochemical parameters to normalization indicated that the aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa posses strong protective property against paracetamol- induced liver damage in rats.

New aromatic polyamides have been prepared through copolymerization of a tetrazo molecule with terephthalic acid.
Electrical conductivity measurements of the pure polymers show an enhancement of the electrical conductivity with increasing the azo moieties in the backbone of the polymer. The results can be rationalized by the effect of the dipole moment of the azo group.
Doping effect with iodine was also studied. The conductivity of the investigated polymers was increased by many order of magnitude through the doping process.
The study proved that the alignment of the dipole moment of the groups along the polymeric chain will give another reason for enhancing the electrical conductivity of the polymers .

In the present work , a computational investigation has been considered on the true and a focal zoom-lens (i.e. lenses whose magnification may be changed without losing focus)for the five-cylindrical electrostatic lens system, by the aid of the simulation program LENSYS, using the finite difference method .Results are obtained as a function of the ratio of the controlling voltages. It was found that the five-cylindrical lens can be operated with the whole focus properties in a useful mode for controlling and focusing the charged particles in experimental studies.

The developing of the polepieces structure together with the geometrical parameters for the magnetic electron lenses have led to new possibilities for constructing these lenses which are used in the rotation free images of electron microscope.
The optical properties of asymmetrical magnetic projector lens of triple polepieces geometry and two air gaps of an opposite excitation were studied in detail. Radial distortion was reduced to zero, at a certain excitation, where the projector focal length reached its minimum value. Therefore, the spiral distortion was reduced by changing some parameters of polepiece, so that this lens becomes asymmetrical in shape. Furthermore radial and spiral distortions were eliminated from the lens and the focal length was shortened when the thickness of the middle polepiece (t) and the diameter of the upper polepiece (d1) were changed alternately, the free rotation in the image was obtained.

In the present work evaluation of effect of high pressure on phonon frequency spectrum for copper has been performed by using different equations of state (EOS) and evaluating lattice vibrations frequencies shift and variations of mode density under high pressure. Variation of Grüneisen parameter under high pressure has been considered in our calculations.

The present study included the recognition of alpha-methrin (Serin) and actara (Cruzer) insecticides medium lethal dose LD50, which was found to be 150 mg alpha-methrin/Kg body weight and 1875 mg actara / Kg body weight. By consideration of (LD50) values three doses of each insecticide were orally administered to male albino rats for 15 and 30 days period, to study their effects on the levels of some enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidans and lipid peroxides in serum and tissues of albino rats.
The rats were divided into 7 groups; the control group which administered with distilled water, the first to third group were administered with 2.5, 5, 10 mg /Kg body weight alpha-methrin respectively, the fourth to sixth group were administered with 100, 150, 200 mg /Kg body weight actara respectively on comparison to control group with that treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results showed a significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidant (uric acid concentration and glutathione) level and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (enzymatic antioxidant) and a significant increase in malondialdehyed level in serum blood of rats treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results also showed a significant decrease in level of glutathione accompanied with significant increase in malondialdehyed level in tissues of (brain, heart, liver and kidney). The rats which administered with different concentrations of alpha-methrin insecticide, showed more effects than that groups administeared by actara. These results indicated that the alpha-methrin has more poisonous effects than actara insecticide .

The study showed the effect of some agricultural methods in reducing the incidence of mosaic symptoms on squash plants by using mineral oil (Sunoco) at conc. 2.5% at 15 days interval by spraying the leaves, this treatment was the best one because it decreased the disease incidence to 24.6% compared with 54% in control. Also using yellow water traps and aluminum stripes to attract aphids, reduced disease incidence to 28.6 and 13.3% respectively.
The diagnostic study which conducted by using indicator plants and antisera, detected three viruses which cause mosaic symptoms: Cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic Potyvirus (ZYMV) and Watermelon mosaic Potyvirus (WMV–2). The results showed that these symptoms reduced chlorophyll content to 47.5%.

This study was conducted to determine the gross and histopathological effects caused by Topiramate (a curing drug of epilepsy) on the Central Nervous System (CNS) in the mouse Mus musculus embryos. A dose (8.4 mg/kg) of body weight (b.w.) of Topiramate, were given from 1st. to 18th. day of gestation, to pregnant mice. This caused various malformations in brain and spinal cord as 4.39% and 3.29% respectively. Histological examination showed 21.97% abnormalities of brain as exencephally, degeneration and necrosis of neurons, and large size brain. The spinal cord showed 10.98% histological defects such as abnormal position, vacuolation of neurons, congestion of dorsal blood vessel wall at the upper part of the spinal cord. In order to show folic acid role in reducing malformations, Topiramate were mixed with 0.42 mg/kg b.w. folic acid, resulting complete reduction of external malformations of brain and spinal cord 0%, and histological defects were reduced to 14.28% and 4.76% respectively. Using Topiramate with 0.84 mg/kg b.w. folic acid, they showed also complete reduction of external malformation of brain and spinal cord (0.0%). While histological defects were reduced to 6.66% and 2.5% respectively.

In this study (36) albino male rats aged 100 days treated for 6 weeks were divided into 4 groups 9 rats for each group. The first group given 0.3 ml distilled water through oral intubations as (control), second group was given a recommended dose of vitamin E (500 mg/kg B.W), the 3rd group was given a high dose of vitamin E (1000 mg/kg B.W), and the 4th group was given a very high dose of vitamin E (2000 mg/kg B.W).
All treatments did not show any significant difference (P>0.05) in adult male rats with respect to body weight, but the high and very high dose causes a significant increase in testes weight only. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in epididymal (head ,body and tail) weight with high and very high dose, and caused a significant decrease in number of epididymal sperms count and percentage of live sperms. Treatment with high and very high dose caused significant increase in percentage of dead/abnormal sperm in compared to control and recommended dose, but it caused a significant decrease in prostate/seminal vesicle weight when compared to control and recommended dose.
This study suggests that using a recommended dose of vitamin E was more safe for reproduction of adult male rats, whereas, a high and very high doses showed a negative effects on their reproduction, and may act as a pro-oxidants activity instead of anti-oxidants.

This research was performed to study the sensitivity of bacteria isolated from bacteremia in leukemia patients against antibiotics and some antineoblastic drugs and studying the bactericidal activity of leukemia patients sera. The results showed that most of the of gram positive bacteria were resistant in a high proportion to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefotaxime but they were sensitive to Vancomycin (100%), however gram negative bacterial isolates were absolutely resistant to Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin, Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprime but they showed sensitivity toward Chloramphenicol, Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin.The effect of some antineoblastic drugs on studied bacteria showed that there was no effect of these drugs on most bacteria with the specific concentration used in this experiment except that of S. aureus and S. epidermidis which showed a limited sensitivity to Daunrubicin and B. subtilis which was more sensitive against Daunrubicin and Methotrexate. Findings showed that there are differences between the bactericidal activity of serum which was obtained from Acute Lymphoplastic Leukemia (ALL) patients and normal subjects which appears that have depletion in serum bactericidal activity of (ALL) patients (which infected by bacteremia and received chemotherapy drug) toward E. coli. However, results of S. aureus showed that there was no significant difference in bactericidal activity of serum against this bacteria by both the normal serum and patients sera.

This research was conducted in the plastic houses at Horticulture Dep. College of Agriculture and Forestry Mosul University, Iraq, to study the effect of three concentrations of auxin IBA 0, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and number of eyes on cuttings with two or three eyes on rooting and growth parameters of hardwood Grape cuttings. After Twelve weeks from culture date cuttings examined for rooting and vegetative growth. Cuttings with three eyes significantly show increase in all parameters as compared with cuttings with two eyes(rooting percentage, root number and length, fresh and dry root weight, new shoots, new leaves, number and length of new shoots, fresh and dry vegetative weight parameters, at the same time the two concentrations of auxin IBA 1000 and 2000 mg/L increased significantly all rooting and vegetative parameters, except the percentage of rooting and number of new shoots. However the interaction treatment (cutting with three eyes + 1000 mg/L IBA) gave a 100% of rooting percentage, but the highest average of ( root number and length , new leaves, number and length of new shoots) resulted from cutting with three eyes treated with 2000 mg/L IBA value which reached 20.10, 8.06cm, 15.77 , 2.27 and 11.72cm respectively .

The current study was conducted in some parts of Nineveh province, and through the implementation of a radiation survey of 29 locations using the site Geiger-Mueller detector and find a mathematical equations to describe the relationship between the absorbed dose rate (μGy / hr) and the count rate (count / s). We have used three radioactive sources ( Co60, Cs137, Na22 ) with activity of 1µCi for each one to calibrate the Geiger-Mueller detector. The study revealed that the use of a source of Cs137 is the best source for the calibration of detector. the natural background radiation limits for these locations were found that to be about (0.019 mR / hr). we found that the highest dose rate were (0.22 μGy / hr) in Qaraqosh location and the lowest dose rate were (0.151 μGy / hr) in khazir location.