Rafidain journal of science

Graphics analysis, components of genetic variation and heritability, for the characters: plant height, number of vegetative branches, number of fruiting branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield, were computed from a half diallel set of seven cotton varieties (Halab90, Sp8886, Delta pine5409, Lachata, Dunn1047, Coker310 and Deer22). The variance due to dominance were generally higher than the additive for all studied characters. Graphics analysis suggested the presence of epistatic gene effects (non-allelic interaction) in high proportion for number of bolls per plant and boll weight, as well as additive gene effect with partial dominance for plant height, number of vegetative branches, number of bolls per plant, and seed cotton yield. Moderate narrow sense heritability was observed in case of plant height whereas low for the remaining characters

The reaction of thiocarbohydrazide (1) with benzilic acid (2) at the melting temperature (160-170 °C) allows an improved preparation of 3-(α,α-diphenyl-α-hydroxymethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazoline-5-thione (3).
The compound (3) reacts easily with suitable carboxylic acids in presence of phosphorous oxychloride to afford 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole ring systems (4a-g). The synthesized products were confirmed by physical and spectral methods

UV Derivative spectra were used for the direct quantitative determination of sulfacetamide sodium in distilled water. The quantification was accomplished using the integrated area under the peaks. The zero-order spectrum of sulfacetamide sodium shows an absorption band at  = 258 nm, with an max = 14900 l. mol-1. cm-1, the determination limit was (0.55-25.4) g/ml with R2 = 0.9999 and RSD =1.25 %.
The determination limits were (0.25-50.80) g/ml for both first and second-order derivatives with R2 = 0.9982, 0.9995 and RSD = 1.60 %, 2.40 % respectively. This indicates a more sensitive and accurate results as compared with the zero-order method. These methods were applied to the direct determination of the samacetamide eye drop.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of some phenothiazine derivatives as pure and in dosage form. The method is based on oxidation of phenothiazines by N-chlorosuccinimide in hydrochloric acid medium to give red coloured species having maximum absorptions in the range 516.5-534.5nm. Beer‘s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges 2-28, 2-32 and 4-40µg.ml-1 with apparent molar absorptivity of 6.16×10³, 5.89×10³ and 5.34×10³ l.mol-1.cm-1 for phenothiazine, promethazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride respectively. Additives and excipients normally found in dosage forms do not interfere

Ten Amide-ester copolymers were synthesized, whereby the sequence distribution and the used dicarboxylic acids were varied. The electric conductivity of the copolymers are determined in the pure and doped states. The results showed that two factors are important in determining the conductivity levels: the flexibility of the polymer chains, and the efficiency of conjugation along the chains. Thus acidic units that give rise to coiled chains structure, and hence flexibile segments gives high conductivity compared with acid units that give rise to extended structure and rigid segments like terephthalic acid. The introduction of saturated units that interrupts the chains conjugation decrease the electrical conductivity of the polymers.
The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity (σ) of the investigated copolymers was studied in the temperature range (303-373K). A plot of ln (σ) versus (1/T) reveals that two regions with an inflection point at the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymers. The Tg of the investigated polymers determined by this method was found to be influenced by the nature of the repeating unit of the polymers and their sequence distribution.

Some acetylenic amine derivatives containing nitrogen bases (cytosine, uracil) were synthesized through Mannich reaction which involved reaction of N-propargyl cytosine or uracil with paraformaldehyde and secondary amines. The structure of synthesized compounds have been confirmed depending on the physical and spectral data

A number of acetylenic amine (4a-e) were synthesis from propagyl p-(p-toluene sulfonamido) benzoate (3) with secondary amines via Mannich reaction. The carbonyl isothiocynate compound (5) was synthesized from the reaction of the corresponding benzoyl chloride with potassium thiocynate. This compound was converted to the corresponding thiourea compounds (6a-e), thiocarbomate (7a-d) and (8a-e) by their reaction with different amines, alcohols and phenols respectively. The structure of the synthesized compounds have been elucidated by their physical and spectral methods

A spectrophotometric method for determination of microgram amounts of phenylephrine-HCl(PE) has been proposed. The method is based on coupling of phenylephrine-HCl with diazotized 2-aminobenzothiazole in alkaline medium. The molar absorptivity of the formed dye is 6.620×103 l.mol-1. cm-1 at λ max 510 nm and Beer's law obeyed within the range of 10-250 μg of phenylephrine-HCl /25 ml (0.4 – 10 ppm). The colour reaction was highly stable and did not show a significant change in absorbance(within acceptable analytical error) up to 48 h with a relative error +0.31 to +1.07% and a relative standard deviation of ±0.95 to ±3.09%, depending on concentration level. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of phenylephrine-HCl in pharmaceutical preparation (nose drop)

FAO-56 Model was used to estimatenet Net Radiation falling on horizontal surface in Mosul, Baghdad and Nasiriyah stations for the time series (1980-2002). Results showed that there is a sort of relatedness between estimated and measured incoming short wave radiation(Rs) in the three stations, where the values of mean absolute error (M.A.E.) is not exceed (11,14,24)% in Baghdad, Nasiriyah and Mosul respectively. Rn estimated by the Model appear that Mosul station gives the lowest values of Rn in comparison with Baghdad and Nasiriyah stations, this is due to the amount of incoming solar radiation reached the earth surface. Summer months in Nasiryiah gave also values of Rn lower than that in Baghdad because of the sand storm which domain during the summer months in Nasiriyah. Two linear Regression Equations were found, the first between net radiation and net incoming short wave radiation (Rn & Rns ) and the second between net radiation and net long wave radiation (Rn & Rnl ) in each of the three stations. The correlation coefficient (R) found in the first relation is very high and ranged between (0.98 – 0.99 ), while the values of ( R ) in the second relation ranged between ( 0.67 – 0.87 ). Liner Regression Equations were also found between Rn and meteorological elements (Temperature, Relative Humidity, wind Speed and Sun Shine Ratio ) in each of the three stations.

Six population of fifth filial generation for two crosses in a six-row barley (Jezera-1× Benedict and Baraka × Arivate), each population with five groups and each group with five families in addition to their parents were used to estimate the components of genetic variance, environmental variance, average degree of dominance, broad sense heritability , narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection for grain yield and its components. Additive genetic variance values were: (1) significant at 1% level for biological yield, plant height, grain yield and 100 grain weight in the two crosses and for spike length in the first cross. (2) significant at 5% level for spike number and number of grains per spike in the two crosses and for spike length in the second cross. Narrow sense heritability recorded high values for the studied characters which lead to an increase in the values of expected genetic advance , this indicates that selection in the fifth filial generation will be effective to obtain pure lines with superior character in the two crosses

The present study includes the effect of water extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves and culture filtrate of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum on the mycelial growth of damping-off fungi of Okra, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium solani. All tested concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/ml) of the aqueous extract of O. basilicum caused significant reduction on the linear growth of the pathogenic fungi and reaching 100%, at some concentrations. The inhibition increased with the increase in concentration of the extract from 5 to 30% for both R. solani and M. phaseolina. The inhibition reached 97.04% for F. solani.
All concentrations of the extract gave the same effect on the dry weight of pathogenic fungi and caused maximum inhibition (100%) to R. solani and M. phaseolina. Addition of three concentrations 10, 20 and 30% of culture filtrate of the biocontrol fungus caused significant decrease in the growth of fungi and the effect increased with the increase in concentration to 30%. Maximum inhibition was noticed with M. phaseolina and F. solani (98.16 and 96.48% respectively). Similar reduction inhibition on the dry weight of fungi, was recorded when various concentrations of the culture filtrate of the biocontrol fungus was added to the liquid media.
Combining the aqueous extract and culture filterate of T. harzianum showed more inhibitory efficiency on the growth of all pathogenic fungi and their dry weights as compared with individual treatments alone and reached 100% at concentration 30%.

The present study included monitoring and diagnosis of tissue changes in polycystic ovary among white adult female rats, which were exposed to continuous light with an intensity of 350 lux/m2 for 14 weeks. These changes were a number of identifying cystic structures of various sizes, the absence of corpus luteum, congestion of blood vessels and ovarian hyperplasia. The study also investigated the influence of two fertility-activating drugs, as clomiphene citrate 1.6 mg/ kg of body weight for one dose estrus stage, metformin 300 mg/ kg of body weight daily. Each of the drugs was used alone or together were given for different periods 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The highest histological change were found when using them together. While no significant tissue changes were observed when using metformine alone. But the treatment with clomiphene citrate alone resulted in medium tissue changes, and were less when combining the two drugs together. The most important changes are fibrosis ovarian follicle cysts, hyperplasia in the cortex and medulla as well as the congestion of blood vessels in addition to an increase in the number of corpora lutea when they are in different atretic stages.
The study also included the estimation of concentration of malondialdehyde and glutathione in the polycystic ovary tissue exposed to continuous light. It was found that there was a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in the concentration of glutathion. In addition to that, the influence of clomiphene citrate and metformin drugs separately, or together, to estimate the concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathion in adult female ovary tissues was also investigated. Malondialdehyde concentration was high, while glutathion concentration was low when combining the two drugs. The same results were obtained in all drug treatments and their increase over different periods of time, except for the groups, which were treated with metformin.

Blood samples were collected from 24 healthy donors , 15 males and 9 females ranging in age from 23-45 years. Three blood samples were obtained from each subject, before fasting, 15 days and 29 days after fasting. Serum potassium, Magnesium, Calcium and complement C3, C4 and quantity of serum causing hemolysis for 50% of RBCs (CH50) were calculated.
The results showed a significant increase in the level of Potassium 15 days after fasting while no difference were recorded in its level after 29 days after fasting, and the results showed a significant decrease in serum Calcium level after 15 days, while no significant difference occurs after 29 days compared with its level before and after 15 days of fasting. The results showed a significant increase in the level of complement component C4 after 29 days of fasting while no significant difference were recorded in the level C3 complement component during the three experimental stages, the results also recorded a significant decrease in the amount of serum which causes hemolysis for 50% of SRBC after 29 days of fasting, and the results also showed an inverse correlation between the amount of serum causing hemolysis for 50% of SRBC and serum Magnesium level and complement C4 level, and an inverse correlation between C3 complement component and Calcium level while proportional correlation with Potassium serum level , and an inverse correlation with serum Potassium level.

This paper describes the development of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrazepam after diazotization of it’s reduced product and coupling with phloroglucinol in basic medium , to form an intense yellow – coloured , water – soluble and stable azo-dye which shows a maximum absorption at 434 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range 15 to 200 µ g/25 ml with a molar absorptivity 6.1183×104 l. mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.0046 µ g.cm-2. The relative error is ranged from -1.6 to 2.8 % and relative standard deviation from ±0.1 to ±3.3 % , depending on the concentration level.
The method has been applied successfully to the determination of nitrazepam in pharmaceutical preparation (tablet).

A new program by MATLAB-7 has been established to identify the energy levels properties of xenon even-even isotopes through the using the interacting boson model unstable limit . The parameters of the considered limit is separately calculated, once for the ground-state band and the other for the exited-state band. Since the calculated energy of the yrast-band for the considered isotopes has showed good agreement with the experimental values. As a consequence the backbending of the energy levels for each isotopes is indicated from the calculated values of the energy levels and they were in a good agreement with the experimental values. However, the electrical transition probability has also been calculated using two methods. The first has taken into consideration the experimental half life of the transition , the transition energy between two particular sequence states and the internal conversion factor which is calculated by using an interpolation method. The results have showed good agreement with that of the experimental ones. The second method of calculation of is based on , unstable limit which in turns also showed an acceptable agreement with the experimental values. Finally, the effect of the neutrons number onto the transition probability has also been investigated

The present study discusses the possibility of preparing a type of acids- resistant binder to inorganic acids from materials available in Northern Iraq, to be used in the treatment of cracks that occur in the vats or containers of acid treatment, and may also be considered as a kind of acidic mixture, or paste, that bind types of acids resistant-brick as cementing material.
This work has been focused on the available raw materials such as white Quartzite rock found in appropriate amounts in various parts of Iraq besides to the use of Sodium Silicate (Water Glass) manufactured at Ramadi Glass Factory.
The current research comprises several stages in order to identify the most appropriate conditions for the production of this type of substance (acid proof cement), where the practical side deals with the preparation of raw materials used in the manufacture of this kind of substances.
We selected Quartzite rock to prepare filling materials (fillers), of sizes ranging from (50-300) micron after crushing, grinding, milling and size classification, as well as preparation of samples of cement consisting of different percentages of constituents, and study the impact of the degree of concentration of different acids, the sinking time, and the temperature on the overall qualities of samples prepared with a view to the most appropriate mixtures approved for this purpose.
It was concluded that the most appropriate amounts of the approved mixtures that were components of the solid / liquid ratio (2: 1) and as follows:
• Sodium Silicate (Water Glass): 22 -25 part.
• Silicate powder (Quartzite): 40 -45 part.
• Na-Fluro Silicate) Na2SiF6): 4-7 part.