NTU Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences

The study its included 200 cats of different ages, genders, types of breeding, source, vaccination programs, as well as the health status. They were examined traditionally and clinically and recorded clinical signs appearing on them, and then blood samples were collected from cephalic vein. It was later transferred as soon as possible to the Microbiology Laboratory to the purpose of investigating to specific the antibodies the feline herpes virus in the blood collected from cats, an indirect ELISA test was used. The results of the clinical examination in the animals that were examined during the study showed the presence of clinical signs of varying intensity and type, as represented by the presence of secretions from the eyes with conjunctivitis, nasal secretions, abortion in pregnant females, ulcers of different sizes in the tongue and gums, in addition to that some animals were apparently healthy. The results of the serological study showed the presence of a number of positive samples of feline herpes virus of 118 cats out of a total of 200. The highest positive percentage was in the ages less than six months. In cats that suffer from ulcers in the mouth and in cats that are indoors management, in addition to the presence of a high percentage of positive samples with feline herpesvirus in imported cats compared to for local ones. It was also found through the serological study using the indirect ELISA test and the presence of the highest number of positive samples in the vaccinated cats..

The pharyngeal tonsils are lymphoepithelial structures at the opening of the respiratory system. They are covered by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and have longitudinal and transverse crypts going through them. Nodular and diffuse lymphoid tissue, connective tissue, and clusters of secretory units, surrounded by muscle and adipose tissue, intersperse these crypts.

We conducted the study on 12 sheep and 12 local goats, all clinically healthy, adult , and slaughtered at the Mosul slaughterhouse. We fixed the samples in 10% neutral buffered formalin.

The results of the X-ray study revealed that the pharyngeal tonsils of sheep and local goats are hollow in some parts but clearly visible in the posterior part of the nasopharynx, caudal to the vomer bone. Using routine and special stains for histological and histochemical studies, researchers found two types of epithelium in the tonsils of sheep and goats: reticular and non-reticular. The thickness of these epithelium types was different. We noted the interspersion of crypts of varying lengths in the epithelium, the presence of primary and secondary follicles, and dark marginal zones of lymphocytes and germinal centers. The lamina propria-submucosa had collagenous and reticular fibers under the epithelium and around the follicles. It also had adipose and glandular tissues, which were shown by secretory units and their ducts. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and Alcian blue both showed that these tissues were present. There were high-endothelial venules next to the follicles that helped lymphocytes move through both the reticular and non-reticular epithelium.

Our current study concludes that there are differences in the location, histological, and histochemical structure of the pharyngeal tonsils between sheep and goats.

Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Mosul on 20 Awassi lambs to find the effect on the blood properties and growth characteristics of Awassi lambs when using roasted, sprouted, and regular fenugreek. The average weight of the experiment animals was 25.7 ± 3.3 kg during the winter season, and the average age was 4-5 months )90 day period), The animals were divided into four groups.1stgroup represent the control. 2ndgroup the animals, 30 grams of dried fenugreek were added. 3rdgroup the animals, 30 grams of fenugreek It was exposed to heat. 4thgroup the animals, 30 grams of fenugreek were cultured for 48 hours and added to the feed of the fourth treatment. The research results indicated that there was no significant effect on the final weight, the rate of daily and total weight gain, and the carcass weights of Awassi lambs exposed to all types of fenugreek compared to the control, while a significant effect was found (P<0.05). Roasted fenugreek reduces sugar and triglycerides, sprouted fenugreek reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and raises total protein in blood serum, and urea raises protein and urea, while regular fenugreek helps reduce fat and thus has a positive effect on animals.

Organophosphorus pesticides are common causes of poisoning due to their easy access to local markets, low price, lack of awareness about them, and misuse by the user, which exposes the environment surrounding animals and birds to poisoning by these pesticides. The current study aims to provide the normal values of cholinesterase enzyme in some field animals, whose activity was measured using a simple electrical method to measure blood samples (plasma and red blood cells) of animals. References related to the normal activities of cholinesterase enzyme in a number of animals were cited, including (cows, sheep, buffalo, goats, dogs, and cats), and cholinesterase enzyme activity (ChE) was measured using the electrical measurement method. The electrical measurement method was effective, simple, accurate, and reproducible to detect exposure of animals in the natural environment to organophosphate pesticides or carbamates as an indicator of environmental pollution.

This study evaluated the antagonistic activity of fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride UPM 29in preventing the growth of pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearumisolated from barley seeds stored in Nineveh seed production companies. The greenhouse results showed that samples of barley seeds of the Mosul Aswad 1 were planted in treated soilwith the biological resistance Trichoderma viride UPM 29alone, showed high germination rates, reaching 96.66%, followed by the treatment with the chemical pesticide Raxil 2%, which reached 90%. It also showed a significant increase in the rate of plant height, the fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root systems, the length of the root system, the number of tillers, and productivity characters such as the individual and biological weight of plant and the weight of a thousand seeds.While treatment with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearumcaused a significant decrease in the percentage of seed germination, plant height rate, and characteristics of the vegetative and root systems, such as fresh and dry weight and the number of tillers per plant, thus negatively affecting productivity. However, adding the chemical pesticide Raxil at a rate of 2% and the bio resistance agent led to a decrease in the negative effect for treatment with pathogenic fungi and for all mentioned vegetative, root and production characters.

The current study was conducted in the greenhouses and laboratories of the Department of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science/University of Mosul during the academic year 2023-2024 to demonstrate the effect of the pesticide glyphosate (a herbicide) at four concentrations on the concentration of three types of amino acids and the concentration of the pesticide in the vegetative parts of pea and oat plants, in addition to the control treatment.The results showed that treatment with the pesticide glyphosate, at the fourth concentration (2.10) ml/5 liters, led to a decrease in the concentration of the three amino acids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine, as they reached (17.39), (219.61), and (245.83) ppm , respectively, compared to the control treatment for each amino acid. As for the concentration of the pesticide in the vegetative parts of the two plants, it was found that there was an increase in the concentration of the pesticide in thetwo plants whenever the concentration of the pesticide used in the research increased compared to the control treatment, as the concentration of the pesticide glyphosate in the vegetative parts of the pea reached (64.71) ppm, while the concentration of the pesticide in the oat reached (59.77) ppm when treating the plant with the pesticide at a concentration of (2.10) ml/5 liters compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (5.91) and (1.91) ppm in the vegetative parts of pea and oat plants, respectively.

The experiment was carried out using 20 genotypes obtained from the International Research Center (ICARDA) in addition to a local cultivar available in the local market, where the cultivation process took place in the research center of the Science College/ Mosul university during spring season 2019-2020 using random complete block design (R.C.B.D) To evaluate genetic variability, correlations, direct and indirect impacts between yield and yield components, path analysis, genetic variability, and correlations. Through studying the following characteristics: number of days until 50% of the plants flower, secondary branching branches/plant, height of first pod in cm, pods number per plant, number of seeds per pod, harvesting index, 100-grain weight (gm), biological yield gm, and grain yield per plant gm. Theresults showed that number of days for plants flowering at 50% and the number of main branches in a plant, as well as the secondary branches/plant, pods per plant, and 100-grain weight (gm), were found to have the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. Certain traits, including the number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, and harvest index, had a strong phenotypic and genetic link while others, like plant height, the secondary branches/plant, and the height of the first pod, did not approach the significant limit. Analysis of path coefficients (seed yield as a dependent variable) concluded that the number of seeds per plant, biomass yield, biological yield, number of tillers, and number of secondary branches in the plant had a beneficial direct impact on seed yield. When choosing the highest-yielding genotypes in chickpeas, it is crucial to consider factors like grain yield and seed weight in the pod where the phenotypic path coefficient was significant for certain traits and in the desired direction

The study was conducted from 1/10/2023 to 1/5/2024 on strawberry Camarosa cv seedlings . planted in one of the plastic houses belonging to Horticulture and Landscape Design Dep. / Agriculture and Forestry college / mosul University aim of determining the effect of adding Bio fertilizers, namely Azotobacter, which were added at three levels (0, 2 and 4 g plant-1), and Azospirillum at three levels as well (0, 2and 4 g plant-1), and two levels of mycorrhizal fungi (0 and5 g plant-1). All fertilizers from bacteria and fungi were added at once and distributed randomly. The experment was executed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and 8 plants per experimental unit. The results were statistically analyzed according to the design used, and the means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test at a probability level of 0.05. The results confirmed that adding Azotobacter, Azospirillum at levels of 4 g plant -1for each, and mycorrhizal fungi at level of 5g plant-1individually, as well as their triple interaction, significantly increased available concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil ,meanwile soil pH unsignificantly effected with the application of bio-fertilizers

This research aimed to estimate the distribution efficiency and optimality of productive resources for yellow corn (autumn crop) in Nineveh Governorate, specifically in Al-Ba'aj district, for the 2023 production season. A random sample of 75 farmers was selected, and data related to production and productive resources were collected, including (cultivated area (x1), seed quantity (x2), fertilizers (x3), human labor (x4), machinery (x5), and irrigation hours (x6)). Using quantitative analysis methods and some mathematical indicators, the production function and distribution efficiency were estimated. The double logarithmic function was chosen as the best model to represent the relationship between the studied variables.The analysis results indicated that the distribution efficiency for some productive resources (x4, x3, x2) was less than one, meaning that the added cost exceeds the added return, indicating waste in resource use and the need to reduce the use of these productive resources. In contrast, the distribution efficiency for resources (x6, x5) was greater than one,meaning that the added return exceeds the added cost, which necessitates increased use of these economic resources.The quantities of productive resources required to achieve the optimal production size per dunam were (6.176, 85.105, 3.308, 2.118, 12.84) for resources (x6, x5, x4, x3, x2) respectively, which exceed the actual quantities used. The study recommended supporting farmers to achieve optimal production utilization through the optimal use of productive resources in the production of yellow corn in the studied farms.

Sixteen rhizosphere soil samples were collected for several plants from different locations, and phenotype, microscopic, and biochemical tests were conducted on them. In this study, the two most efficient isolates were selected to study the effect of bioinoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum, and phosphate-dissolving bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, in the field experiment and two levels of organic fertilizer on Sheep waste body In two sites, the first in the fields of the College ofAgriculture and Forestry with a clay texture, and the second site in the fields for the protection of crops with an alluvial mixed texture, regarding the growth and yield of yellow maize (Zea maysL.), the isolates used in the study were grown and preserved at a temperature of 4°C until used in the field. Use two levels of organic fertilizer (0% and 2%) in two locations with different textures (clay and silty Loam). The chemical fertilizers N, P, and K were added to all treatments at one level according tothe fertilizer recommendation. Then the seeds were planted after preparing them in the carrier.The study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field, and the Duncan test was used to compare the means. The results of the study showed:1.The treatment inoculated with a mixture of A. chroococcum+ B. subtilisand fertilized with sheep waste at the clay texture outperformed all treatments about the characteristics (plant height, biological yield), and gave the highest values, reaching (323.667 cm and 19763.3 tons ha-1) on straight.2.The treatment inoculated with a mixture of A. chroococcum+ B. subtilisexcelled in the clay type, whether fertilized with organic fertilizer or not, as it gave the highest values for the character of the shoots of the plant (905,000 and 902,667 g).3.The treatment that was not inoculated and was not organically fertilized with the clay texture produced the highest percentage of oil, amounting to 6.331%, while the treatment that was inoculated with a mixture of A. chroococcum+ B. subtilisfertilized with sheep waste in Silty Loam recorded the lowest percentage of oil, amounting to 4.025%

A field experiment was conducted in the Al-Jawsaqarea (Mosul city ), using the local alfalfa crop (Medicago sativa L) as a plant indicator, to monitor the release of endogenic potassium, during 24 successive cuts biological indicators (green fodder, dry yield, and total potassium uptake) were described according to the kinetic approach by using the equations, (zero order, first order, second order, diffusion, Elovich, and power function). The results showed that the continuation of the processes of Successful mowing without potassium fertilization led to the depletion of the soluble and available forms, thus relying on the supply of potassium from the unprepared form. The results also indicated a significant variation in the values of green fodder yield, dry matter, and total potassium absorption, with a superiority for the power function equation, which obtained the highest coefficient determinant and a standard error compared to the rest equation. The equations are the biological absorption rate coefficient from the latent soil storage (0.9405), the rate coefficient of dry matter production (0.9377), and the rate coefficient of green fodder production (0.9081). The path of the biosorption process according to kinetic principles revealed the existence of two paths, the first with a high release rate (thephase available) and the second with a low release rate (non-available). The results also showed the superiority of the role of non-available potassium over both soluble and available potassium, which indicates the role of stored potassium in supplying the plant with potassium during the renewed growth stages after each mowing.

The present study aimed at identifying the effect of Ozone on the chemical and physical properties of buffalo milk including the fat, protein, solid materials, lactose, salts, specific weight and pH. the results showed that treating the buffalo milk led to slight changes in the rate of fat content, solid materials, lactose, salts, specific weight and an increase in the viscosity of the milk. when some properties of milk samples were studied, it was observed that there was a slight decrease in the viscosity of the yoghurt samples made from buffalo milk and a decrease in whey osmosis with a rise in pH. after conducting the sensed assessment, the samples of yoghurt had the highest value of appearance and color when the treatment period was (60) minutes, whilethe treatment of (40) minutes gave the highest value in terms of the flavor and no change was observed in the property of the form for all the periods of exposure to the ozone.

This study aimed to identify the species of Trichodermain potato fields in Nineveh Governorate and determine their effectiveness in controlling Rhizoctonia solani, the cause of potato stem canker disease . Six isolates of Trichodermawere isolated from potato roots, belonging to four species: T. hamatum, T. atroviride , T. harzianum, and T.longibrachiatum, and molecular identification was confirmed using ITS1 and ITS4 sequences. Different species of Trichodermashowed strong antimicrobial activity against the growth of the mycelium of R. solani , as the antimicrobial percentage ranged between 81.7% and 96.2%, and the strains T. harzianumand T. atroviriderecorded the highest antimicrobial percentages. Trichodermaculture filtrate inhibits R. solani growth 53.7% and 67.4%. T. harzianumwas superior in colony growth on different media, its ability to lower pH and produce more spores and biomass on (PDA, Czapek-Dox Agar, YEA) and at different temperatures (25, 15, 10 °C),

The study was conducted under field conditions during the autumn season of the year 2023. A detailed account was given of the population dynamics of the corn stalk borer Sesamia creticaLed. (Noctuidae:Lepidoptera) infested two Varieties of corn Zia mays (Zwan and Samoray) in three regions belong to Ninavah provedence: Mosul city, Rabiaa and Nimrod districts. To investigate major mortality factors that are responsible for the change of S. cretica on corn were identified as density-dependent factors including predation and unknown factors which are independent. Predation by Anthocoris spp., green lacewings (Chrysopela spp.), and ladybugs (Coccinella semptempunctatand C. undecimpunctata) are a significant contributor to death. Birds also played a major role in predation of larvae and pupae that fed on tissue. Results showed that photoperiod and normal female mortality rate played an important role in reducing the pest level. Results revealed that S. creticapopulation were subjected to great biotic and abiotic mortality factors which played a major role in the destruction of their mature and immature stages. The trend index of the second generations was always below 1% , while for the first generations were above 1% .

The results of the study showed the superiority of both the alcoholic and aqueous extracts in recording the highest egg mortality rates at the third and fourth concentrations (100.00 and 93.33%, respectively), while the dry powder recorded (26.67 and 36.67%). As for the mortality of third and fifth instar larvae, the alcoholic extract at the third concentration after 96 hours of treatment, and at the fourth concentration after 72 and 96 hours, recorded a mortality rate of (100.00%). Regarding the mortality rates of the fifth instar, all treatments showed gradually increasing mortality rates, especially the alcoholic extract at the fourth concentration after 96 hours, which gave the highest mortality rate (96.67%). The aqueous extract and dry powder at the final concentration recorded (86.67 and 66.67%, respectively).The pupal mortality rate with the alcoholic extract was (80.00%), while the third concentration of the same treatment recorded (73.33%), which did not differ significantly from the aqueous extract treatment at both the third and fourth concentrations (73.33%). The lowest pupal mortality rate was recorded with the dry powder (26.67%).