Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

This paper deals with a vital aspect of literature, called visual / written space,
which we mean: the exterior visual side of the poem, the way distributing lines, the
distribution of writing blocks, punctuations, etc. It was somewhat a neglected aspect by
both poets and critics alike, but modern techniques have provided an opportunity to the
aesthetic and semantic recruitment through various printing arts. Punctuations no longer
are just signs to show poses or acoustic contexts, but have became indications of
interpretive semantics in the structure of the text. The same thing has turned with the
distribution of the writing between whiteness and blackness. The Point became an
indication of different connotations, as if they are time courses or subtle arguments or
undeclared complement. More than that, some poets have gone far enough in making
the written forms as expressive methods in order to create a visual poem, to be seen by
the eye, moving away of their audio / temporal job, towards a visual/ place text. The last
idea is another matter, as our research focuses on the visual space in its audio center,
which is implicit visual power in the text with out optical advertence. So, we chose the
neutral model deliberately to prove the theory of our approach that emphasizes
importance of visual form and connotations and inspirations.

After my search in modern language research curriculum books , I noticed some
authors ideas concluded by : Arab target of language research , interesting of
voice study , effected by philosophy ideas , appointed the defaults because of
they not recommended the language , loss their virtually works and their direct
method mistakes . I produced my opinions and supported it by proofs if it is
possible .

I turned for through poetic images ignorance great artistic values, poets have excelled in
portraying aspects of life and vocabulary, as contributed fantasies poets and versatility
photographed in the formulation and Mufhomat cases in the poem ignorance.
Fantasy ignorant can not be considered only a rudimentary stage graduate have
characteristics that distinguish them from the primitive world is dealing with the facts as
independent subjects of consciousness in many cases.
No exaggeration to say that the strength of the pre-Islamic poetry plates graphic
integrated poets manage to become familiar with their parts and crossed through the
psychological concerns and various aspects of their lives.
The most important characteristic of pre-Islamic poetry ((visual impression)) who
plays fantasy in which a great important role, even if the poet seems to us as a painter
witty mastered the image using the tools expressive of analogy and metaphor and
metaphor to carry to the hearer or reader the impression carried by embodying's the best
ofanalyzed.

God has printed exalted the human soul to love beauty, praising him wherever he
found it a humanitarian instinct when all human beings, Vttrb ear to hear all the
beautiful also adores heart all beautiful and out of this was our research titled ((aesthetic
values in the hair ibn zamrak)) technical study, This has required the division of
research on two topics, their progress in preparation divided on two paragraphs, was one
of them said in a statement the concept of value and beauty, while the other; was simple
lighting for the life ibn zamrak since they must know the lines about his life before
starting to read his poetry, the first section; was in a statement aesthetic values in his
office divided on the first three points in the beauty of the beloved, and the second in
the beauty of acclaimed or the same acclaimed, and the third in the beauty of the
homeland, and came second part, the technical study divided on three points also, was
the first in the study of some of the hair styles, including the question, and the appeal,
and the second in the poetic image, Frdhana Alastarah simulations and some poems in
the picture, and the last was in the inner musical study of his hair, divided by the
repetition, alliteration, and counterpoint, followed by all of this conclusion included the
most important results, then a list of sources and references.

The scientists have recently uncovered many secrets, Quran has preceded anything
as to talk about scientific facts . There was no one has a knowledge in respect of that .
Hence Miracle of Quran lies in its scientific interpretation as to cope with the
scientific development in modern era. In this present paper ,I have indicated to the
miracle ,worships, types , definitely Prayer that has been regarded as one of physical
worshiping , together with the scientific miracle . The plan of the research includes
four researches that in return have units , I have concluded with a set of
recommendations and as follows:
The first chapter: Definition of miracle and scientific miracle.
The second chapter : Worshipping in Islam
3rd chapter: the scientific miracle in the physical worships including Prayer means
The fourth chapter: God 's miracle in Prayer .
I Ask Allah to have me pass in this respect

The research aims to determine the impact of the educational values of Islamic consumer
behavior, has included this research on the introduction and three sections, was the
following: definition of consumer behavior and its importance, and the impact of Islam in
the evaluation of consumer behavior, and the Islamic approach in the study of consumer
behavior because consumer behavior is influenced by Islamic ethics, whether in the
consumption of goods, or in dealing with advertising, marketing or in its impact on the
marketing plans followed by the manufacturers when considering the behavior of
consumers, it is important that not being simulated the West in the promotion of goods,
Most of these means pariah religiously and morally, and the need for a strict control to
prevent the exploitation people laugh at them.

This paper deals with an important era in the history of Morocco during the
Umayyad regime. This appears clearly by the great efforts of Abdul Malik bin Marwan
to bring back the countries of al- Maghreb to the Umayyad rule, and the efforts of
Commander "Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Azadi" on behalf and support of Abdul Malik; to
complete control of the Maghreb and organizing it as well. The study also analyzed the
difficulties and risks which the commander and the armies of the state have encountered
during the conquest and the military operations , in addition to the reasons and motives
that led Abdul Malik bin Marwan to select "Hassan ibn al-Nu'man" to lead his armies ;
to retrieve and reorganize al- Maghreb which rebelled against him . The study
summarizes the military operations carried out by the commander Hassan who
progressed towards al- Maghreb, defeated the Romans, conquered Cartagena, and then
fought against "Priestess" where large crowds of Berbers in the Auras Mountains
gathered to her. The result was the defeat of Hassan in the first battle, but he did not
give up, rather he asked Abdul Malik bin Marwan to reinforce him until he finally
managed to defeat and kill the Priestess in the second battle , and thus, the resistance
ended , and he controlled and organized the countries of al-Maghreb by dividing it into
several administrative regions ; to control them easier , and he entrusted workers
among the residents of the area to be in charge of Zakat .
This research tried to analyze the policy of "Hassan ibn al-Nu'man which is
characterized by tolerance for all inhabitants of al-Maghreb, without distinction of race
or religion. In addition to his efforts for the dissemination of the Islamic religion in al-
Maghreb, and the Arabization of the Berber tribes within a deliberate plan, where he
had treated those who converted to Islam among the Berbers equally with the Arabs .
As a result, the political situation witnessed stability, and the declaration of loyalty to
the Umayyad state, moreover, the leader Hassan became a beloved figure for the
population of al-Maghreb.

Intercultural families had an active role in the city of Damascus during the 6th and 7th
centuries of Hijra. They had an effective role in the life of the city, Aal Al-Zakis was the
frontrunner of these families. Their role wasn’t focused on the intellectual field only, they
were also very active in judger system and administration.. etc.
Our study focuses on Aal Al-Zakis role in the judger field and administration. The men of
the family had connections with high level leaders of the Zinki state and the Al-Ayubi state
such as Noor Al-Deen Mahmoud and Saladin Al-Ayubi who established the Ayubi state.
These connections had a clear effect on assigning a large number of the family members in
significant administrative positions especially as judges. However these connections weren't
the only reason they took those positions, they family members had a big role qualified
them to teach in some of the most important schools of Damascus at that time. These
connections were also behind many tribulations lead to their death. In addition to the
judiciary positions, some Aal Zakis were assigned in several important administrative
positions in Damascus such as mosques and Khanquaoat … etc for they had aadministrative
qualification.

This study seeks applying methodology of the spatial analysis of the governmental
departments at the city of Mafraq by using geographic information systems technology
(GIS), through spatial analysis tools that are available within the software environment of
geographic information systems, which is characterized by its ability to spatial analysis
data associated with a descriptive analytical database; in order to identify the
characteristics of the place, through the study of spatial relationships for the geographical
phenomenon, knowing the geographic distribution pattern for the geographical features,
and their spreading on the surface of the earth.
This study relied on a descriptive analytical approach at digital data processing, through
the use of some statistical methods, and graphic and cartographic representation, in order
to highlight the spatial characteristics of the governmental departments at the city of
Mafraq, as well as statistical analysis software (SPSS). The study concluded that there is a
clear disparity in the geographical distribution for the government departments; as most of
the government departments were located in the eastern side of the city of Mafraq. The
study also showed that the distribution of these departments is random.

The nature and characteristics of any place is determined by the contents of the
potential of natural resources , human and economic, therefore, these places vary
developmental inspiring natural consequence of the different functional characteristics,
that the problem of development disparities between regions and within the region go
back to non-optimal utilization of the potential and characteristics Each province,
leading to the events of balanced development (on the basis of the capabilities available
for each region, so the problem of the research is in the nature of the disparity in
development potential between the districts of the province of Babylon in the level of
investment and exploitation of which led to the difference in their levels of
development. The aim of the research: study and analysis of the reality of development
at the level of districts by one developmental methods of planning (development
potential analysis) for the purpose of access to exploit the capabilities and to identify
development priorities in the context of building the province homogeneous
functionally. To achieve this goal has been to rely on the analytical method for
quantitative reach the results sought by the search, either hypothesis Find it: determined
the priorities of development in the districts of the province of Babylon, depending on
the degree of differentiated and functional capabilities.

Specialists and researchers the affairs of the school administration lacks the tool by
which the performance of public schools administrators calendar only limited
methods rely lost on visits to the schools that carry the side inspection of the work of
the school administration and records, as personal opinions of the administrators of
schools depends on the manager, so I aim of the research the current to build a tool to
evaluate the performance of public schools administrators in Iraq in the light of their
duties within the administrative areas: (administrative, regulatory, and supervision,
and the humanitarian and community relations, and Calendar, development). The
researcher relied on building search tool on the review of the literature and research
on the assessment of school principals and disseminate model to evaluate school
principals in the light of their jobs Administrative and their missions, and the
preparation of the paragraphs of the identification of the calendar in the light of the
elements of a specimen Calendar, and the adoption of the opinions and observations
of a number of arbitrators teachers to correct and amend the paragraphs of the
questionnaire, after Extract the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, and then
prepare a questionnaire evaluate the performance of schools of general education
managers in its final form, objectivity and fairness Calendar and observe, and
flexibility of use of the competent authorities

the following secondary goals:1- The Future Expectation for the distinct students of
secondary schools.
1. The Coal orientation for the distinct students of secondary schools.
2. Difference in Future Expectation according to the variable of gender (male- female).
3. Difference in Coal orientation according to the variable of gender (male- female).
4. The relation between the Future Expectation and Coal orientation.
5. The current research restricted in the distinct students of secondary schools. Years(2014-
2015) While the result the research reached are The Future Expectation for the distinct
students of secondary schools and The Coal orientation for the distinct students of
secondary schools and The relation between the Future Expectation and Coal orientation.

Of alienation and psychological very First, the importance of research and the need to
dangerous for young people, where the distinction of being the youth a sense of
secession for the same, and this alienation eating world Eric Fromm from the angle of
"The formation of personality" and he sees that alienation is the pattern of the
experience of the individual sees himself where as if they were curious about it, young
man becomes here a separate for himself, young is the heart of the vibrant community
and preserved and protected in order to preserve the rules of the communities and the
development of young people and directing the development and reform of the
communities, and the destruction of communities and Aagalha in limbo not a result of
the alienation of young people and away from real life If we are talking about alienation
as a psychological phenomenon has spread among individuals, the transition to learning
between cities and states phenomenon has become common, forcing students to stay
away from their surroundings to live in another strange about them circumference,
increasing phenomenon of alienation unit when some of the students who are studying
in a completely different countries for their own countries, are suffering from feelings of
alienation that made them feel relatively separate from themselves or from their
communities more than ever.

The research aims to evaluate training programs from the viewpoint of supervisors
and math specialist trainees according to the four areas (the trainer, trainee,
administrative and financial system, the curriculum and the content of the training. The
data were collected in the light of a proposed questionnaire and then measure the level
of sincerity and persistence as has been the average measurement calculation (agree , I
agree sometimes, I do not agree) in the negative on the training programs from the
standpoint of supervisors and specialists trained in each of the four areas mentioned
above effects, has been applied to the search tool on a sample supervisors and
specialists trainees numbered (82) educational supervisor and specialist in public
education the province of Baghdad, all of the second school year semester (2112 -
2113) m. was used statistical package (ver10.0) spss and application-ready (Excel) and
percentages and Pearson correlation coefficient and the coefficient of correlation
Spearman Brown and statistical tables of statistical means.
The results showed that the ratios derived values for agree and sometimes disagree in
areas III and IV of the values of the ratios achieved for Disagree came highest in the
first and second areas.
The researcher recommended a single-level analysis of the respondents answered by
calculating the averages of measurement adopted in the light of the axes down to the
integration of axes on the pan all responses and the adoption of the proposed method of
analysis in the evaluation of other training programs.

Throws the current search to know the impact of learning strategy peers in the
collection of fifth grade students prep . Ensure the research community schools and high
schools for boys , and reached the research sample ( 63 students) , coined the researchers
behavioral objectives , and distributed on the topics of educational content , as the
number of behavioral objectives formulated by the (50) target behaviorally , and
distributed to the three levels of the cognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy (Bloom) of
behavioral objectives , by (15) the object of knowledge , and ( 15) the target of
understanding , and ( 20) of the target application . The researchers prepared a test of
achievement in light of the content of the book, prepared by the behavioral objectives to
measure learning strategy peers in the collection of student research sample , the
researchers identified a number of paragraphs of the achievement test (30) paragraph .
Thus enabling researchers to verify the veracity of the content and validity of test items .
The researchers use statistical methods appropriate for research and researchers
recommended that the recommendations and proposals outlined research .

The tender behavior limits the behavior selfish and desire to own without the others into account, as the selfishness and egocentrism and continuity of the child's lead to isolation and uniqueness of his views and the search for self-interest, without taking into account the social interest which negatively affects the social relations, and thus a threat to the security of society and the integrity, unity.
Targeted Find the current disclosure degree tender behavior among children of the preparatory stage, the research community of the children in the preschool class who are in kindergarten government and private children in the city of Baghdad \ Karkh second for the academic year 2012 \ 2013, was selected a sample of 40 boys and girls , by (20) children were male and 20 female child, it is clear from the foregoing that the behavior of children Riyadh Atzmon tender. As for the second special variable sex hypothesis third hypothesis specific type of kindergarten it was not statistically significant, as the gender or the type of Riyadh, whether governmental or civil have no effect on the behavior of the tender.

Emotional intelligence is reflected on the ability of a student in confronting external stresses and confronting all the emergence challenges and circumstances that enable him practicing the
scientific and social successfully, where the ability of self on confronting in the process of good
adjustment and positive confrontation of troubles problems and psychological stresses with
others. Accordingly the present research is a humble scientific attempt of knowing the relation
between these two variables in the present research a scale of self ability on confrontation has
been built. However the scientific procedures have been followed in ascertaining the validity
reliability and the discrimination of the scale. As for the emotional intelligence scale, it has been
adopted. The two scales have been applied on a sample of university student consists of (200)
male and female student equal. The researcher her arrived at the following result : university
student have characterized by having the ability to confront stresses and by having emotional
intelligence in general , but there are difference in self ability on confronting and emotional intelligence for the benefit of male students and that the relation between the two variables is positive. However, the researcher has put forward a number of recommendation and suggestion.

Death is a natural inevitable fate and the end of every creature , death anxiety is a
main source of neurotic misery and especially at the end of human life , contribute and
affect the way of life because it biggest shocking factor formulates aging psychosis.
And death anxiety of the elderly is materialize in human disappointment cases and
inability and his unsuccessful attempts failed to grasp the meaning , and the goal in life
for the elderly is to find its meaning. So it seeks for that in a way that they behave.
Therefore, a lot of neuroticism suffering and depression caused by the failure of the
elderly to find a meaningful life or finding new meanings to it, and that the elderly who
suffer from consumerism tendency have voracious behavior and unjustified towards
rational consumption for necessary goods and products to live well-off because
consumerism tendency of the elderly is a way to get rid of tension. The goal of current
research is to know- :
1- The level of death anxiety of the elderly.
2- The level of satisfaction with life goals in the elderly.
3- The level of consumerism tendency of the elderly.
4- The relationship between death anxiety and satisfaction with life goals of the
elderly.
5- The relationship between death anxiety and consumerism tendency of the
elderly.
6- The relationship between satisfaction with life goals and consumerism tendency
of the elderly.
7- Detection of correlation between death anxiety and satisfaction with life goals
and consumerism tendency in the elderly.
Research a sample included (308) retired people , men and women ,who receive
their salaries from the banks in the city of Baghdad have been selected at random , and
from analysis of retirees responses, and access to theories and previous studies, , then
obtaining to arrangement of items of death anxiety scale, consisting of (67) items , and
arrangement of items of satisfaction with life goals scale for retirees , consisting of (
66 ) items , and arrangement of items of consumerism tendency scale for retirees,
consisting of (45) items. After the use of statistical methods results showed the
following :
The level of death anxiety rate was low of the elderly , and the level of satisfaction with
life goals was high , also the results showed that the level of consumerism tendency of
the elderly was average , and in the analysis of data for the purpose of predictability in
the variable death anxiety through the independent variables ( satisfaction with life
goals and consumerism tendency ) . It has been found that the multi correlation
coefficient reached
( 0.344 ) and its function to the level of significance ( 0.05 ) , and in light of the
following results some of the recommendations and the following proposals have been
set .

Our educational corporations still face undesired administrative forms such as slow in
movement ,escape from responsibility , imposing authority, accountability and
vocational commitment which lead to weaken their effectiveness administration for
corporative performance and then effect on their results qualitatively and quantitatively
, this stressed by many conferences and studies in the educational field. For no existence
a study measuring performance administration in the secondary education corporations ,
a convince emerged in the researcher to study the variation and to know also level of
this application in these corporations.
Future of world lightening learned people because the educational system is the main
base and the beaten heart for development any society because learning system is an
integrated system and the secondary education is a basic form represents a
communication ling between the main and university education and validity of
administrative and educational leadership by adopting performance administrative
effective techniques that focusing on higher level system to improve man and organized
behavior depended on culture of higher and creative performance and done by
organization.

The aim of this study is to investigate the level of physics literacy in the students of the
Open Educational College (the teachers of mathematics and science) and its relation with
self-efficiency and accomplishment motive. The study sample consisted of 26 male and
female students from the department of science, Open Educational College, Diyala
Provence. A test was designed to assess the level of Physics Literacy, as well as adopting
two scales for self-efficiency and accomplishment motive. The results showed a decline in
the level of physics literacy in the students. It also revealed that there is a statistically
approved positive correlation between physics literacy and self-efficiency, whereas the
existence of statistically unapproved positive relation between physics literacy and
accomplishment motive. The results did not show any statistically approved difference on
the level 0.05 in the level of physics literacy related to the sex variable.

The goal of research is to know the effect of the use of active learning strategy in
the collection of material chemistry and thinking contemplative with second grade
students average, compared to the usual way, the researcher used the experimental
method to achieve the target of the search, sample consisted Find (65) Student, taken
one at random to represent the experimental group and adult number (33) students
studied according to the teaching strategy of active learning, and studied group (control
group) and of the number of members (32) students in the usual way.
The researcher prepared achievement test according to the levels of Bloom (remember,
absorb and apply), were verified from the charity and its stability, and the other test
reflective thinking and consisted of (16) items of type (multiple choice). After the end of
the experiment the test dish grades and test reflective thinking on the two sets of search ,
and the results showed a statistically significant differences in achievement and thinking
contemplative differences in favor of the experimental group that studied according to
active learning strategy.

The study aimed to identify the correlation between school justice and their
relationship to psychological security, and achieve the objectives of the study measure
applied to the study sample of (140) students, and the researcher to adopt a school
justice measure for (Nichols & God,1998) as the researcher prepare a psychological
security measure was the extraction the psychometric properties of the scale, and after
processing the data statistically using a link Pearson coefficient and test samples t to
sample one and two samples, results showed that he does not have a school justice to
the students Almrahlhalaptdaúah, and the presence of statistically significant differences
in the level of school justice differences, according to the sex variable in favor of
females, and the results showed that the sense of security psychological among primary
school pupils was average, and the presence of a statistically significant at the
psychological level of security and differences by gender variable in favor of females,
correlation between school psychological justice too, although there relational direct
and security relationship.

Animal buffalo great economic importance given much of the world wide interest in
it, did not limit the Research Center of Natural History Iraqi This interest has initiated
the creation of a suitable place him in the hall exhibits the center as a kind of positive
publicity that contribute from near or far to the definition of this tributary strong
economic assigns other economic tributaries of Iraq. Has been allocated a distinct
a reservoir in the hall.