Journal of Imam Al-Kadhum College

The research represents an important aspect of the Qur’anic study that researchers should pay attention to, by focusing on the structures of words and their use in the Holy Qur’an, with the aim of revealing the relationships linking the Qur’anic meaning and the linguistic structure, and revealing the semantic differences between the Qur’anic formula and the formula interpreted by it, which leads to reading the text within the limits of its realized formal structure, far from the sayings of deviation, assumption, and arbitrariness in guidance. The research concluded by saying that the assumed interpretive morphological formula is not suitable to replace the chosen Qur’anic formula, and is unable to accurately convey the meaning it conveys, since each morphological formula has its own significance, and the Qur’an employed its structures according to their various values and arranged in a unique stylistic manner, representing the highest levels of rhetorical sublimity.

Among the foundational principles that have drawn the attention of Usul (Islamic legal theory) scholars since the early stages of its codification is the principle of Istishab (presumption of continuity). Jurists refer to this principle when no other evidence is found regarding a specific legal ruling.
Usul scholars have cited reason (‘aql), rational practice (sīrah ‘uqalā’iyyah), consensus (ijmā‘), and traditions (akhbār) as proofs for the authority of Istishab. Among early scholars, the rational argument was considered the main evidence for its validity; hence, Istishab was classified as a speculative rational proof. This remains the dominant view among the majority.
This study seeks to examine the narrative evidence supporting the principle of Istishab (presumption of continuity), through a comparative analysis between the Shi‘a Imami school and the other major Islamic jurisprudential schools.
The Imami (Shi‘a) narrations concerning Istishab are numerous and diverse, and their hadith-based research is deep and detailed, involving extensive discussions of both the chains of transmission and the texts themselves. Therefore, I have classified the narrations into three categories, providing examples for each:
The first (and most important) category includes narrations that explicitly provide a rationale based on the major premise of Istishab (“Certainty is never overruled by doubt”). The second category is similar in content to the first but lacks the explicit rationale.
The third category supports Istishab indirectly through reference to the principles of purity (tahārah) or permissibility (hilliyyah). As for Sunni scholars, they were pioneers in using narrations to support the authority of Istishab. However, they did not comprehensively investigate the scriptural evidence. Instead, they cited one or two narrations without elaborating on how they indicate Istishab or to what extent they apply to legal rulings, given that they originally address specific legal subjects. While Sunni narrations are numerous, they are not diverse, resembling those of the second Imami category. They lack narrations comparable to the first and third Imami categories.
Because Istishab was initially viewed as a speculative rational proof, scholars among the Sunni majority historically held differing views on its validity, both in classical and modern times. A similar trend existed among early Imami scholars. However, in the past three centuries, after Istishab came to be supported by narrations and these narrations became the primary evidence for its authority, the disagreement among Imami scholars ceased. Consequently, Istishab was reclassified from a speculative rational proof to a binding legal (religious) proof based on textual worship (ta‘abbud).

The study attempts to discuss some of the hadiths narrated from Imam al-Kadhim (peace be upon him) that indicate his possession of knowledge of the unseen. Before reviewing these hadiths, some essential points are presented: a definition of knowledge of the unseen in language and terminology, then an explanation of the Islamic view of the prophets and imams (peace be upon them) possessing knowledge of the unseen. Afterwards, examples of these hadiths are reviewed to explain and analyze them, and to extract the most important values they express. Finally, the study presents a conclusion and the most prominent findings.

This research, entitled “The Consequences of Bad Suspicion in the Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them,” reviews the social effects of bad suspicion and frequent doubts that affect the nature of social relations among members of society. In light of the hadiths mentioned by the infallible Imams, peace be upon them, that address this topic, and before reviewing and explaining the hadiths, a theoretical introduction came that sought to clarify the definition of suspicion. And some synonymous words for it. Then we moved on to listing the selected hadiths in which we found realistic treatments of the subject of bad opinion and the consequences that result from it, in addition to explaining the ways that would address the phenomenon of bad opinion in society. How to replace it with good faith, which is the primary means of dealing with members of society in normal circumstances, and resort to verification before judgment, and rely on nurturing the heart with sincere faith and piety, in accordance with the directives of the Noble Sunnah and the necessity of promoting Islamic values in societies.

This research analyzes the use of deepfake technology in television advertising, based on seven carefully selected samples that reflect a variety of technical and stylistic approaches. Using content and semiotic analysis, the research employed a structured analytical guide to deconstruct the visual message in terms of content, method, and audience targeting. The study addressed three key dimensions: analytical variables, technical and marketing aspects, and audience perception. The findings reveal that deepfake is not merely a visual enhancement tool, but a strategic instrument for symbolic influence, personalization, and audience engagement. Public trust and reception vary according to the realism, context, and ethical framing of the message. The study recommends fostering audience awareness and establishing ethical media standards for the responsible use of deepfake in advertising.

The research aimed to identify the extent to which digital media skills are employed by public relations practitioners in government institutions and its impact on professional practices in these institutions. The research identified the nature of digital media and identified the professional practices that institutions are interested in achieving. A field study was conducted in the departments and directorates of Baghdad Governorate to verify its objective. A number of results were reached, the most prominent of which was that there is a statistically significant correlation between the employment of digital media skills and professional practices among public relations practitioners. The research recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the need to develop appropriate strategies within government institutions to disseminate digital culture among the public, to prepare a digital generation aware of the importance of digital media in communication, to enhance its role, and to protect society from the increasing negative effects of technology.

This study aims to explore the relationship between metacognition and critical thinking among high-achieving high school students. Metacognition refers to an individual's awareness and regulation of their thinking processes, while critical thinking involves analyzing information and making logical decisions. The study employed a descriptive correlational research design and included a sample of 200 high-achieving students from Baghdad during the 2023-2024 academic year. Two scales were developed to measure metacognition and critical thinking, and their validity and reliability were confirmed through statistical tests
The results indicated that high-achieving students exhibited high levels of both metacognition and critical thinking. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was found between metacognition and critical thinking, suggesting that enhancing metacognitive skills may contribute to improving critical thinking abilities. The study recommends integrating metacognitive and critical thinking strategies into curricula and employing interactive teaching methods to support these skills

This study explores the impact of neglecting individual learning differences on the academic performance of Iraqi students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in intermediate schools, with a focus on both gifted and struggling learners. As English language education gains prominence in Iraq's educational system, addressing learner diversity becomes essential for equitable and effective instruction. The research employs a mixed-methods approach involving standardized test data, teacher interviews, and classroom observations to assess the outcomes of undifferentiated teaching. Findings reveal that neglecting individual learning styles and abilities significantly hampers academic progress, particularly among students at the two extremes of the performance spectrum. The study advocates for the adoption of differentiated instructional strategies to enhance both engagement and achievement in EFL classrooms.