Thi-Qar Medical Journal

Tonsils play role in human beings’ immune system; however, many patients
develop recurrent tonsilitis and tonsillectomy could be the best treatment option
for them. In fact, tonsillectomy is one of the commonest surgeries performed
worldwide. People in general believe that such a procedure could make them
more susceptible to infection. For that reason, searching the effect of
tonsillectomy on getting infection with SARS COV- 2 during the pandemic
becomes important. This study evaluated the effect of tonsillectomy procedure
on the susceptibility of individual to develop with SARS COV-2 infection
during the pandemic. In this study, 112 individuals included in this study. They
were subjected to many questions include age, sex, history of tonsillectomy,
history of COVID- 19 infection confirmed by PCR test. We excluded all
patients with COVID-19 infection who did not have PCR test, patients with
tonsillectomy after COVID-19 infection, all patients with immune deficiency
status such as, diabetes mellitus (DM), AIDS, and those on immune suppressive
therapy We found that the minimum age was seven and maximum age was
eighty. Mean age was 33.62 years old. The number of males and females was
equal in this study. From thirty persons who had history of tonsillectomy, ten
had been infected with COVID-19. On the other hand, nearly half of individuals
who did not undergo tonsillectomy were infected with COVID-19. In general,
our study showed that the females were infected with COVID-19 more than
males, with 29 infected females compared to 23 infected males.Although the
number of subjects who did not have a history of tonsillectomy and had been
infected with COVID-19 was higher than that of those who developed the
infection and had undergone tonsillectomy, the difference is still not statistically
significant.

Background:The nasal cavity is divided into two passages by the nasal septum. Nasal septum deviation refers to septal convexity to one side with accompanying deformities of midline structures and associated lateral nasal wall disease. It can be either “C or S-shaped” deformity, or traumatic which is more irregular and dislocated.Aim of the study: is to establish the value of endoscopy para nasal CT in the assessment of nasal septal deviation. Patients and method: a cross sectional study conducted on (80) patients who attended the ENT clinic at AL-Habobi Teaching Hospital during the period from June 2024 to March 2025 in Al Nasiriya City. The patients examined clinically by nasal endoscopy then CT paranasal sinuses was done. Evaluation involve deviation side, septal shape, associated nasal spurs, turbinate hypertrophy, concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, the state of osteomeatal complex and sinusitis Results:.C –shaped septum seen in (75%), S –shaped in (25%). Inferior turbinate hypertrophy in (55%) and paradoxical middle turbinate in (15%) in both endoscopy and CT.Concha bullosa and osteomeatal complex obstruction seen only in CT in (47.5%) and (17.5%) respectively.Associated sinusitis in (37.5% ) and maxillary sinus is the most involved .Conclusion: CT has complementary role to endoscopy in patients with septal deviation associated with lateral nasal wall pathologies such as concha bullosa and obstructed osteomeatal complex, which cannot clearly recognized in physical examination and in cases with severe obstruction where complete access of the nasal cavity by endoscopy is difficult

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease marked by systemic inflammation and joint damage. CRP and ESR are commonly used to assess disease activity, while ANA is frequently detected in autoimmune diseases, though its role in RA remains debated. To assess the relationship of ANA, CRP, and ESR with disease activity in RA patients and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value. A case-control study was conducted at Marjan Teaching Hospital and Al-Mahaweel General Hospital with 90 participants: 60 RA patients (25 males, 35 females) and 30 healthy controls (15 males, 15 females), aged 20–55. ANA and CRP were measured using ELISA, and ESR was analyzed using standard methods. Statistical tests included Mann-Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation, and ROC curve analysis. patients had significantly elevated CRP and ESR levels compared to controls (p < 0.001). ANA was positive in 35% of patients and was linked to more severe symptoms. CRP and ESR showed a strong correlation (r = 0.79, p < 0.001), while ANA had a moderate correlation with disease severity (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). CRP and ESR had good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.905 and 0.832), while ANA was less useful diagnostically.CRP and ESR are reliable indicators of inflammation and disease activity in RA. While ANA is not a key diagnostic marker, it may suggest more severe disease when present. These markers can aid in clinical assessment and management.

H.pylori affects around half of the world's population and colonizes the stomach mucosa. This study aims to investigate the relation between white blood cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) in patients with H.pylori. A case-control study included 150 patients who had H. pylori infection who entered the center of gastrointestinal disease in Nasiriyah city, southern Iraq, and 100 healthy controls. The samples were collected during a period extending from September 2024 to January 2025, and the patients were tested by using UBT to determine the presence of H.pylori ,while healthy controls were tested by ELISA; only 25 of them were tested by UBT. The results showed all patients infected with H.pylori after being diagnosed by UBT, while healthy controls were non-infected. Also, the results show that patients are infected with H.pylori more in urban areas when compared with rural areas (p = 0.0463). The result showed significant differences in WBC count and percentage of neutrophils among patients with gastric disorders compared to control subjects (WBC p = 0.02, neutrophils p = 0.01).

The interaction between large biomolecules and ligands has attracted considerable interest due to its biological properties. Calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) can interact with biologically active compounds to form complexes. DNA is a primary target for anticancer drugs that are involved in important cellular processes.The ligand and the manganese complex MnCl2 (2-acetyl-6-bromopyridine oxime)2 were synthesized. The ligand was examined using infrared spectroscopy, CHN, 1HNMR, and 13CNM techniques. CHN elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy were also used to analyze the complex.Both compound 1 and the ligand demonstrated cross-linking with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA), and the complex demonstrated higher binding efficiency than the ligand alone. The in vitro toxicity of compound 1 was evaluated using metabolic assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide as an anticancer agent against esophageal cancer cells (SKGT-4). In SKGT-4 cells, the compound showed a significant inhibitory effect. Therefore, it could be proposed as a future anticancer drug due to its low cytotoxicity.

Thalassemia is a group of hereditary blood disorders caused by gene mutations. Beta-thalassemia major is a more severe type because the individuals require blood transfusions for survival. The renal tubular disorder is caused by anemia, iron overload and receiving specific iron chelators, which all of them can lead to renal tubular impairment. The aim of case control study was to assess the role of serum NGAL as an early marker for the diagnosis of tubular dysfunction in BTM patients. Also to investigate the effect of iron chelator on tubular function. The study includes 60 beta-TM patients. The control group includes 30 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A treated with Deferoxamine (DFO) and group B treated with Deferasirox (DFX). Blood iron, Serum NGAL and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine were measured in patients and controls. Patients in the study had higher Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) values than controls, which is statistically significant. S.NGAL shows a statistically significant difference between the patients and control group.Urinary ACR and serum NGAL are considered an early marker of renal tubular dysfunction in BTM. Both Deferasirox and Deferoxamine produce changes in the tubular function.

One of the main bacterial infections for pregnant women is urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs during pregnancy are made easier by the physiological and anatomical changes. Bacteria that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have proliferated globally in recent decades. As the primary ESBL-producing bacteria, Escherichia coli are highly valued as one of the most significant causal agents of nosocomial infections worldwide.The purpose of the study was genotypic and phenotyping detection of ESBL Producing Escherichia coli and its prevalence in pregnant women.All urine samples cultured and diagnosed by biochemical test. The positive culture for E.coli streaked on Muller Hinton media for antibiotic susceptibility. Then MDR species were used to assess the presence of ESBL by phentyping and genotyping methods.The antibiotics sensitivity results are 27 (77.1 %) sensitive to CIP and C 25 (71.4 %). resistance to CRO 8 (22.8 %), CTX 10 (28.5 %), AMC 23 (65.7 %). The genotyping showed that from 14 isolates of ESBL, 8 (57.14 %) were positive for CTX-M gene. The most frequent cause of UTIs is E. coli, and the creation of ESBL makes treatment plans more difficult and increases resistance to standard antibiotics

Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative coccobacillus and a critical global health threat due to its high antibiotic resistance, particularly in hospital settings and intensive care units (ICUs). As an ESKAPE pathogen, it causes severe infections such as pneumonia, wound infections, and bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.This study aimed to characterize A. baumannii clinical isolates in Southern Iraq, determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, and identify key resistance genes. A total of 50 clinical isolates were collected from Nasiriyah and Al-Hussein Hospitals, including sputum (28%), burns (48.3%), and blood samples (24%). Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK-Compact system, while molecular characterization was carried out using PCR to detect resistance genes. Among the isolates, high resistance rates were observed in MDR strains, particularly to ampicillin-sulbactam (95%), cefazoline (95%), piperacillin (90%), doxycycline (90%), ceftazidime (80%), cefotaxime (80%), ciprofloxacin (80%), levofloxacin (75%), ceftriaxone (75%), and imipenem (50%). Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of resistance genes including blaOXA-51, BAP, CsuE, and OmpA. The findings reveal an alarming prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in clinical settings in Southern Iraq, highlighting the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship programs, strict infection control measures, and the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to combat these resistant pathogens.

Using electroencephalography (EEG), a unique screening method has been developed to diagnose epileptic episodes. Deep learning is one of the disciplines of artificial intelligence (DL), which is a broad field. Before the emergence of deep learning, traditional machine learning methods that involved feature extraction were used. This restricted their performance to the skill of the people who crafted the features by hand. On the other hand, feature extraction and categorization in DL are fully automated. Significant progress has been made in many fields of medicine since the introduction of these procedures, including the diagnosis of epileptic seizures. Findings indicate that the proposed strategy outperforms cutting-edge techniques with a dataset showing 95.43% accuracy, 0.95% precision, 0.96% recall, and 0.96% F1 score.

In many nations, diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal failure and a major predictor of death and morbidity among diabetic patients. Preventing or early intervention to treat diabetes requires identifying the association between certain biomarkers and high protein levels in patients. Angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL-4) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) were the most researched among these biomarkers. The participants depended on urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) levels in classification of diabetic nephropathy. The study involved 176 individuals divided into four groups. The controls (44 as a healthy participant). Diabetic groups divided into three groups: Normoalbuminurea (no kidney disease and (UACR) levels within the normal range (<30 mg/g), Microalbuminuria (diabetic kidney disease patients with moderately increased UACR 30–300 mg/g), and Macroalbuminuria (diabetic kidney disease patients with severely increased UACR >300 mg/g).
Determination the levels of serum (ANGPLT-4, and FGF-23) and association with early detection and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

A straightforward, accurate, quick, and inexpensive conductometric approach has been described for determining chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations utilizing sodium hydroxide, Silver Nitrate, and sodium tetraphenylborate (TPB). The proposed method is based on the cation association of the drug with the anion of the base used . Sodium hydroxide was used instead of TPB and AgNO3 because it is a strong, effective, readily available, inexpensive base that dissolves easily in water. The solution's conductivity was measured in relation to the titrant volume. The substance under study was tested in double-distilled water at concentrations between 0.39 and 1.9 mg. The effect of different temperatures (20-55°C) on the endpoint was evaluated. The obtained results demonstrated positive recovery rates (94%-102%) with a relative standard deviation less than 1.0% for chlorpheniramine maleate. These medications' pharmaceutical compositions were successfully analyzed using the suggested methods.

Back ground
End stage kidney disease (ESKD) is most commonly caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in affluent nations, including the US. It is a microvascular complication that can arise in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Aims of the study: Understanding the connection between vitamin D and Cytokine levels in diabetic nephropathy patients.Result : The study's 90 participants (40 women and 50 men) showed a wide variety of ages, with most of them being between 45 and 82. The study compared the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and several kidney function parameters in males and females, showing differences in the levels 8 OHDG, AGEs and oxidative stress Biomarkers. The comparison of oxidative stress biomarker (MDA, 8OHDG, AOPP, HNE4 and AGE) between patient and control groups has been carried out.
Conclusions: It has been observed that the values of kidney efficiency parameters are affected in diabetic patients after a number of years, and as a result this leads to an increase in the values of these parameters, which ultimately leads to kidney damage or severe damage, which makes the people concerned need to undergo dialysis or even a kidney transplant, or in late cases it may lead to death.

The metallic nanoparticles production has attracted much attention lately because of their growing use in the medicinal sciences and engineering. They may be modified with specific functional groups to interact with medications and antibodies in an efficient manner, these nanoparticles are particularly interesting because of their special nanotechnology capabilities. Mostly between 10 and 100 nm in size, among other traits metallic nanoparticles have surface plasmon resonance and special optical qualities.
The subject of this study is Fusarium proliferatum, That was isolated from a soil sample, in order to find out its potential as a biocatalyst for the manufacture of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its potential to withstand multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The evaluation was The fungus's ability to endure different heavy metals. From the findings, Fusarium proliferatum shown resistance to a several heavy metals at variant concentrations, such as copper (Cu) , nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), and mercury (Hg). Range of tolerance was shown depending on the metal, the colony formation of Fusarium proliferatum showed with certain strains being extremely resistant, moderately tolerant, or susceptible.
By removing heavy metals from contaminated soils, this strain of Fusarium proliferatum has the ability to be used in bioremediation. Also, encouraging antibacterial qualities was shown by using the creation of Ag nanoparticles, That made them useful against microbes which are resistant to many drugs.

Obesity has become more prevalent in the recent decades and is expected to become one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century, especially in low- and middle-income countries. According to UNICEF and WHO estimates, in 2000, about 30 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese, and this number rising significantly to 37 million children in 2022. Obesity rates among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years also increased 10-fold between 1975 and 2022. In 2022, 159 million (65 million girls and 94 million boys) were obese, compared to 11 million (5 million girls and 6 million boys) in 1975. In Iraq, the number of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years who are overweight reached 5 564 610 in 2020, and the number is expected to rise to about 9 472 248 in 2035, which puts them at constant risk of complications of obesity, which is expected to reduce the average lifespan of children by half in the future.
Objectives of this study:
1.Definition of overweight and obesity in children and knowledge of the causes and risk factors leading to obesity and its consequences on children’s physical and psychological health and its negative effects on family and community.
2.Providing recommendations and proposals that include health and nutritional awareness programs for children, parents, health center workers, educational process managers in the schools and kindergartens, and local governments to combat obesity and detect it in its early stages and develop treatment plans to
control excess weight.

Background: The association between serum adiponectin levels and acute myocardial infarction, particularly how adiponectin predicts the development of acute myocardial infarction in patients, remains unresolved. Hence, we aimed to determine whether higher adiponectin levels predict cardiovascular events and mortality in these patients.
Methods: At Al-Nasiriyah Heart Hospital, 60 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 60 healthy controls participated in a case-control study. ELISA was used to measure serum ADIPOQ levels, and fluorescent immunoassay was used to measure Hs-TnI levels. Serum creatinine, blood urea, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fasting blood glucose were also measured.
Results: When comparing AMI patients with the control group, the mean body mass index (BMI), glomerular filtration rate, urea, creatinine, and Hs-TnI levels were significantly higher. On the other hand, adiponectin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate were considerably lower in patients who had experienced an acute myocardial infarction.
Conclusion: Patients with MI have significantly lower serum AdipoQ levels, which are linked to elevated cardiac injury markers (Hs-TnI) and compromised renal function.

Late motherhood refers to pregnancy at 35 years or older. The frequency of late births has increased since the 1980s due to factors such as improved healthcare, career and education opportunities for women, and evolving societal norms. While it offers advantages, later motherhood also presents physical and psychosocial challenges that occur after childbearing.To assessing the physical and psychosocial health challenges associated with late motherhood.This study employed a quantitative design/ Cross-sectional study using purposive sampling was conducted at Raniya City, from September 2024 to May 2025. Data were collected using a constructed questionnaire based on a review of relevant literature and standardized psychological assessment tools, and it had a reliability coefficient of r = 0. 922.Out of 180 participants, 52.8% were aged 35–38 years old, and 83.9% were housewives. Most had caesarean deliveries (75%). A lot of mothers said they experienced physical challenges, and Most mothers said that they weren't depressed, but they did have moderate anxiety, and Social challenges were less experienced. The study found significant associations between workload intensity and physical, anxiety, and social challenges. Furthermore, income level was associated with both physical and psychological challenges.Late motherhood is associated with a range of physical and psychosocial challenges, particularly anxiety and physical strain. Despite these challenges, most women reported low levels of depression, positive social support, and good adaptation to their roles.

Hypertrophic scarring represents an aberrant response to burn injuriese result of excess collagen deposition. It maps present for months while keloid scars, which may never regress over time. This is a cross-sectional study that was performed at AlNasiriya Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar Province during the period from November 1, 2024, to February 1, 2025. The goal was to determine the incidence and functional characteristics of hypertrophic scars in burn patients. Structured interviews and a questionnaire-based form were used for data collection, including demographic data and evaluation of burn injuries (burn cause, burn severity, location, signs and symptoms, hypertrophic scar formation, and treatment interventions). A total of 20 subjects were included in the study, with 10 subjects per age range (15–30 years and 31–50 years). 60% of the sample was male, and 55% of participants were from rural regions. The most frequent injury was a thermal burn (70%), followed by oil burns (20%) and chemical burns (10%). The most common site for scars was the lower limb (30%). These findings illustrate the clinical features and demographic variables of burn injuries in the study population. The majority were second-degree burns. The most frequent site of scarring was the lower limb and pruritus developed as the most frequent symptom.