Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

The vocative is a person that the poet evokes in the text to
embody and express turbulent feelings, feelings that range between
sadness, joy, pain and complaint. His presence in the text contains
artistic and aesthetic motives that carry cognitive and pictorial values.
The research was based on an artistic textual study of the forms of the
vocative’s presence in the text of Al-Muhalhil bin Rabi’ah, which varied
between an imaginary vocative and a real one. The poet used them to
create a social psychological context rich in intense feelings. He
produced his text within the framework of an interactive social and
cultural structure to achieve a form of effective communication that
has the ability to influence the audience, especially since the vocative
is a form of communication and understanding. The formation of the
vocative scene is subject to the authority of his social status, whether
imaginary or real, and with the linguistic and intellectual means
necessary for persuasion.

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الملخ ص
The study aims to reveal the issues and content that Al Jazeera
and BBC podcasts aim to show, as global and Arab satellite channels
have been interested in refining podcasts and employing them in the
field of news coverage of global events, including political, social,
cultural, and historical events, by shedding light on topics and issues,
researching them, and analyzing their aspects, which helps the listener
build a clear picture of all the events and issues that interest him, as it
arranges the audience’s priorities according to the events and provides
him with information and data that give him a picture to understand
the events. In this research, we focused on the news coverage in Al
Jazeera and BBC podcasts of the Zionist aggression on the Gaza Strip; It
was found that podcasts in both institutions have a role in news
coverage by hosting political and security figures specialized in events,
especially since podcasts are an important interactive news platform
that played a major role in covering events in Gaza, which provided the
public with a wider space to understand the issues and daily events that
Gaza is exposed to as a result of the Zionist aggression, especially since
the nature of news podcasts can target various age groups and may be
specific from listeners according to the nature of the news content
presented, which makes it a powerful media outlet and an effective tool
in conveying information and news, especially since the media has
taken podcasts as a platform or space to publish issues that concern the
public, and it has become more interested and interactive with the
public through the advantages it enjoys, especially since it has become
a tool for documenting stories that happen to people, in addition to
being a means of reaching decision-makers, encouraging listeners and
contributing to strengthening public opinion on public issues.

This research seeks to study the phenomenon of repetition and
its patterns in the poetry collection "The Salt of Iraq is a Trust in My
Provisions" by the poet "Ghazai Dira' Al-Ta'i", a phenomenon that gives
the poetic text a semantic and aesthetic value that clearly contributes
to establishing the structure of the text, especially since it reflects through
its connotations the poet's emotional and psychological state within
the folds of the poetic text. In this research, we followed the descriptive
and analytical approach through which we show the expressive
connotations and artistic stimuli behind this phenomenon. The research
was divided into an introduction, a preface, and six chapters. In the
introduction, I explained the reason for choosing the text and the research
plan. The preface included "the semantic stimulus of the title". In the
first chapter, I studied "the repetition of letters". The second chapter dealt
with "graphic repetition". The third chapter addressed "the repetition of
the beginning or introductory", the fourth chapter employed "the repetition
of the conclusion or ending", the fifth chapter presented "the repetition
of proximity", and the sixth chapter carried "the repetition of derivation".
The research ended with a conclusion and a list of sources and references

Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon the Messenger
of God, his family, his companions, and those who follow him. After
that :
This research studies the grammatical conditions of Al-Ra’ini in
his explanation of Ibn Mu’ti’s Alfiyyah, which the reader may use to
clarify what is difficult for him in parsing the words of the Arabic
language in the dual and the sound masculine plural. As for dividing
the research, I divided it into two sections: The first included: the
general conditions in the dual, and the second: the general conditions
in the sound masculine plural, then I concluded it with the results

The Arab poet uses the technique of seduction as a rhetorical
technique that contributes to improving and perfecting the poetic
statement in order to broadcast it and intend to spread it, and thus
this technique is widely known in Arabic literature. It is useful to say:
Arabic poetry is lyrical or narrative poetry, and therefore this technique
is very useful for the lyrical and narrative structures. Seduction is
considered one of the rhetorical techniques; as the poet gradually
progresses in the event, he narrates to reach a point where he achieves
surprise, astonishment and amazement for the reader.
Seduction in the poetic poem is concerned with the development
and growth of the event, and it occurs especially in those poems that
are characterized by multiple purposes in one poem, as they bear
the features of seduction, and the question worth asking is: Did the
poet Katheer Azza rely on the technique of seduction in his poetry

This study aims to shed light on the efforts of modernists,
specifically the efforts made in developing the language that produced
for us a number of different terms in modern linguistic studies; and
because the ambiguity in it still constitutes a barrier between it and
the general concepts and rules established by scholars, this study
came to standardize the meanings of these terms, and to define them
to remove the ambiguity and know their purposes; because all fields
of science need the science of terminology, through which the purposes
and rulings, and the doctrines of scholars, are known, and theories
are translated, and from here it becomes clear that the study of
terminology is one of the most important studies

The research initially enters the circle of criticism of criticism
when it deals with a group of critical studies on the novel “Black Music”
by Najman Yassin, which is an autobiographical novel in which the
self-narrator recounts his experience with the American occupation of
Iraq, where he spent a period of time detained in the prisons of this
occupation. The novel depicts the process of detention and the cruel,
inhuman torture of the character (the narrator, the hero, the main
character). The novel was subjected to a group of readings, approaches,
and articles that he collected in a book that he prepared and presented
entitled “Anthem in Hell,” which was collected and presented by “Dr.
Muhammad Najman Yassin.”
Our research dealt with these readings, approaches, and articles
with criticism and methodological treatment in light of the general and
specific narrative paths of the novel. We tried to place what belongs to
the category of the celebratory critical article, which is the most
common, in a special part of the research, and to place only two studies
in another part dedicated to critical discourse, due to the importance of
such books that require a critical review of the critical opinions they
contain within specific methodological and critical controls. We tried to
subject each article or reading to a careful examination of what it
presented and what it reached in terms of results on the level of the

The importance of the research lies in that it sheds light on the
beauty of the image in Ibn al-Abbar's poetry, which is a rich material in
similes, metaphors and metonymies. The search was conducted for the
places of beauty, strength of expression and clarity of meaning. The
importance of this research is evident in that it is a study prepared
according to rhetorical considerations, as this appears in shedding light
on the beauty of the image in the rhetorical lesson and identifying the
features that made a creative text rich with dynamic connotations and
aesthetic features that take it out of the static language at its rhetorical
level to expressive horizons that give it the quality of uniqueness and
creativity, and highlighting the aesthetic values through analysis and
description of images in Ibn al-Abbar's poetry, who was creative in his
use of simile in his poetry and he used it well in his various poetic
purposes, including praise, love, pride and other purposes. If the
scholars had dealt with simile alone, simile would have been sufficient
for the study. As for metaphor, it had a large share in Ibn al-Abbar's
poetry, as he has images that are established and built upon in his
poetry, as they are the most important tools of depiction. The self has
received great attention in formulating the image and reshaping the
linguistic pictorial structure. Partial images cannot show the lines of the
image, as each image completes its sister, like a brick in a building

This research aims to study how e-marketing techniques can be
used to enhance public relations strategies, in light of the digital revolution
that has changed the concepts of commerce and marketing. The research
seeks to bridge the knowledge gap resulting from the scarcity of studies
linking e-marketing and public relations strategies, with a focus on the
application of these strategies at Amazon. The central question of the
study is: What is the most important e-marketing techniques that can
be used to enhance public relations strategies? The research followed
the descriptive analytical approach, as data was collected from 300
Amazon employees using the research tool, which was an electronic
questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The statistical analysis
tools also included Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Pearson's correlation
coefficient, ratios and frequencies, arithmetic mean and standard deviation,
and simple linear regression equation. The results showed that emarketing
techniques such as social networking sites, website services,
and email services have a significant impact on the effectiveness of
public relations strategies at Amazon. It was found that these technologies
help improve communication with the target audience, and enhance
the company's image and reputation in the market. In the end, several
recommendations were presented to companies to improve public
relations strategies using e-marketing techniques. The recommendations
included working on developing integrated e-marketing strategies, in
addition to using digital analytics to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing
campaigns, and adapting to ongoing technological changes to improve
communication with the public and enhance brand loyalty

The study aims to know the news coverage of the European
Nations League Euro 2024 matches that Kooora website focused on,
and to identify the news coverage that Kooora website focused on
regarding coaches, players and sports teams.
The researcher used the survey method, and used the
comprehensive inventory method, by inventorying all news related to
the European Nations League Euro 2024 that was published in the
period from (6/14/2024) to (7/14/2024).
The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of
which are:
1. The results of the study showed that Kooora website gave
attention in its news coverage to the category of tournament
matches, as it came in first place, and the repetitions of this
category reached (152) repetitions.
2. The results of the study showed that Kooora website gave
second place to sports teams, with repetitions reaching (134)
repetitions, and the players category came in third place with
repetitions reaching (93) repetitions, and the coaches category
came in fourth place with repetitions reaching (88) repetitions.
3. The results of the study showed that Kooora website focused
to a great extent on presenting facts within the category of
processing methods and obtained first place and the highest

The Russian-Ukrainian war is considered one of the most prominent
international events in the first decade of the twenty-first century. This
war has formed a major axis of international journalistic discourse. The
study aims to reveal the trends of journalistic discourse of the New York
Times website towards international crises that are addressed in news
coverage. Identify the sources that the New York Times relied on in its
coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Identify the evidence paths
that it used to produce journalistic discourse of the New York Times
website in its coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Identify the
reference frameworks for the discourse of the Russian-Ukrainian war
on the New York Times website. Interpret the trends of journalistic
discourse presented on the New York Times website. The study relied
on the media survey method and relied on the media discourse analysis
tool. The study reached the following results: It relied primarily on
newspaper columns in describing opinion articles. The types of speeches
that addressed the Russian-Ukrainian war on the New York Times
website relied on predictive speech, followed by critical and offensive
speech. It adopted speech strategies towards the Russian-Ukrainian
war, which is diagnosing the current situation, then analyzing events
and presenting reasons. The writers’ orientation towards the issue is
negative. The reasons for the journalistic discourse towards the issue of
the Russian-Ukrainian war were presented. The newspaper relied on
political frameworks in discussing the issue of the Russian-Ukrainian
war. The newspaper relied on paths of proof in journalistic discourse,
including logical paths, which were experiences and evidence from
reality and linking the issue to each other in the first place. As for the
illogical ones, the conclusions occupied the first place.

In light of the technological development that began to accelerate in the world,
which led to the spread of fake or false news due to the ease of its circulation in the
midst of this technological revolution that included social media in general from
Facebook to Instagram to TikTok and others, some centers began to appear that took it
upon themselves to limit the phenomenon of the spread of this fake news and try to
verify it and reduce its spread. On this basis, a number of institutions took it upon
themselves to refute this news and try to broadcast it to the public after clarifying its
truth. Given the great importance of Arab sports media in this aspect and the interest
of Arab society in sports, the (Technology for Peace) Foundation had a prominent role
in this field and was one of the institutions that confronted fake news. On this basis, it
allocated (sports) as an aspect of its classifications in verifying fake sports news that is
easy to circulate among the sports audience who are passionately interested in sports
and all its aspects without paying attention to the truth of the news, as there are certain
parties that have a purpose in spreading such news and for multiple goals and
purposes. Therefore, the following question came regarding this study, which is (What
are the mechanisms of the Technology for Peace Foundation to verify fake sports
news?)
The researcher used the survey method, where he used the content analysis
form through which he analyzed the research sample that included (8) news, then the
research community consisting of (77) news, then the questions came, who is the
Technology for Peace Foundation and how does it work to verify the news? Then what
did it rely on and what are the tools that it used in verification? And how does the
organization work and what does it rely on?
Through research in this aspect, I reached a number of results, which are :
1. Technology for Peace is an Iraqi institution that verifies fake news, as it paid
attention to sports news because of its great importance among the Arab sports
community in general, and this verification comes through relying on
international institutions and republishing the news obtained from them, as
well as relying on a large team in this aspect .
2. Technology for Peace relies primarily on its website and the tools it uses to
verify the news, in addition to relying on news agencies to verify the accuracy
of the news.
3. There is a large number of volunteers for the Technology for Peace
Foundation inside and outside Iraq, consisting of 265 members geographically
distributed inside and outside Iraq, who contribute significantly and directly to

The world has recently witnessed a huge boom in progress in
information and communication technology, which has brought
about a radical change in all fields. Therefore, the research aimed to
shed light on the impact of modern means of communication in
shaping the social thought of university youth in Iraq. In order to
achieve this goal, the research relied on the descriptive analytical
approach that is based on analyzing the research phenomenon and
identifying the impact of modern means of communication on
shaping the social relations of university youth. Then, the Statistical
Package for Statistics (SPSS) program was relied upon to prove or
reject the hypotheses related to the research. The study reached
many results, including the existence of a high level of reliance by
university youth in Iraq on modern means of communication from
the point of view of the study sample members, as the arithmetic
mean value reached 4.073 with a standard deviation of 0.785,
which answers the first question of the study. Then, the applied
study reached a high level of social thought among university youth
in Iraq from the point of view of the study sample members, as the
arithmetic mean value reached 4.076 with a standard deviation of
0.721, which answers the second question of the study. Therefore,
the study recommends the necessity of working to increase the level
of awareness of youth to achieve benefit from modern means of

The study aimed to identify the negative repercussions of electronic games
on the daily lives of children from the point of view of their mothers in Iraqi society
in general and the city of Mosul in particular. This study falls within the analytical
descriptive studies due to the use of the social survey approach through interviews
with a group of mothers of children, and collecting the necessary information for
the purposes of the study, in addition to the questions posed in the form of
questionnaires distributed to a random sample of mothers of approximately (50)
individuals. The study reached a number of results, including :
1. Electronic games have contributed to weakening children’s relationships
with their families, due to their preoccupation with electronic games, in
addition to the emergence of hostile behaviors towards family members
and failure to obey the orders of mothers and fathers, in addition to the
isolation, introversion, and complex psychology that the child began to live
away from his friends because of these games .
2. Electronic games have contributed to the decline in the child’s academic
level through the child being preoccupied with playing various electronic
games and neglecting the school duties required of him, in addition to
dropping out of school, quarreling with school teachers, and causing problems
at school with students due to the effect of some hostile games on the
child.
3. The child gradually moved away from watching useful programs on
television and even animated films, because he began to be interested only
in playing electronic games and being influenced by them.
4. Electronic games contributed to the child’s religious scruples, as he began
to play for long hours on video games without taking time to read the Holy
Quran and pray.
5. Electronic games have had a negative impact on the child’s health, as
they have caused him to suffer from poor eyesight, lack of concentration,
and distorted memory. Likewise, such games have made him mentally and
physically exhausted by affecting the joints of the neck, body, and back,
lack of sleep, staying up for long hours, loss of appetite, and lack of exercise

Food, especially traditional food, is one of the most important
practices that indicate belonging. Certain types of food are not cooked
just to satisfy hunger, but rather it is a cultural heritage charged with
civilizational heritage, as this food defines our religious affiliation
and what is associated with it of what is permissible or forbidden.
Therefore, we find that food anthropology has directed its attention
to studying cooking and food, because food practices do not only
allow us to know the culture of their owners, but also put us in front
of a great possibility to know religious rituals and occasions and to
know a group of foods that are cooked at specific times, and this