Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

When an opposition movement or revolution appears in Iraq, the Islamic East is also directly affected by these events. Therefore, we see that the political conflicts that occurred at the end of the Rashidun era and during the Umayyad Caliphate left their shadow on the economic aspect in both Iraq and the Islamic East. All economic sectors were negatively affected, and this situation was reflected in public life in both regions. There was a decrease in the revenues of the treasury, and money began to be spent to suppress the revolutions that occurred here and there, especially during the Umayyad Caliphate.

This research deals with the study and investigation of a manuscript entitled "A Useful Rule and Comprehensive Benefit from the Amalis of the Fadil Muhammad al-Isfarayini", which dates back to the scholar Issa bin Muhammad bin Ubaidullah al-Iji (d. 953 AH). The research aims to highlight the scientific and literary value of this manuscript, which contains a collection of dictations (scientific councils) delivered by the virtuous Muhammad al-Isfarayini .
The importance of the research lies in the fact that it reveals an aspect of the scientific and literary heritage that has not been published before, and presents al-Isfarayini's methodology in teaching Islamic and literary sciences. It also sheds light on the role played by scholars in preserving and transmitting knowledge across generations .
The researcher investigated the manuscript and analyzed its content, providing a comprehensive explanation of the terms and ideas contained therein. Some difficult texts were also translated to facilitate their understanding for the contemporary reader.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of all worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon His trustworthy Prophet, Muhammad bin Abdullah, as well as upon his family, companions, and all those who follow them with righteousness until the Day of Judgment .
In this regard, historical studies in general, and the noble biography of the Prophet in particular, are of significant importance in Islamic history. The study of the Prophet’s biography serves as a vital starting point for understanding Islamic history and its most essential aspects .
We have been afforded the opportunity to explore a particular aspect of the Prophet’s biography, namely “Tolerance.” We have chosen this theme as the title for this study, which is entitled "The Humanity of the Noble Prophet Muhammad )صلى الله عليه وسلم(: A Model of Tolerance." Through our study, we have identified numerous instances in which our noble Prophet Muhammad
)صلى الله عليه وسلم( exemplified tolerance, which we will present sequentially as historical material and a modest contribution in this regard.
Particularly, the Prophet )صلى الله عليه وسلم( is the embodiment of a forgiving messenger, and he serves as an excellent role model for us. We examined the theme of tolerance during both the Meccan and Medinan periods, addressing interactions with both Muslims and non-Muslims. Additionally, we gathered historical evidence relevant to our topic. May Allah grant us success in this effort.

The Showa Financial Crisis of 1927 in Japan is one of the most significant economic crises that greatly affected the country’s financial system. The crisis began after a series of economic and political events, including the collapse of several Japanese banks, and the escalation of financial panic among citizens who rushed to withdraw their deposits. This exacerbated the economic crisis and increased pressure on the financial system, prompting the Japanese government to take extraordinary measures such as temporarily closing banks and suspending financial obligations. Despite these efforts, the crisis led to the bankruptcy of many banks and companies, increased unemployment and inflation, and affected confidence in Japanese financial institutions. It prompted the government to make radical reforms to the financial system, including strengthening supervision of banks and reducing their number through mergers. These reforms aimed to restore financial stability, but they also highlighted the significant challenges Japan faced at that time in dealing with large-scale financial crises. The crisis stands out as an important case study for understanding how political, economic, and social factors affect the stability of the financial system, and it also provides lessons on the importance of rapid and effective government intervention in preventing financial crises from worsening

Iraq has occupied an important position in American policy and in shaping the balances of the Middle East region, due to its strategic position and economic wealth, which made it an important axis of the United States of America's policy, with motives that reflect the American administration's external expansionist dimension in targeting Iraq, stealing its resources and usurping its will, then reshaping its geopolitical entity, by destroying its geographical, historical and national unity and excluding its strategic and moral weight from the Arab region, and working to deepen the American military deployment and increase military bases under the pretext of Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction, and it took this as a way to intervene and provide a safe cover for (Israel) for the long term.
The American vision shifted as a strategic demand towards absolute hegemony and in an unprecedented unilateral manner, it launched a war on Iraq and overthrew its political regime on April 9, 2003, and dismantled the institutions of the Iraqi state and left them exposed to looting and destruction, and then announced its official occupation

The sublime principles of Islam derived from the constitution of Muslims, the Holy Quran, preserved the rights of non-Muslims who were called the People of the Covenant. The policy of the Noble Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) with them was an application of these principles in order to achieve coexistence far from religious extremism that negatively affects the fabric of a single society. Since the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) is the city of knowledge and Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is its gate, who overflows with mercy, humanity and moral nobility that overwhelms all his subjects, including the People of the Covenant, our topic is divided into paragraphs starting with Imam Ali’s (peace be upon him) view of the People of the Covenant, his relationship with their religious men, granting them freedom of belief and worship, his dealings with them, his justice and compassion towards them, his standing with them before the judiciary, then his debates with the People of the Covenant, and the conversion of many of them to Islam