Journal of Almaarif University College

This study deals with a serious problem faced by Anbar University students studying English as a
foreign language (EFL). These students tend to lengthen short vowels in English words incorrectly due
to the effect of certain factors. The present study aims at investigating this problem because length is
significant in English and any difference in the length of a vowel makes a different meaning. It is
hypothesized that many students concerned with the study of EFL at Anbar University mispronounce
English words by lengthening short vowels wrongly although they studied Phonetics and Phonology at
the department of English, College of Education for Humanities due to certain factors. To achieve the
aim of the study, a test consists of 50 English words that have simple vowels in different positions was
prepared by the researchers. Twenty-five students were chosen randomly to participate in the test and
they were asked to pronounce all the words which were selected purposely for the test. These students
study English in the same grade and their native language is Arabic. The data were recorded in the first
semester of the academic year 2019-2020 by using a cellphone. Then, the researchers analyzed them
depending on Roach’s (2010) model which is adopted because it follows the B.B.C. pronunciation, the
variety taught in Iraqi universities. The findings of this study validate its hypothesis. The study has
arrived at certain conclusions among them and the most significant ones are the influence of the
students’ native language upon the foreign language the students study because these two languages
have two different vowel structures, besides the poor mastery of the English pronunciation. These
causes and others play a great role in the occurrence of errors. Accordingly, the lengthening of short
vowels is considered a problem that faces the students of the University of Anbar studying EFL which
they need to overcome.

This research dealt with the study of the spatial variation of livestock (cows, sheep, goats) in the
districts of Erbil governorates and There appeared a discrepancy between those districts in the number
of cows, sheep and goats. The different distribution of livestock is due to natural and human factors
that led to the difference in numbers between the districts of Erbil Governorate. Where the number of
cows in Erbil governorate reached (93029) for the year 2021 and (631381) of sheep for the same year,
and the number of goats reached (386934) for the year 2021. These animals are raised for their meat,
milk, wool and skins that benefit the residents of the study areas. The quantities of its production may
be outside the boundaries of the study area, and the research concluded that natural factors have an
effective role in the variation of livestock, although human factors have a role in that variation in all its
aspects. Also, livestock faced a number of natural and human problems that led to a different
distribution according to the districts. The study recommends providing breeds of good production with
the provision of feed necessary for animal husbandry with the introduction of vaccines and treatments
of good varieties with the increase of veterinary centers in order to increase the number of livestock in
the study area.

Psychological attitudes are one of the most important topics in the field of psychology as one of the
most important drivers of human behavior, as the psychological attitudes of academic employees have
a great role in scientific development in all fields, especially in the sports field. Thus, psychological
attitudes are the cornerstone in obtaining accurate scientific information about the composition of the
measured phenomenon. As well as the importance of sports activities. Hence, the importance of the
research emerges by recognizing the psychological attitudes of the academic staff of Al-Maarif
University College for non-specialization towards the practice of sports activity. Which contributes to
strengthening their attitudes towards the activity, modifying it, or changing it. The aim of the research
is to identify the psychological attitudes of the academic staff of Al-Maarif University College for nonspecialists towards practicing sports activity. Then the researcher adopted the descriptive approach in
the survey method for its relevance to the field research problem, and the research sample was chosen
in a deliberate way from the total study population, where the number of study sample members
reached (100) teaching, and after using the scale of the psychological attitude and obtaining answers,
analyzing and discussing them, the researcher concluded. That the degrees of attitudes of academic
staff of the departments of Al-Maarif University College according to the attitude scale indicate that
their attitudes are positive towards the practice of sports activities. The researcher also recommended
increasing social awareness of the benefit of exercising on the physical and psychological levels
through holding seminars, using the media, and issuing books that explain the benefit of exercising.

In an attempt to discover the poetic, theatrical, and dramatic aspects of al-Hur Arriyahi by AbdulRazzaq Abdul-Wahid, the researcher endeavors to explore the genre of this literary work in addition to
explaining how the poetic and theatrical structures can harmonize. The researcher also inquires whether
this work is appropriate for the stage or, like the rest of literary genres; it is just authored for reading.
The researcher surveys the infrastructure of each of those genres which synergize to create this piece of
art without mentioning the wonderful comparison made by Dr. Abdul-Wahid Lu’lu’a who judged it
against (Macbeth) by Shakespeare since that study comprises all meeting and contrast points between
the two literary works. Thus the researcher cannot add a valuable observation on the technical
characteristics as well as the artistic values that have been comprised by (Lu’lu’a). I may have been
extensive in some important joints due to their deep-seated valued contents. Hence I anticipate that it is
appropriate and necessary to expand further in dissection as far as the research allows without drifting
away from the basic target. The researcher, however, does not touch upon the (theatrical structure or
characters) throughout the analysis process, because the former has witnessed important developments
in literature worldwide, whereas the latter has accessed the setting of this literary work as complete
creations. The researcher, on the other hand, does not favor unification of the terms such as (play,
drama, poetry or artistic production) since the text amalgamate these titles (artistic genres) in an
entangled, albeit, artistically harmonized and synergized way. Which creates a comprehensive, holistic
and uninterrupted text?

The sensational imagery in literary works is a viable artistic way to discover the merits of the poetic
text and to identify the semantics of structures and phrases. The research focused on the sensational
imagery of the poet Nizar according to the human senses. It is apparent that sensational imagery
depends, in the first place, on the visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and gustatory senses of human
beings. I have tried hard to collect examples from the poetry collections of the poet to determine the
meaning and function of the sensational imagery in the texts. I have limited my study to some selected
example works of the poet, taking into account the sheer amount of sensational images that he has used
in his books which might be difficult for this research to cover or count without affecting the credibility
required in a scientific research. It was possible for the researcher here to collect example evidences of
sensational imagery as being used in the poems and categorize them accordingly as well as clarifying
their meanings and the connotations behind these texts. I preferred to focus on the most common
sensational imagery in the poet's collections because they represent the artistic depiction of the
experiences and emotions of the poet’s literary world and interests. It can be said that sensational
imagery is one of the basic components from which poets derive their poetic depiction and use it to
decorate their poetic texts with an aesthetic painting. Through the mechanism of induction in Nizar's
poetry, it becomes clear to us that there are singular sensational images in all their patterns and forms,
which in turn clearly reflect the poet's experiences and emotions.

Our research aims to show the morphological aspect of the Sabeeh comment, especially in which the
morphological semantic signs are such as alternating between morphological forms, by making the
singular on a specific weight and the meaning of another meaning. He also showed the morphological
transformations transmitted in the folds of the book, such as the signs, substitutions, diminutives, and
proportions.