Al-Esraa university college journal for Engineering Sciences

The child who moves to an environment outside his family environment, such
as orphanage institutions because of the loss of one or all of his family members, it
is obvious that he feels a kind of alienation and isolation from his peers and a loss of
a sense of interaction and communication with society, so it is possible to mitigate
this feeling by promoting diversity in interactive activities within the internal spaces
of the orphanage institutions and at the neighborhood level, the research problem
was represented by \"the lack of clarity in the nature of knowledge about
the role of of interactive spaces in enhancing social interaction for
children within orphan care institutions.\" In order to solve the research
problem, the research adopted a hypothesis stating that \" interactive spaces,
it enhances the achievement of social interaction for children within
orphanage institutions\".
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the approach consisting of several
stages was identified, first: building a comprehensive conceptual framework for
social interaction first, and for the concept of diversity in interactive activities and
its most important vocabulary and indicators second, and then reviewing an applied
example, so that the research concludes in conclusion with a set of conclusions and
recommendations.

Fragmentation is a fundamental term in the history of critical urban thought,
yet the product of fragmentation is manifested in fragments. Urban fragmentation
is used to describe the phenomenon that occurs when the urban environment is
broken up into smaller units or dispersed areas. This means that cities become
fragmented rather than cohesive and integrated. This disintegration can be the result
of various factors such as poor planning, lack of infrastructure, different land uses,
and social dispersion. This research addresses the problem of urban fragmentation
as one of the challenges facing the urban structure of cities, and clarifies the most
important factors affecting the city structure during the process of continuous
growth. Through studying and analyzing related proposals, the research
problem identified the spread of fragmentation in the urban structure of cities,
which causes the disintegration of urban communities and increases challenges. In
the areas of urban planning and service provision.
In light of this problem, the goal of the research was determined to reach
an integrated theoretical framework for the fragmentation of the urban structure that
includes the causes and policies adopted to deal with it. The research put forward its
hypothesis that the fragmentation of the urban structure is a natural phenomenon
that must occur as a result of demographic and economic changes and urban policies,
and it cannot be overcome except through a study. Studying the causes and treating
them. To achieve this, the research relied in its methodology on defining fragmentation
and the concepts associated with it, and then studying the causes that contribute to
fragmentation in the urban structure, and the research proposes adding policies to
deal with it. Therefore, the research contributes to clarifying a comprehensive view of
the concept in general and the changes occurring in the urban structure

This paper reviews effecting of blending basalt fibers into concrete
on mechanical properties, ductility, and toughness. Based on concrete
components, the perfect basalt fiber percentage can differ and is influenced
by factors like fiber length, w/c ratio, and age. The beneficial basalt fibers
percentage is lower than that of steel fibers. Even with a low concentration
of basalt fibers, concrete tensile and flexural strength can be improved more
effectively than a higher amount of steel fibers. As the amount of basalt
fiber increases, the mix workability decreases. Additionally, the flow ability
may drop slightly as the length of the fibers increases. Adding basalt fiber to
concrete can minimize drying shrinkage, size, and quantity of voids inside
the concrete matrix. A content between (0.3 - 0.5) % is the best ratio to
increase the compressive strength, while a higher percentage may reduce
it. The tensile, flexural strength, stiffness, and toughness can improve by
increasing the fiber content. However, higher content may cause the fibers
to lose their forms due to flexibility. Generally, the higher the basalt fiber
content, up to 1.5 %, the higher the tensile and flexural strength. Beyond
1.5 %, the increment may be lower. The presence of basalt fiber in beams
delays the appearance of cracks and increases the beam's load capacity. The
shorter the fiber length, the lower the content and the better the effect. The
(6-24) mm is the best length to use in concrete that enhances mechanical
properties. The increment in strength for a lower w/c ratio is higher than that
for a higher one.

Youth are the pillar of nations and the secret of their renaissance, the
builders of their civilization and the line of defense, the main participants in
basic planning processes, and the agents of change to build a world that is
compatible with the aspirations of future generations. This applies to the field of
architecture in terms of the importance of young architects in shaping it under
the challenges it faces, which impose interaction in a manner commensurate
with the emerging requirements and needs. This research is based on the
consideration that young architects are an integrated phenomenon that
contributes to shaping architectural production according to the data of the
present and even the past, in a way that establishes a better future through
their entrepreneurship role. Many architectural studies and proposals have
touched on several aspects related to this topic, but they were not able to
provide a clear and comprehensive knowledge vision., which constituted an
incentive to conduct this research, in terms of its endeavor to provide the
most comprehensive and clear knowledge of the entrepreneurship role
played by young architects in shaping the future of architecture, in general,
and what is related to the contemporary period, in particular. Achieving this
goal necessitated adopting the descriptive approach in analyzing previous
knowledge from inside and outside the field of architecture regarding young
and the future and the relationship between them, to build a theoretical
framework through which the role of young architects can be investigated in
the contemporary period, which is witnessing many different challenges and
transformations through reviewing several case studies.

The term “special” possesses inherent significance and is utilized in this context to denote the distinctive attributes characteristic of concrete. The term “special” connotes enhanced strength, durability, and solidity in concrete. The production of specialized concrete involves the incorporation of distinct components via specific procedures following specific criteria. Specialized concrete is required to construct unique structures such as power plants, offshore buildings, docks, and airports. Each of these unique structures is essential for survival in harsh conditions, including sulfate, chemical, acid, and chloride attacks, as well as other surface characteristics. Concrete is a versatile material that exhibits good compressive strength and can be tailored to meet specific requirements such as lightweight, high density, fire protection, and radiation shielding. However, the material exhibits several limitations, such as inadequate tensile strength, susceptibility to liquid permeation, reinforcement corrosion, vulnerability to chemical degradation, and suboptimal durability. Cement concrete has undergone various modifications over time to address its drawbacks. Advancements in material and construction technology have brought about notable changes, leading to enhanced functionality and increased affordability, thus expanding the scope of application. The current review delineated 12 different kinds of specialized concrete and comprehensively elucidated each type. The current review also addressed the practical implementation of these types in building and construction. Ultimately, it is advisable to employ specialized variants of concrete that have undergone modifications to address the limitations of traditional concrete. Implementing structures composed of specialized concrete material would yield superior outcomes in regions susceptible to seismic activity. Implementing specialized concrete can enhance the safety of residential facilities owing to its special characteristics.

In addition to possible other symptoms, memory loss and impairment
are the hallmarks of Demented or alzahimar disease (AD). Despite the fact
that Demented disease is incurable and has a significant negative impact

on patients' lives, an early diagnosis can help start the right treatment
and prevent additional brain damage. Over the years, machine learning
techniques have been used to classify AD; nevertheless, the efficacy of the
results depends on the use of multi-step classifiers and manually created
features. Thanks to recent advances in deep learning, patterns may now be

classified using neural networks' final stage.
In order to diagnose Demented disease early, convolutional neural
networks (CNN, VGG16) were utilized in conjunction with magnetic resonance
imaging to extract features from images of individuals with the condition
and classify them. This research focuses on this process (MRI). Gray and
white matter MRI image slices were employed as inputs for categorization.
The output of deep learning classifiers was combined using group learning

techniques to enhance classification after convolutional operations. We
assessed the usefulness of our approach in the early detection of this illness

with a collection of data from the Demented Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
Our accuracy rate for Demented disease evaluations was 95.4762%.

Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk is particularly
important because it may enable more effective interventions and reduce
cumulative maternal and fetal injury. The aim of this study is to develop
machine learning (ML) models for early prediction of GDM using widely
available variables, facilitating early intervention, and enabling the application
of prediction models in settings where more complex tests are not accessible.
In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to detect
the risk of gestational diabetes. A global data set was used to collect clinical
and experimental data from pregnant women and people with diabetes
in Iraqi Kurdistan. The data set used in this study includes records from
3,525 pregnancies. Twelve different deep learning models and their hyper-
parameters are optimized to achieve early and high prediction performance
for GDM. The data augmentation method was used in training to improve
the prediction results, as 70% of the data was trained and 30% was tested.
Preliminary processing of this data was performed and missing values were
removed. I identified the relevant features, then used the ANN model and
trained it with a suitable AP structure and trained it using the training set. The
model was evaluated using a healthy validation set to evaluate its performance
in detecting pregnancy risk. Over-control was conducted to improve the model
performance. Finally, the improved ANN model using the test set to evaluate
its ability to predict the risk of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy. The
results of this study provide insight into the effectiveness of using ANN for
risk detection and contribute to the development of early pregnancy-specific
strategies for diabetes, with the system's accuracy reaching 100%.

The Ecological Footmark (EF) is one of the utmost recent and important

criteria for assessing the capacity of the population to uphold a life sustainable
way. It tests the extent which the indicators have an influence on the natural
resources (NR) of the ecosystem such as forestry, water bodies, agricultural
lands, pastures, CO2, and properties for construction purposes. This
footmark was utilized to evaluate the use of NR to the capacity of the land
for regeneration. This research paper discusses the theoretical conceptual
component of the EF framework and plans regarding issues related to the
environment. The environmental image (EI) crystallizing process is also
highlighted in this study. The scientific assessment of the environmental

footmark (EFM) of the Najaf Governorate (NG) serves as a representation of

the practical aspect.
The application of the research led to the finding that each person in
the NG had an environmental impact of 1.58 hs. Such value of application to
the Najaf perception in 2006 and the current situation in 2019 is the following
step. The main plan for Najaf city has been evaluated for its potential effects
on the environment up to 2030. The goal is to lessen Najaf's environmental

imprint in the following years and to enhance its environmental reputation
in addition to researching potential future situations.