Journal of Almaarif University College

The research tries to set the general criterions of rhetorical
displacement. It details the discussion about the causes of displacement
«the circumstances, Invention, the context», through a series which
depending on a deep understanding of the subject. After studying the
causes, the criterions will be studied and the criterions of trope «with its
branches». The researcher tries to extract the valuable statements of the
previous scholars to mix them with the results of the modern achievements
on the consultative, raising rules and applied level, to open up the horizon
of rhetoric on new approaches and theories of innovation, can eloquence to
benefit from the development of its investigations and branches.

research and its importance, the professional pressures of the faculty members at AlMaarif University College and disclose their level in the whole sample and specific
samples. Our goal is to find out the relationship between professional pressures and
some variables such as scientific rank (Master, Ph.D.), age, gender, marital status and
type of job (appointment, contract) as we identified research hypotheses. The concept
of professional pressures and what a faculty member have been explained. The second
chapter includes the theoretical framework showing the factors causing the pressures
and the negative effects resulting therefrom, and methods of prevention and treatment,
as we have presented some previous studies that are relevant to the subject of research.
In the third chapter, we identified the research community of (119) teaching members,
and identified the research sample of )87( members distributed among the nine
departments of the college, and we chose the questionnaire prepared by Ismail Taha
and Altaf Yassin, who used to be honest and steady, used her research to study the
professional pressures of faculty members At the University of Baghdad. The fourth
chapter presents the results of the research and its interpretation. Overall, the results
also showed that the level of professional pressures differed according to the
departments. The highest percentage of stress has been for the medical laboratory
techniques followed by the Civil Engineering Department, and the lowest stress levels
were performed the Department of Physical Education and the Department of
Computer Engineering. Results also showed that there is a weak relationship between
professional pressures and some variables such as age, gender, marital status, job type
and scientific rank.
Chapter five showed a presentation of some conclusions, and made some
recommendations and proposals, and then proved references and appendixes.

It is an honor is to deal with Ahmed Alhamawi’s ( deceased in 1098)
manuscript. The manuscript tackles prophets’ being infallible. Prophets’
infallibility is one of the significant topics that scholars cover. Alhamawi
discussed this point showing the nature of being infallible. He made
debates to answer back to all opposers. This debate was put in the form of
a manuscript entitled “ ITHAF AL-ATHIKIYA’A’ BTAHQIQ
MASA’ALAT ISMAT AL-ANBIYA’A” (presetting the intelligent with
the verification of prophets’ infallibility). This manuscript is a part of
Islamic Arabic cultural heritage because of being rich with materials
especially in Islamic doctrine. Finally, the researcher does supplicate to
Allah for success and correctness of opinion.

This research presents “the practical judgments of leprous in worships,
financial behaviors and criminal judgments, a jurisprudent comparative
study”.
This research tries to show the jurisprudent judgments of leprous who is
characterized to be different from others, because leprosy is a disease which
has its own privacy that Islam has taken in consideration through a lot of
judgements, in many fields with respect to cleanliness, worships and behaviors,
etc. This research presents the judgments of leprous through dividing the
research into two sections: the first section defines the nature of leprous and its
judgments in worship and sociability.
The second section deals with leprous judgments with respect to the financial
behaviors and criminal judgments. The research ends with certain conclusions
relevant to the subject of the research.

The present research deals with the family of Al Mu'ayyed Bin Ali Al
Hamathany and their services in the religious and scientific aspect in the
Islamic regions during the 6th , 7th and 8th centuries of Hegira. It is
divided into an introduction and three sections. The first is devoted to
the biography of this family. The second deals with their influence and
their efforts of supervising and performing the endowments. in Makah ,
in addition to the judicature. The third section deals with their
contributions by travelling in quest of knowledge, teaching the noble
Quran, jurisprudence, telling Hadith and their efforts in medicine. The
research is ended by a conclusion .

The main reason for competition between British-French is strategic location of Oman.
Oman is at the crossroads of international trade and through it enters goods to Persian
Gulf. Oman is also characterized by its large ports and the task of trade exchange and the
height of its prosperity has been reached in the era of Sultan Said bin Sultan, which
increased the rivalry between the two sides, Britain did the best to take control on Oman
and the rest of the other Persian Gulf’s Sheikdoms so that they want expelled of the most
important competitors, which is the French presence and French attempts to permanence
in Oman, so Britain strived to expulsion French influence from the island of Mauritius in
1810, but France was able to Return to Oman especially after the conclusion of a peace
treaty with Britain and began to develop Its political and economic relations with Oman
and the attempt to establish a consulate in Zanzibar

The issue of minorities has a great importance in the countries
around the world, especially those countries with populations of multiple
nationalities. This issue may effect on security and stability of States.
The issue of minorities being subjected to oppression has become a
matter of fact, which has made minority protection an important issue. The
danger of persecuting the minorities is that it weakens its belonging to the
country in where they live, whereby a minority could resort to neighboring
countries with a geographical link to the minority, and as a result of that
feeding separatism. Many minorities have ties and links outside of the
internal sphere of the State by virtue of their ethnic, linguistic or religious
affiliation with other countries of similar characteristics. The importance of
the topic is that the lack of protection of minorities in the State would allow
for external intervention under the pretext of defending minorities. Iraq is
one of the countries with multiple nationalities, religions and sects, which
requires us to focus on this subject. The Constitution of Iraq came into
force in 2005 and contains many provisions that provide protection to
minorities. The constitution indicates establishing the high federal court in
article (92-94). This research focus on role that is practiced by the high
court in Iraq to protect minorities.

the European Union in June 2016 drew mixed reactions between
supporters and opponents, which drew great international attention
because of the serious repercussions on the EU in general and the United Kingdom in particular Could undermine European efforts
made five decades ago for cooperation and integration.
This study attempts to give an overview of the UK referendum to
get out of the European Union, which has 52% of British citizens
and the most important measures that Britain must complete to
enter into force under Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon, The real
reasons that prompted the UK to this referendum, and the most
important positive and negative repercussions on the UK and the
European Union alike.

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the phenomenon of migration and
its developments in which it is considered now as a problematic and dangerous
phenomenon after it was considered as a human phenomenon. The status of illegal
immigrants is increasingly recognized in light of the vagueness of the legal perception that
occupies this pivotal on the one hand and the developments fortified by the phenomenon of
migration and the consequent lacunas in the practice of States of their rights to preserve its
territory on the other hand. By restricting the right of the freedom of movement, which is
considered a rightful right for humans, and using its sovereign right over its territory which is
considered as an exception, because Immigrants are viewed as the source of the problems
that have challenged their states, thus violating human rights.
Before viewing emigration as a security issue, it represents one aspect of human
interactions and therefore there must be increased adaptions and developments of the
efforts in order to treat illegal immigrants more humanely

The study aimed to diagnose the most prominent economic problems faced by the
manufacturing sector in the Iraqi economy during the period 1970-2015 and analyze
the reasons for finding effective solutions to them. The study revealed that the
problems of manufacturing industry in Iraq were reflected in the sharp decline in
growth rates industrial production and the imbalance of its structure to beside the
deterioration of the efficiency of capital information and the lack of employment
opportunities in addition to the large dependence on imported inputs which reflected
the effects negatively on the economic performance and inability to correct the
structure imbalance in the body of the Iraqi economy.
Finally, the study confirmed that avoiding these problems and their grave risks calls
for the adoption of government measures and policies starting from the strategy of
self-reliance away from the recipes of economic reform ready for IMF and the World
Bank.

This study dealt with strategic thinking as an independent variable in terms of (strategic intent,
opportunistic thinking, strategic foresight, time thinking) and lean production as a sub-dimension variable
(continuous improvement, continuous flow, quality improvement, organization and arrangement of
workplace 5 s) The selection of Fattah Pasha for woolen industries in Baghdad - Kadhimiya for being the
largest factories affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Minerals in Iraq to be the society of the study and
to achieve the objectives of the research was developed questionnaire distributed to (60) sample and
represented by senior leaders of the degree of Director And heads of production departments and
supervisors production and quality and production lines officials in the factory for being interested and
specialists in the practice of strategic thinking and responsible for the production of agility, and the purpose
of data processing has used a lot of statistical methods using the statistical program (Spss & AmosV.23) to
get a scientific outcome under this important subject, The most significant of which was the existence of a
relationship of significant significance between the strategic thinking practices and the level achieved by
the soft production. This indicates the positive and important role played by the strategic thinking practices
The most prominent recommendations were the need for the company's management to adopt precise
scientific methods that will depend on it to measure the level of production achieved so that it can reach a
real assessment of what actually exists on the ground

Twenty two soil Pedon's were represented at eight soil series. Which distribution between
alluvial and desert, with in naifa irrigation project were study.
This project located between al alamm city in the north and al door city in the south. Soil
classified in order entisols under sub great group, typic torrifluventes and order aridsols
under subgreat group haplagypsids, haplacaleids.
These soil distribution in two sub physographic units, river basin – levee, and al mutukal
terreces. Morphological, physical, and chemical of soil series were studied in the field and
librotary. Ruselts showed lithological dis continuity and stratification found. And showed two
main problem in these soils that’s, soil salinity and calcic and gypsum horizons. Ruselts of
land classification and soil suitable to sensitive crops according to sys 1980 system. Showed( 50%) for land with in class four little suitable (S4), and (37.5%) with in class three
to moderately suitable (S3) and (12.5%) with in class no suitable (N).

The Costus Speciosus of the medicinal plants is important, which contains a
group of compounds with biological activities, the process of extracting some
of these active compounds using four separate solvents are: 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, 70% hexane and water by continuous extraction using the
device Soxhlet. Active compounds were detected in the extract using
qualitative detections . The effect of active compounds on crude extracts was
studied on the growth of L20B and SR in vitro and in concentrations of (12.5,
25) μg / mL within a 72 hour exposure period. The results showed significant
differences and a level of probability P ≤ 0.05 for some crude extracts, with
the highest percentage of inhibition on the cancer cell Line SR at 25 μg / mL
for the hexane extract 38%. For the L20B cell line, the highest inhibitory rate
of the methanol extract was 14.5% at 12.5 μg / mL concentration.

The research aims to analyze the relationship between the results of the
stock market index with the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar parallel, with
the presence of an impact of the fluctuations of the stock market index on
the foreign exchange rate of the currency of the country that is fluctuating
in its main stock market ,Using common integration models that have
recently been used in analyzing and detecting fluctuations in particular
financial markets and their risks. The research also includes analyzing the
annual data of the State of Iraq for the period (2007-2017).
The research used the traditional and applied approache in discussing
and analyzing the relationship between the fluctuations in the financial
market and exchange rate fluctuations.

This research aims to find out the relationship between the short-term
interest rate and the exchange rate in Iraq during the period (2004-2017),
where (VECM) test was used to estimate and analyze the results of the
relationship between the short-term interest rate and the exchange rate in
Iraq during the study period. The data showed that the results of the
analysis to find a long-term equilibrium relationship between the short-term
interest rate and the exchange rate, in addition to the short-term interest rate
did not have a strong impact on the stability of the exchange rate during the
study period, and the reason Due to the performance of the central bank
through auction currency.

The environmental impacts resulting from the exercise of economic units and the conduct
of their various activities have serious repercussions on the environment and society, and
accounting as an information system not only affected by the environment, but also
through its role in the implementation of economic decisions in society, and thus
measuring the environmental performance and disclosure of facts The problem of
research is the inadequacy of the accounting framework in dealing with the issue of
accounting measurement of environmental effects and disclosure that requires accounting
treatments that meet international requirements. The research aims to develop an
accounting framework to measure the environmental performance in accordance with the
accounting methods and methods and then disclosed in the financial statements, Through
accounting treatments for the measurement and disclosure of environmental impacts
arising from specific types of operations and economic events. Where the importance of
research is to improve or reduce the adverse environmental impacts in the community
through the measurement of these effects and disclosure and thus communicate
information related to the environmental performance of the financial period properly,
and therefore measuring the environmental impacts and presentation in the financial
statements will help users in making decisions, where The use of descriptive
methodology for a number of related companies, has been reached difficult to measure
environmental costs due to the lack of educational programs to define the requirements of
accounting disclosure of environmental performance, In addition to the lack of adequate
government incentives for industrial institutions to adopt social and environmental
policies, in addition to the need for joint and effective cooperation between the
supervisors of the environment and accounting in order to express environmental law in
terms of accounting and the issuance of an international accounting standard for
environmental impacts, measurement and disclosure, as a group has been reached One of
the most important recommendations is the need to improve the level of measurement
and accounting disclosure of environmental impacts and their presentation in the
financial statements to support the improvement of management practices in these
establishments, in addition to holding conferences to define environmental accounting in
order to express environmental law N accounting hand by taking advantage of the
experiences of developed countries, especially committed to applying environmental cost
accounting.

The main purpose of this research is to diagnose the impact of reducing
the banking illiteracy of the human resource in enhancing the market
share of banks, as the lack of awareness of the human resource and the
low knowledge of the importance and nature of the operations of banks,
the most important challenges faced if it wants to maintain its market
share and enhance investment operations And the credit carried out, and
therefore pointed out the problem of research to the lack of interest of
management in some Iraqi banks, to identify the most important
mechanisms and treatments that would reduce banking illiteracy of
human resources working inside and outside, and to determine the
objectives of the research, The questionnaire has been distributed to a
number of employees of the Middle East Bank for Investment in Iraq. In
this regard, the research recommended the need to coordinate with academic organizations to implement a series of tariff programs to
minimize banking illiteracy.

This research aims to analyse the spatial variation of lands' prices, the
reason of this variation in Fallujah city (area of studying) within its municipal
boundaries consisting of (21) neighborhoods, within the geography of cities
and highlight the prices of lands and know the extent of the impact of these
prices on uses of land, as the hypothesis of the formulated study stating
that there is a variation of lands' prices among parts of Fallujah city and the
natural and human factors have effect on this price difference.

This study aimed to reveal the impact of internal marketing on service
innovation from the point of view of private sector employees in Iraq, and
the study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, in order to suit the
achievement of the objectives of the study, the sample of the study
consisted of (400) employees from commercial banks In order to achieve
the objectives of the study, the study relied on the use of questionnaire in
data collection, where the results showed that the level of internal
marketing within the organizations came in a high degree in all areas,
most notably the interaction between the public and consumers, and the
level of service innovation within the region. The results indicated that
there is a statistically significant effect of internal marketing in the
process of service innovation within organizations.

In this report, some of the natural dyes were isolated from Curcuma longa and
Sumac plants. These isolated natural dyes were used as acid-base indicators. A
comparison with the common indicators (methyl orange and phenolphthalein). The
results showed compatibility in the extent of color range. Also, the isolated extract
was used to prepare paper chromatography (PC) similar to Litmus paper. This report
also included the study of the IR spectrum for the isolated active materials from
Curcuma longa and Sumac plants.

Over the last decade, the data warehouse contains large amounts of information, often combine from a variety of independent sources. Decision support functions in a warehouse such as on-line analytical processing (OLAP) and analysis, involve hundreds or thousands of complex aggregate queries over large volumes of data. Warehouse applications, therefore build a large number of summary tables or materialized aggregate views (stored in disk) to help improve system performance. It is not suitable for execution queries by scanning the data sets each time. The information stored at the data warehouse is in forms of the views referred to as materialized views. The design of the data warehouse is one of the core research problems in studying and evolution of the data warehouse. One of the most important decisions in the design of a data warehouse is the data warehouse selected view. The selected views to materialize effects on efficiency as well as the total cost of establishing and running a data warehouse. The main goal of this paper is to aggregate data from a different source and consolidate the data imported and summarize this data to avoid analyzing all the datasets. This helps to reduce implementation time by using two techniques to storage summaries (materialized and index views) which helps to increase query speed and application the hybrid intelligent technology (ANN and decision tree algorithm) for access to the decision support system. The proposed system is applied to graduate students where the percentage of graduate students was determined by department, gender, and age. the proposed artificial neural network and Decision tree algorithm were obtained high efficiency to process large data warehouse size with (7488052 records) at very little time that is (4 minutes and 52 seconds).

Communicating effectively requires effective methods techniques, such as YouTube.
This study aims at revealing the effectiveness of using YouTube as a learning tool to
help foreign language learners develop their interactive competence. The study
population are consisted of 64 learners of English as a foreign language at Sumaya
Preparatory School for Boys during the second semester of the academic year
2018/2019. The researcher is selected 40 students randomly to perform as a sample of
the study. A pre-test is used to measure the level of learners before conducting the
study, two months later, after completion the experiment, the same test is applied,
under the same conditions, on the same sample to measure whether there are any
differences in the experimental and control groups' mean scores due to using the
new method, that is YouTube. The results are revealed that the experimental group
students have developed more than the control group due to using YouTube. In other
words, YouTube introduces a new experience for learners to develop speaking skills.
YouTube has helped learners develop learners’ competency on how to use language
in context. The researcher recommended conducting more studies to develop other
communication skills among the students.