Islamic Sciences Journal

The current study deals with a scientific investigation of the parts of the rational case between what is agreed upon and what is different in it, and show the necessity of submission in the case to the difference between doubt, hesitation and ratification, and the difference between the verbal ratio and the eternal predicate ratio, through the following:
A statement of the applicants' opinion that the parts of the case are three, and they were silent about the percentage in between. The later speakers differed in directing the silence of the forerunners on opinions:
Some of them said: Their silence is evidence that the applicants consider it neither a part nor a condition . Some said: their silence is not a sign of denial, rather they considered it a condition, not a part. Some others said the opposite, that is, consider it a part , not a condition. The author has an analysis of this dilemma, guidance for the statements of the two parties, and a discussion of their opinions in response, guidance, and then reconciliation including clarifying the meaning of ratification between the opinions of theologians and philosophers, then discussing their opinions collectively, then guidance, then weighting.
Included also, a statement of the meaning of science between how, addition and emotion, then reconciling opinions and making the dispute verbal.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the trustworthy Prophet, sent as a mercy to the worlds, and upon his family and companions, all of them, and those who follow his guidance until the Day of Judgment.
This research came under the title: “The warning with the phrase ‘Beware of you’ according to Imam al-Nasa’i - may Allah have mercy on him - in al-Sunan al-Sughra ‘al-Mujtaba’ - Collection and Study” to address the hadiths in which the prophetic warning with the phrase mentioned in al-Sunan al-Sughra was mentioned. The research consists of an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with a brief study of the life of Imam al-Nasa’i - may Allah have mercy on him - while the second chapter studies the three hadiths in which the warning is mentioned with the wording: “Beware” and which are included in the Sunan al-Sughra. Then after that, there is a conclusion in which I mention the most important results I have reached in this research.

This research, entitled "The Jurisprudential Methodology of Imam Al-Kawashi in Presenting Schools of Islamic Law through His Exegesis Al-Talkhiṣ fi Tafsir al-Qurʾan al- Aẓim," comprises an introduction and two chapters.
The Introduction addresses the significance of the topic, the research methodology, the research plan, and a preliminary overview.
Chapter One covers:
1. The definition of jurisprudential methodology and its types.
2. A biographical introduction to Imam Al-Kawashi.
Chapter Two analyzes Imam Al-Kawashi’s methodology in presenting jurisprudential schools (madhahib) through his exegesis. This is examined via numerous fiqh issues he addressed in interpreting ayat al-ahkam (Qurʾanic legal verses), Al-Kawashi meticulously cites opinions from juristic schools and traditions outside his own Shafi i madhhab, employing diverse approaches to present and critique them. He identifies positions aligned with or divergent from the Shafi i school and occasionally performs tarjih (weighing of evidence) between conflicting views. The study concludes with a summary of findings.

The science of Qur anic readings ( ilm al-qira at) is among the most significant disciplines due to its direct connection with the Glorious Qur’an. The history of these readings traces back to the revelation bestowed upon our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which was revealed in seven modes (ahruf) to facilitate comprehension for the Ummah. The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) received these readings, which were then transmitted through the Successors and subsequent generations until they reached the Ten Canonical Reciters (al-Qurra al- Asharah). Among these readings are those that are mass-transmitted (mutawatir) and those deemed anomalous (shadhdh). The latter constitutes the focus of this research, which examines the anomalous readings cited in the exegesis (tafsir) \"Bahr al- Ulum\" by Imam al-Samarqandi. The study underscores the significance of anomalous readings in elucidating additional exegetical meanings

This study explores the Islamic legal maxim: “Imitation of what is deficient is prohibited in Sharia” as a foundational principle in guiding behavior and regulating manifestations of moral deviation. In light of the growing wave of frivolity and the rise of false role models across media and social platforms, the research highlights the significance of this maxim in establishing clear criteria for distinguishing between upright conduct and ethical decline, based on the standards of Islamic law. The study examines how \"deficiency\" is defined jurisprudentially and identifies who qualifies as “frivolous” from a Sharia-based perspective. It also investigates the root causes of the spread of superficiality in modern society and offers educational and legal proposals to address this phenomenon, emphasizing the vital role of educators, scholars, and social awareness leaders in shaping a generation that upholds its values and takes pride in its identity

This study explores the role of religious schools in Kirkuk in consolidating sound Islamic creed according to the methodology of Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jamaʿah, particularly the Ashʿari and Maturidi schools, through a foundational analysis combining historical background and contemporary reality. The theoretical part defines the correct creed and its principles, highlighting the role of religious schools in preserving this theological heritage, and explaining the Ashʿari and Maturidi approach in harmonizing reason and revelation while affirming Allah’s transcendence. It, then, examines the historical development of religious schools in Kirkuk, their role in teaching key creedal texts such as *al-ʿAqaʾid al-Nasafiyyah* and *al-Jawharah fi al-Tawhid*, and their impact in producing scholars and preachers who upheld a balanced theological discourse. The research emphasizes these schools’ contribution to maintaining Sunni identity, reducing theological disputes, and fostering intellectual and religious stability. It also analyzes the intellectual and administrative challenges they face, such as weak public theological awareness, decline in structured teaching, shortage of qualified staff, and lack of institutional coordination. Proposed measures include curriculum modernization, teacher training, media engagement, and establishing a unified coordinating body. The study concludes that religious schools in Kirkuk are a cornerstone in safeguarding doctrinal identity, and that revitalizing their role is essential to preserve the moderation of religious discourse and align it with contemporary needs.

This research examines the status of the narrators whose reliability or weakness was assessed differently by Ibn Ma'in, as transmitted by his students. It compares these judgments with those of other scholars of Hadith criticism to determine the extent to which his evaluations align with the experts in the field.
The study consists of an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The first section provides a biography of Ibn Ma'in and identifies the reliable transmissions of his work "Al-Tarikh." The second section presents some applied examples that form the basis of the critical study's methodology. The conclusion highlights some of the key findings derived from the research.

Belief in prophets and messengers (peace be upon them) is one of the pillars of faith. In this research, I have explained the definition of a prophet and a messenger and the difference between them, as well as the evidence for belief in prophets and messengers. I have also clarified the opinion of scholars on this matter, as the opinions of Imams Zamakhshari and Razi (may Allah have mercy on them) on the distinction between prophets and messengers, and the need for humans for the mission of prophets and messengers. I also explain the status of our Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) among the prophets

This study investigates the narrators whom Imam Ahmad Ibn Ḥanbal characterized as “Salih Al Hadith” ,reliable/acceptable in hadith transmission, yet were classified by Al-Uqayli among the weak narrators in his seminal work Al-Dhuafa al-Kabir. The study undertakes a critical evaluation of these narrators by collecting their biographical data, analyzing their transmission reliability, and comparing Imam Ahmad’s assessments with those of other hadith critics in order to ascertain the degree of concordance or divergence between them. The study is structured into an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The first section provides a concise overview of the methodological approaches of Imam Ahmad and Al-Uqayli, while the second section presents a critical analysis of the narrators themselves. The total number of the narrators examined in this study is nine

Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. This research aims to study and analyze the concept of "its chain of narration is good" in the science of hadith. The first chapter discusses the definition of the term and its uses in hadith books, and the difference between it and similar terms such as "good chain of narration" and "authentic chain of narration". It was found that this term was not one of the agreed-upon terms among scholars, but it was used in some late sources to indicate a middle rank between authentic and good.
The second chapter provides a definition of Sheikh Ibn al-Qaisrani, highlighting his scientific status and role in the science of hadith, in addition to studying his book "Dhakirat al-Huffaz" and its importance in classifying hadiths. The study showed that Ibn al-Qaisrani was one of the scholars who were interested in critically examining chains of narration accurately, and that his book represents a valuable scientific addition in this field.
The research concluded that it is necessary to clarify the implications of uncommon hadith terms, conduct comparative studies between the classifications of hadith scholars, and call for a comprehensive scientific study of the book "Dhakirat al-Huffaz" to verify its texts and study its hadith rulings.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family, and companions. The acceptance of narrators’ reports is a central concern in the science of hadith. Due to natural differences in memory, comprehension, and accuracy, narrators vary in reliability. Moreover, ignorance and lack of recognition are unavoidable human limitations. This study examines the classification of al-majhūlūn (unknown narrators), whose status differs across hadith scholars. While some are judged trustworthy through sound evaluation, others remain unknown due to methodological differences, scholarly temperament, or simple oversight. In some cases, narrators are prematurely deemed “unknown” despite their authentication by leading authorities.
By surveying the opinions of hadith critics, the study identifies seven categories of unknown narrators. These categories are arranged in descending order, from the strongest level of acceptability to the weakest, based on criteria established by expert scholarship. Such a framework enables more precise judgments regarding narration authenticity.
The study aims to increase awareness among students of hadith about the complexity of the “unknown” label, warning against hasty dismissal of narrators and encouraging a careful, evidence-based approach in assessing reports.

This research explores the schools of Qur’anic exegesis (Tafsir), their methodologies, and their impact on differences among exegetes (mufassirūn). The importance of the topic lies in the elevated status of Tafsir, being directly connected to the Book of Allah, the Exalted, and Its role in explaining divine guidance and rulings.
Adopting a descriptive, analytical, and inductive methodology, the study begins by defining Tafsir linguistically and terminologically, and tracing its historical development. It then examines the emergence of various schools of exegesis, their distinct methods, and how these have shaped interpretive differences—especially regarding rulings on divorce and ‘iddah (waiting period).
The research finds that Tafsir bi’l-Ma’thūr (transmitted exegesis) is the earliest school, characterised by interpreting the Qur’an through the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the sayings of the Companions and Successors. In contrast, scholars are divided over Tafsir bi’l-Ra’y (opinion-based exegesis): some reject it, viewing it as speaking about Allah without knowledge, while others permit it under strict scholarly conditions and with supporting evidence

This study addresses the concept of “absolute and relative singularity” (tafarrud)" in Hadith science, focusing on its definition, applications, and impact on rulings of authenticity and acceptance. It demonstrates that singularity is not inherently a defect, but rather a flexible critical tool used by early Hadith critics, based on the narrator’s precision, the soundness of the text, and the presence of supporting evidence. The research distinguishes between "absolute singularity", which is confined to a single authentic chain, and "relative singularity", which occurs in wording, an addition, or narration from a specific teacher. Through practical examples from the *Sunan* and the statements of scholars such as al-Bukhārī, Ibn Abī Ḥātim, and Aḥmad, the study concludes that accepting or rejecting singularity is conditional upon context and corroborating factors, not on singularity itself, thereby highlighting the precision of Hadith criticism

Indeed, the greatest constitution and the most sublime book is the Book of Allah Almighty, which falsehood cannot approach from before it or behind it. It is a revelation from the Wise, the Praiseworthy. The Holy Quran, this sublime book, includes in its contents everything that humanity needs in terms of beliefs, worship, and most of it in dealings and morals. It contains news of the past and those who came before, as well as predictions and what the modern world has revealed of matters that are among its miracles. The Holy Quran includes news of those who came before and the events that occurred between the prophets and nations and their people. I have decided to research the topic: (Battles mentioned in the Holy Quran (before the prophetic mission)) and the reason for choosing this topic is: Because the study of pre-Islamic battles in the Arabian Peninsula faces many problems, the most important of which is the difficulty of chronological and historical control, the mixing of truth with fantasy, in addition to the disparity and disagreement of narrations about historical events, to stand on the details of the battles mentioned in the Quran and to examine them, and to mention the interpretation, biographers, and historians in the causes and results of these battles, and to clarify the most important lessons learned from them and the morals and sermons from that. The research plan included an introduction and four topics: the first topic: Talut and Goliath, the second topic: the battle of Moses with Pharaoh, the third topic: the incident of the elephant, the fourth topic: the battle of the Persians and the Romans, then a conclusion was followed in which the most important results reached by the research were included as well as general result of the study. Send feedback Side panels History Saved

The phenomenon of Orientalism is one of the significant issues that thinkers, scholars, and intellectuals should study and thoroughly examine, as it poses a serious threat to the Arab-Islamic society in terms of the constraints and boundaries set by Allah for Muslims. In today’s world of rapid technological development, social media, and the internet, there is a major danger to individuals and communities from Orientalists and their allies, as they spread poison and doubts in the minds of the general public. In recent times, this direct influence has become evident. From this standpoint, the study of Orientalism began by defining its concept and examining its impact on contemporary reformist thought, as well as how to respond to the doubts raised by Orientalists and enhance critical thinking within Islamic societies. The study also focuses on the issues emphasized in Orientalist research and clarifies them.

The research addresses precaution in Islamic jurisprudence regarding its conceptـ applications. It shows that precaution protects religion and honorـ supported by evidence from the Qur’anـ Sunnahـ and the Companions. Scholars defined it as avoiding the prohibited or neglecting the obligatory when in doubt.
The study highlights the scholarly disagreement: most consider it a legal principleـ while Ibn Hazm rejected it if based on a fatwa without evidence but accepted it as personal piety. Precaution is bound by conditions: no explicit textـ no neglect of Sunnah or commission of the forbiddenـ and no matters of creed. Its objectives are to safeguard rulingsـ avoid doubtsـ and clear the conscience.
Applications include: obligatory when ensuring duties or avoiding prohibitions; recommended when aiding piety or avoiding disputes; and reprehensible when causing hardship or obsessive thoughts.
The study concludes that precaution is a valid principle if practiced with balanceـ serving to preserve religion and avoid doubtful matters.