Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Benzene and its derivatives are major global energy sources due to their widespread industrial and transportation uses. However, serious health complications are connected to benzene exposure, raising concerns about environmental safety and public health. The study aims to evaluate the effect of benzene exposure on kidney function, as well as the effect on the level of the vital antioxidant glutathione, due to its crucial role in cellular protection from oxidative stress. The present study was performed on fuel stations workers in Baghdad from February to June 2024. Blood serum samples were collected from 40 workers at benzene stations and 40 non-exposed persons as control. Urea concentration, creatinine concentration, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were all estimated, as well as glutathione (GSH) concentration was determined. The result illustrates that the urea concentration increased significantly in benzene station workers (26.00 ± 1.53 mg/dL), compared to the individual control (19.10 ± 1.12 mg/dL). As well as a significant decrease in serum glutathione in benzene station workers (349.08 ± 9.69 µmol/L) compared to the control (574.60 ± 15.37 µmol/L). While there were no differences in creatinine concentration and uric acid. That indicates a higher likelihood of developing kidney disease and a few other health problems associated with oxidative stress. The study found that fuel station workers' benzene exposure alters several biochemical parameters. These changes may indicate a higher risk of health issues, such as disruptions in kidney function, and an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants.

Zingiber officinale is widely used in traditional Asian medicine. Ginger may be used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments. Ginger contains active ingredients such as phenolics (like zingerone) and sesquiterpenoids (like gingerol and shogaol). That shows antibacterial properties against a variety of bacteria, fungus, and parasites. Ginger has numerous medicinal uses for a wide range of illnesses, such as growth problems, atherosclerosis, TB, vomiting, rubella, and inflammatory diseases. To evaluate the anti-fungal activity of Z. officinale against Aspergillus fumigatus Results of the study indicate that Z. officinale extracts, both aqueous and ethanolic, have strong antifungal activity against the A. fumigatus. The concentration and kind of extract affected the antifungal action. The alcoholic extract worked better than the aqueous extract. Possibly because ethanol extracts contain stronger antifungal compounds. Antifungal effectiveness was evaluated in the current study using the poisoned food method. Results of the "disc diffusion method" on the growth of A. fumigatus using ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Z. officinale. The inhibition zones for the tested fungus were (28.6 mm) at a concentration of 25 % ethanolic extracts and (16.2 mm) at a concentration of 25 % aqueous extracts when compared to the control. The result demonstrates that ethanolic extracts were more effective than aqueous extracts, and the effect increased with increased concentration.

The current study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in gingivitis patients at Aziziyah General Hospital from November 2024 to February 2025. A total of 139 clinical samples were collected and analysed using selective media, including mannitol salt agar, and blood agar, alongside gram staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results indicated that 63 isolates (45.3 %) were positive for S. aureus, with the highest prevalence found in plaque-induced gingivitis (39.6 %). Moreover, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was identified in 29 % of cases, with varying SCCmec types detected among isolates. Findings underscore the significance of S. aureus as a major pathogen in periodontal disease and highlight the need for effective monitoring and treatment strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.

The current study employed polarization and gravimetric methods to investigate the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel in a solution with hydrochloric acid and different concentrations of phenethylamine. The inhibitor showed a high level of inhibitory effectiveness IE (%). Inhibitor's efficacy tends to decline with increasing temperature and concentration. The structure of inhibitor contains amine and ethyl groups, which are necessary for the adsorption process. These groups form a thin layer on the metal's surface and provide sufficient corrosion prevention. The thermodynamic parameters enthalpy, adsorption free energy, and entropy change were determined. Results were in line with previous research and were suitable. Adsorption and dissolution thermodynamic functions were also calculated. Moreover, DFT was used to compute thermodynamic functions of adsorption and dissolution for inhibitor. Also, energy levels of the least occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the energy of the most occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) were studied.

Organ transplantation represents a major medical achievement that offers prolonged survival for patients with chronic organ failure. The study evaluated the influence of contemporary immunosuppressive agents on cytokine gene and protein expression, including TNF-α, IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-10, using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Results revealed that patients under tacrolimus-based therapy showed a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ) compared with cyclosporine-treated recipients. While IL-10 expression was markedly elevated, suggesting a shift toward immune tolerance. Moreover, cytokine balance correlated with improved graft function and reduced rejection episodes. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory differences between regimens and underscore the potential of cytokine profiles as predictive biomarkers for transplant outcomes. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into optimizing personalized immunotherapy and improving long-term graft survival in organ transplantation.

Periodontal diseases encompass a continuum of inflammatory conditions, as a result of altered host-microbe interactions. Among the immune cells involved, neutrophils are pivotal through their ability to generate web-like structures released by neutrophils called (NETs) and histone H3 proteins modified through citrullination (CitH3). Thus, the study aim was based on the evaluation of diagnostic potential of salivary CitH3 in patients with periodontal disease. Ninety participants aged from 25 to 55 years involved in the study. Divided equally into three groups, healthy controls, patients with gingivitis, and patients with severe periodontitis/stage III. The periodontal parameters were recorded and salivary samples collected for (CitH3) evaluation using ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, and ROC curves were used for statistical analysis. CitH3 showed significantly higher levels in gingivitis and periodontitis groups (P < 0.001), with a positive significant relationship regarding gingival index. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that CitH3 exhibited a high level of discriminative power between gingivitis and control subjects (AUC = 0.90) and a decent diagnostic ability in differentiating periodontitis from health (AUC = 0.86). Salivary CitH3 seems to be a useful biomarker for periodontal inflammation because it shows how NETosis plays a role in the disease getting worse. The observed increase in patient groups substantiates its diagnostic significance, while its association with gingival inflammation suggests a potential function as a prognostic marker for periodontal disease activity.

This study aims to evaluate the potential of sesame oil to protect female rats from arsenic-induced hepatorenal toxicity. This toxicity arises from the inability of the body to metabolize heavy metals like arsenic, leading to their accumulation in soft tissues. Previous studies suggest that sesame oil, a known antioxidant, may protect against arsenic-induced toxicity in the liver and kidneys. The study included six groups: a control (distilled water) an arsenic model (40 ppm sodium arsenate in drinking water for 6 weeks).Two sesame oil control groups (5 or 2.5 mL/kg by gavage for 6 weeks),and two therapeutic groups that received arsenic for 6 weeks followed by either the high or low doses of sesame oil for another sixweeks. The histopathological assessment revealed significant liver and kidney injury in the arsenic-treated group, characterized by renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular necrosis, alongside hepatic necrosis and destruction of the normal cord-like structure of liver cells. In contrast, groupsthat received sesame oil (5 mL/kg B.W.) as a post-exposure treatment showed a profound reduction in tissue damage. Their liver and kidney morphology were largely restored to a state resembling the healthy controls. The significant results strongly suggest that sesame oil possesses therapeutic properties that protect against the histopathological effects of arsenic toxicity.Keywords: Sesame oil, Arsenic, and Histopathological.1.IntroductionSesame (Sesamum indicum) is nutritionally and medicinally significant due to its high concentration of bioactive lignans and phytoestrogens, including sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol, and sesamol [1, 2].These compounds are responsible forpotent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities, which lead to therapeutic effects such as anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hypertensive actions [3, 4].A primary mode of action involves scavenging free radicals, thereby inhibiting

Nanotechnology is one of the most important modern technologies used in several areas. The most important of these fields are medical field, as it is used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of many diseases due to its distinctive visual and engineering properties. This work has aimed to evaluate the impact of metal oxide nanoparticles on insulin binding to its receptor in sera of patients with type 2 diabetes at different stages of BMI. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by the precipitation method while copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were synthesized using the photo-irradiation method and their properties were studied using atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). ZnO nanoparticles had a particle size of 21.8-36.6 nm while CuO nanoparticles had 20-28 nm. The effectiveness of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles on insulin and insulin receptor (INSR) levels was evaluated in obese and normal-weight diabetic patients. Both nanoparticles (NPs) showed an inhibitory effect on insulin and INSR levels, while contributing to a reduction in insulin resistance.

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an extremely complex and sophisticated type of atomically thick nanoparticles composed of one or more layers of molecules. 2D Nanomaterials can have lateral sizes that reach micrometres, and by optimizing the production method, longer ones can be produced. Among the unique characteristics of 2D nanomaterials are high contrast, effective surface area, mechanical strength, plasmonic properties, electron containment, and optical properties. This study used a newly developed sustainable modified Hammers’ process to manufacture graphene oxide nanosheets which is considered one of the distinctive two-dimensional nanomaterial substrates. Compared to earlier modified Hammers’ process, this process requires less time. The morphological and structural characteristics of GO were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The TEM results for the GO nanosheets generated for this investigation showed a single- and double-layer structure. The morphological and structural characteristics were investigated GO exhibited favourable morphological and structural features are present in GO, including a nice graphitic structure and valuable oxygen-containing functional groups such as OH, COOH, and C=O functional groups. There were clear mitigation of waste creation and the possibility of reduced time and cost requirements with this modified hummer approach. The LD50 of GO nanosheets was studied in rats through different concentrations given orally, showing a significant increase in renal function test levels (urea and creatinine), in comparison to the control group at 300 mg/kg. However, only preliminary toxicity data were provided on GO\'s toxicity in rats in this work; more experimental confirmation and clarification are necessary before GO is extensively employed in biomedical applications.