Journal of Almaarif University College

Puberty is the subject of assignment, it is known either by the age of a young man or woman, or by
signs, some of which were mentioned by jurists through experiences, environment, and so on. Then, in
the present era, many issues have arisen that young men and women are going through, which may be a
reason for accelerating puberty with a new signs or rate of growth, were unknown by ancient jurists due
to the change in the environment, nutrition and moderation of the atmosphere, which causes activation
of hormones that accelerate the puberty of the young man or woman. Hence, writing in determining
puberty as an age or a sign according to the developments of the age is a matter required by modern
studies so that the contemporary fatwa is based on the changes and developments of the age.
Consequently, the idea of this research was raised. The research cossets an introduction revealing the
importance of determining the age of puberty and how it considered the basis of the assignment where
the reference to assignment (understanding the discourse). Whoever reaches the puberty was before
that either without understanding during early childhood, or deficient in understanding when he later
becomes a child of comprehension. Then I talked about puberty, in terms of jurisprudence, law, and
medicine. The research ended up with the conclusion of the most important results of the study. The
research was titled (the age of puberty and its signs according to a contemporary jurisprudential-legal
view), in which it relied on the most important Islamic Fiqh, legal and medical references.

This is a summary of the chapter on fasting from the manuscript “Khazanatul-Mufteen” (The treasury
of muftis). We participated in the verification of the chapter on fasting from the book “KhazanatulMufteen” by Imam Al-Hussein bin Muhammad bin Hussein ،Al-Samanqani Al-Hanafi died: 746 AH,
this Imam (Al-Samanqani) had a high scholarly position, as he was an ascetic scholar and a jurist in the
homeland, and he wrote two books on Hanafi jurisprudence. The number panels in the fasting chapter
is (10) panels, these panels included a detailed explanation of fasting, what spoils the fasting, about the
traveler at the time of fasting, and about the menstruating woman and the person who is junub in
Ramadan, where he reviewed the sayings of Imam Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man, the owner of the doctrine,
and the sayings of students, may Allah have mercy on them all, and his explanation was useful and
summarized, gave the benefit for both mufti and questioner.

This study explores one of the most active and productive educational methods; hence, this stylistic
phenomenon has its importance in embellishing discourse and speech with respect to diverse opinions.
Nowadays, societies love discussions and debating especially Middle-East ones. A simple discussion
may lead to a different topic and escalates into a hot debate that may be accompanied by verbal and
physical conflicts rather than tolerance and the spirit of acceptance. Active dialogues and politeness in
selecting words are evidences of the nations’ awareness, as they are considered to be the effective
methods of dialogues and the advancement of society. This paper is divided into an introduction,
definitions of terms and three sections. Firstly, the dialogues in Surah Maryam. Secondly, the etiquettes
of rhetoric and talks in Surah Maryam. Thirdly, the applied educational milestone from the methods of
dialogue and their etiquettes in the Surah. The importance of this research shows the fact that the
dialogue styles and their etiquettes are the most important pillars in the process of people’s
communication, and the convergence of views among opponents and disputants. The dialogue and its
etiquettes provide the most appropriate conditions for conflict resolution, compromise and consensus
which reflect positive influence on human relationships among community individuals. The main
objective of the study is to highlight the ways to strengthen brotherhood and human cooperation. This
method and its etiquettes can be also used to renounce clash and conflicts among people and
community; besides, it can be a good attempt to replace those negative points with taking the best of
opinions through spreading the causes of harmony, love, goodness and peace. The most important
study results are: adhering the rules of a proper dialogue to change of many nowadays conflicts into a
peaceful dialogue, happiness, reduce rivalry or quarrels, and removing many obstacles in front of the
people and community.

In (year 22 AH) Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him) prepared four armies for
the conquest of the city ،and it was actually conquered. This is a strategic factor in managing matters of
four armies and an indication of the strength of the Arab Islamic state to open battles to conquer the
country and spread Islam. Eliminating the movements against the Arab Islamic Caliphate ،and this is a
strategic dimension to preserve the pillars of the Arab and Islamic state in all those regions of the
globe. Strong leaders from the Banu Shayban and other tribes were appointed to hold the reins ،to
preserve the friendship of the tribes alongside the Arab peaceful state. Giving the tribes the material
and moral privileges in order to preserve this area. This is also a strategic factor in winning the
friendship of the tribes ،and this has witnessed the stability of the security situation. The Muslims
offered Islam to the Khazars ،this is a religious strategic factor for spreading Islam with the good.
During those ages ،the region witnessed many conflicts with the mountain kingdoms ،Azerbaijan and
the Russians. After (the year 500 AH), the principalities of this city were reunited with a single emirate
called the Emirate of Darband Sharwan, and it is ruled by the khans. It is unfortunate that it was
invaded by the Mongols in (year 618 AH), and they set off from it towards the land of the Qafjaks,
Russians and Bulgarians, and also from it they set off towards Baghdad in the year (656 AH). The
region witnessed conflict between the Mongol-Tatars. It has become a region with diverse population,
with residents of Arabs, Armenians, Persians, Khazars, Kurds and Tatars. The landmarks of Islam have
remained evident through the presence of mosques and mosques that exist to this day. The Bab Al-Bab
has strategic importance in Bab Al-Tijaria, after the Muslims made it a safe area. The presence of
mosque monuments in the walls of Al-Bab and Baku. It was said that Muslim scholars in that region
abandoned it because of its turmoil and instability and went to Medina, Baghdad, the Levant and
Egypt. The first Muslims lost many lives in order to make this region a safe zone, and this is another
indication of the sacrifice made by the early Muslims to spread Islam. And more importantly than this
and that, the first Muslims lost many lives in order to make this region a safe zone, and this is another
indication of the sacrifice made by the early Muslims to spread Islam.

Islamic law is concerned with treating infectious diseases by preventing them and limiting their spread,
and it has indicated that the primary responsibility rests with the individual, so it obliges him to do
everything that would limit the transmission of these epidemics, and the state is also responsible for
providing everything that would limit these diseases and prevent their spread Such as imposing
quarantine and providing medical and health care to those who have been afflicted by God with these
diseases, and there is no doubt that infectious diseases some of them lead to the death of those who are
infected with them, as in the Corona pandemic, and it is known that self-preservation is one of the most
important objectives of Islamic law. Therefore, preventive measures must be taken into account. It can
prevent the transmission of diseases and stop their spread. The jurists and scholars must explain to
people the matters of their religion and world so that some of them do not fall into what is forbidden
according to Sharia, so that they will be sinned by ignorance and without knowledge. The importance
and reasons for choosing this topic comes in light of the spread of epidemics from time to time, the last
of which is the Corona pandemic that has spread and afflicted many Muslims and some of them are
ignorant of the jurisprudential rulings related to these epidemics such as the rule of non-compliance
with the quarantine and the ruling on the transmission of infection intentionally and ignorant, as well as
preventive measures Islamic law that limits the spread of these epidemics. Among the results that we
reached in our research is that we have proven the transmission of infection, and it is a constant
occurrence in our Islamic history and there is no room for denying it, so it is not permissible to
deliberately transmit the infectious disease to healthy people and it is one of the major sins that entails
God’s punishment in the hereafter and retribution in this world. Ignorance and negligence of
wrongdoing without intending there is no sin on him in the hereafter, but he must guarantee what he
destroys in this world, because Islamic law has taken a group of them: the dislike of blowing into a
bowl, the prohibition of spitting on the ground, and the necessity of purification from the impurity of
some animals such as dogs and pigs that transmit diseases to humans Preventing defecation and
urination in public resources, and many measures that prevent the transmission of diseases and limit
them.

Through this research marked (the metaphor between Ibn al-Farid and Ibn al-Arabi is a comparative
study), we seek to trace the aesthetics of the Badi'ah metaphor for poets and to find out how well it is
employed by poets. As I dealt with this from two aspects of my theory through a preface in which I
dealt with the definition of metaphor for the ancients and modernists, and two researches dealt in the
first section with the style of embodiment among poets, and in the second section I dealt with the
method of diagnosis among poets. Through these two studies, the expected results of the research were
reached in the conclusion. The researcher found among the two poets a model for their approach,
method, style and artistic features, and they formulated their poetry with their charming pen, so their
poems came to be a piece of art at the top of beauty and splendor that reflected the beauty of mystical
poetry

The study aimed to identify the impact of the flexibility and clarification strategies on achievement and
improvement of linguistic intelligence skills and attitudes towards the Arabic language subject among
vocational education students in Iraq. The study adopted the semi-experimental approach, through
application on two experimental and control groups of vocational education students in Iraq. The
researcher selected two divisions of vocational education students in Iraq: (30) students in the
experimental group and (30) students in the control group, so that the educational program was applied
to the experimental group, and the control group was taught in the usual way. The educational program,
the linguistic intelligence test, and the achievement test were used, and after performing the statistical
treatment, the study reached the following results: There are no statistically significant differences at
the level of (0.05) in the degree of achievement attributable to the student's gender, where the value of
(P) is (1.43), which is not significant. Statistically, there are no statistically significant differences at the
level of (0.05) in the degree of achievement due to the interaction between the group and the sex of the
student, as the value of (P) reached (2.98) and it is not statistically significant, there are no statistically
significant differences at the level of (0.05) In the degree of total linguistic intelligence attributable to
the sex of the student, where the value of (P) was (7.09), which is not statistically significant, and there
are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) in the degree of total linguistic
intelligence due to the interaction between the group and the student’s sex, where the value reached (P)
(2.93) which is not statistically significant. The study recommended the importance of focusing in the
classroom on basic skills in reading and writing, given that these skills have a great role in providing
them with the necessary skills that will help them in the future in mastering the skills of reading and
writing, and the focus of Arabic language curricula - specifically the lower basic stage - on
investigation and storming skills. The teacher’s guide included some examples of study plans
implemented through investigation and others through brainstorming.

Begging is an issue that affects civilizations of various cultures and their children's behavior, which can
lead to criminality and society security breaches. There are societal and economic explanations behind
this phenomenon, and the techniques for dealing with poverty are discussed, including a prophetic
remedy when the Prophet is in need (peace be upon him) commanded the companion to do something
better for him than asking people, so the Messenger of God said to him: “This is better for you than for
the question to come as a black mark on your face on the Day of Resurrection, for the question is only
suitable for three: the one who is extremely poor, or the one who is deeply in debt, or the one who has
painful blood.” He warned against beggary and explained the punishment for it in the hereafter. This
was a practical and guiding treatment. Also, one of the things that deals with this bad behavior is
teamwork, which in turn creates opportunities to engage young people in work that deviates them and
attracts them to the right path to be an effective element in building a good society, then we show in the
conclusion, the results, recommendations and suggestions through which we can eliminate the
phenomenon of beggary.

The research aims to apply the data envelope analysis method to measure the efficiency of Iraqi
government banks for the period (2010-2019) and to implement the objectives of the research, the
method of data envelope analysis was chosen on (7) government banks for the period (2010-2019), this
research means measuring the efficiency of the Iraqi banking system The research reached a main
conclusion that (6) banks did not achieve efficiency, namely (Al-Rafidain Bank, Al-Rasheed Bank,
Agricultural Bank, Industrial Bank, Real Estate Bank, Trade Bank of Iraq) and one bank that achieved
efficiency during the period 2010-2019, which is (Al-Nahrain Bank Islamic(. Therefore, the research
recommends Iraqi government banks to work to raise their efficiency by modernizing banks to
strengthen their financial positions, and to provide new banking services to face intense competition in
light of the liberalization of banking services trade, and the research recommends the necessity of
financing provided by government banks to achieve economic development.

The study discusses the legal problem of immunities that affected the criminal responsibility of
individuals in the Omani judiciary. Undoubtedly, this is due to a legislative shortcoming on the one
hand and a misunderstanding on the other hand of the provisions of immunity, which contributed to its
exploitation, abuse and invocation as a vehicle for the commission of personal crimes, as well as On
the problems arising originally from deciding the immunity of certain categories of state employees,
which led to their conflicting interests with the interests of the victim, and their impunity. Therefore,
the researcher will explain the aspects of the Omani legislator’s treatment of immunity and the texts it
decided starting from the basic system of the state issued by decree Royal Decree No. (101/96) and
repealed with the issuance of the statute in force under Royal Decree No. (6/2021), then other laws,
regulations and decisions implementing them, dealing with the concept of immunity, its types, legal
nature and basis, and the problems arising from it. By extrapolating the provisions of immunity in
Omani legislation and its applications, it became clear to the researcher that there are some
shortcomings in its organization, which contributed to its misunderstanding and exploitation and
sharpened the idea of immunity for what it was decided for, as well as the existence of practical
problems of immunity that affected criminal responsibility, on a shift that calls for reconsideration and
the categories that decided Despite the legislator’s intervention by Royal Decree No. (3/2014)
regarding defining the concept of immunity and the scope of its application, the need is still urgent to
find a more accurate regulation and more precise provisions clarifying the issue of immunity, in
addition to the necessity of restricting its use without the current uses.

The phenomenon of domestic violence is one of the phenomena that human society has known since
ancient times. It is not a product of the present time; Indeed، violence has existed since God Almighty
began to create humanity. It is a historical fact that its emergence was linked to the existence of man
and developed during his human journey and civilized growth. Family violence is a global
phenomenon، as it is one of the problems that are widespread worldwide. As violence is not related to a
specific community، there is hardly a community of societies devoid of manifestations of violence،
whether apparent or latent within the simple family framework، and family violence takes different
forms that differ in form، gravity، meaning and purpose، and the seriousness of the phenomenon of
domestic violence is that it is a common and dangerous phenomenon and that Its effects are not limited
to the physical effects only، but also to the psychological effects that result from the victim affecting
his adaptation and thus his compatibility، and this in turn reflects negatively on the family، which is the
first building block of the human being and society. Whereas the widespread manifestations of
domestic violence directed against women and the family are causing negative effects on society، the
family، the public order، and on the development and development of society، in order to reduce these
manifestations; The treatment of this scourge is a matter that imposes it. It was of great importance to
clarify how the Iraqi legislator deals with domestic violence and to work to disrupt it and preserve the
family entity from it، by reviewing what is already in the Iraqi penal code، personal status، and other
Iraqi juvenile legislation as is the case in Iraqi Domestic Violence Protection Law related to the
research topic.

The sustainable increasing in population coincided with continuous, constructional expansion of cites.
It was the beginning of appearing the unlawful seizing of many areas in second world cities and the
Iraqi cities in particular. thus it was very difficult for the mentioned cities to stand in front of these
problems Al-Baghdadi city is also with in those cities that suffers from the illegal takings of many
lands. The study aims to look over these unlawful misappropriating and to find out the reasons which
stand behind this case and its locative distribution. The searcher depends on fielding study in checking
these problem, through looking for many illegal taking which are not registered in Al-Baghdadi
municipal. This study consists of three chapters, the first one is to know the meaning of
misappropriating and its causes. The second chapter deals with the qualitative and locative circulation
of these illegal behaviors and its affection on the constructional shape of the cites. While the third
chapter considers the negative effects of this problem on the towns. This study gives many maps show
these unlawful seizing in all districts in addition it gives the final conclusions and recommendation for
this problem. Hopefully this study might be approved by all officials and members of governmental
people. The study revealed that the abuses appeared clearly after 2007 due to the lack of security, the
absence of the law and the difficulty of implementing it with the weakness of the regulatory bodies and
the flexibility of some laws that gave the transgressor the right to own property as a reality that led to
the exacerbation of the situation of abuses on the water, electricity, health and education services, as
well as the abuses on land and streets and green areas.

The most important results of the study: The emergence of the most important obstacles affecting
students' adaptation to e-learning programs, including poor electronic skill, weak communication
networks, and political and security instability constitutes frustration. Great in adapting to the
requirements of e-learning, the family burdens of those married to them, the difficulty of understanding
scientific lessons, the weakness of trust between family members, the magnitude of the scientific
material that leads to the frustration of the student, and the state’s lack of interest in providing elearning techniques. As for the specialization, the study showed the occupation of an obstacle of
weakness Communication networks without benefiting from e-learning were ranked first, and with
regard to gender, the students ’economic weakness came first among males with an average of (4.33),
and fifth among females with an average of (4.32). The magnitude of the scientific material leading to
student frustration ranked second among males with an average of (4.32) and the second among
females with an average of (4.43), and the complaint came equally among both sexes, which shows us
the importance of this obstacle and taking into account the exceptional circumstance, this is what the
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research emphasized in taking into account the students
’social conditions. As for the social situation, the student’s weakness of the economic aspect was a
major obstacle to the first place among married people and the last rank among singles, and this
phenomenon came as a result of the prevalence of the phenomenon of early marriage for both sexes,
which is a phenomenon that leads With the youth due to the lack of adaptation as a result of the early
burdens that fall on their shoulders as they draw their future, they have a double role to fulfill the
requirements of daily life. Also, the obstacle of the enormity of the scientific material that leads to the
frustration of the student occupied the third rank among the married and the second among the
bachelors, which is a close result and has already appeared to the same degree in As for the rest of the
variables, as for the social environment, the obstacle of the state’s lack of interest in providing elearning technologies came second in both environments, and this is an indication that it is an urgent
need for the Ministry of Higher Education to put it among the priorities by providing audio laboratories
and other modern science techniques. One of the most important recommendations: is to mobilize all
The scientific and skillful capabilities of a faculty member whose role has become an organizer and
facilitator of the training process Badly; In order for the new experience to succeed, as for the ministry,
it is incumbent upon the ministry to provide appropriate conditions by providing audio laboratories and
other modern learning techniques, and coordinating between the Ministry of Higher Education and
Communications to support the Western Region by providing electronic reception and broadcasting
devices, and holding training courses for faculty members for e-learning and urging them to own Good
skill, lightening the momentum of the process article to suit the requirements of the stage.

The importance of population distribution study appears through its direct impact on various fields such
as economy, social and political fields. The research aims to show the pictures of the distribution of
population in Anbar Province for 2019 according to its administrative units, but differently from the
distributions taken earlier. We will depend on the distribution in several quantitative methods using
GIS through multiple quantitative maps to show the ability of digital programs to represent in more
than one method for same data, as well as the possibility of modern technologies of achieving maps and
conduct spatial analyze at the lowest time and cost. This is what we see in the preparation of population
maps for the region research clarifying what are the quantitative maps and showing the steps of their
production in GIS and the symbols used as well as using ARC GIS programs in all research stages such
as the progress of geographic return and then multiple drawing operations with the establishment of a
digital database. The search came out a set of different maps in terms of the way drawing and output.

The climate, with its multiple elements, is one of the most important pillars and requirements of the
natural tourism industry, as it provides an atmosphere that contributes to strengthening the attraction
factors as it determines the general frameworks that draw the type of tourism activity, and since the
natural data in the study area are varied and multimodal, I have taken to attracting the tourist activity in
an innate, primary way in tourism. Fishing and ecological and natural tourism based on a human and
natural compound, if the potential of this industry is available and puts it in a state of geographical
integration.