journal of kufa studies center

Financial politicians are one of the most important tools in influencing economic activity in any country, and its economic effects have been shown through international experiences, including Iraq, as it passed two thresholds of economic systems, as it initially followed the socialist system, and the central planning of the state for all the course of economic activity, including how to use financial policy indicators. The second regime that Iraq went through after 2003, which was the priorities of the previous regime, where the public sector was converted in large part to privatization, and after this year, Iraq entered the capitalist economic system, but with a destroyed infrastructure, backwardness in production structures, high indebtedness, high unemployment and a high inflation rate, the Iraqi economy faced these effects in an attempt to mitigate them, but the Iraqi economy is known for it as a rentier economy, which depends on most of its revenues from oil, and therefore The Iraqi economy was heavily influenced by the global oil market and its prices, thus disrupting the use of fiscal and monetary policies at first due to the internal conditions of the country and the effects of the wars that devastated the economic sectors.

Ibn Masum did not follow a distracted approach in his selection and weighting of the opinions of grammarians, but he relied on a set of principles, principles and rules that strengthen and prove what he followed and what he went before him in weighting, as he relied on the grammatical explanation and its sections, which he explained and proved a set of rules and adopted a set of ills such as fear of confusion, similarity, frequent use, and others. Dispute is one of the reasons for the sophistication of the human mind and its characteristic that distinguishes it from the rest of the creatures, as Ibn Ma'sum adopted a sound approach that made one of the principles of disagreement and its foundations by listening, measuring and accompanying the rules on which it was based, and we will explain, hopefully God, each origin and how Ibn Masum dealt with those principles to prove the opinions that he followed or that were good and improved for him.

One of the oldest people who have been proficient in the science of jurisprudence in the lesser occultation is Al-Hasan bin Abi Aqeel Al-Omani, and the jurists have expressed him and Ibn Al-Junaid Al-Iskafi as "the ancients or the ancients", and Ibn Abi Aqeel Al-Omani has gained respect and appreciation from the scientific scholars of his time, so much so that Ja'far bin Muhammad bin Qulawiyah, the Sheikh of Al-Qumiyyin and the teacher of Sheikh Al-Mufid, wrote to him that he was permitted to narrate his books, and he allowed him. Among the jurisprudential topics that have been addressed is the issue of divorce, which the well-known agreed with in some of its sources and disagreed with him in others, and the research has been divided into three topics, the first is on revocable divorce, the second is on khul'a and match, and the third is in the 'iddah.

Although this group does not participate in hostilities and has nothing to do with the course of combat operations as a whole, it has become highly affected by the atrocities and grave violations inflicted on them. By endeavouring the international community to establish legal rules that define obligations in order to regulate behaviors in times of war, in particular by differentiating between those who bear arms and take part in the fighting, and civilians who do not participate and have nothing to do with combat operations.

Zakat is a unique divine obligation that Allah Almighty has enacted as one of the pillars of Islam, and it is a financial worship and a financial and economic system that distinguishes the Islamic society from other societies, as Zakat is a fundamental pillar in building the financial policy in the Islamic economy, as it came to fight hoarding, usury, poverty and unemployment, and to encourage investment, through speculation, vacation and others, and to find productive projects to employ the poor and get them out of the circle of poverty to the circle of zakeen. Zakat is considered a tool that moves money and prevents its hoarding and pushes it to investment, and zakat, which is the right of every needy person, is an Islamic tool to implement social security and achieve justice between those who have and those who do not, and it means giving without asking for anything in return except for the pleasure of Allah Almighty, and it needs to be paid to those who deserve it out of faith in Allah Almighty. Because social solidarity is considered a spiritual and material worship, because money has a social and economic role and a human function, Allah Almighty has linked faith to spending money on those who deserve it, and I consider zakat to be an elevation for the human soul, because it is like altruism for others, and altruism is one of the most difficult tests for the human soul.

The Qur'anic readings are what occupied the scholars of linguistics and interpretation in the past and modern, and the scholars have devoted a lot of their attention and efforts to them, narration, commentary and authorship, and the subject of the readings is very related to the text of the Holy Qur'an, because it is concerned with the diversity of the pronunciation of the words of the Qur'an, as well as its impact on the Qur'anic meaning. In the last years of his life, he left us a book called (Al-Muhtasib in Explaining the Faces of Abnormal Readings and Clarifying them), and the importance of this book lies in its importance, the subject in which it was written, the controversy that was raised about it, and the high heel of its author in language and its sciences, and also lies in the arts of language and literature that this book has included in its books, as the reader finds in it from the poetry, prose, and dialects of their tribes something that is no less important than the phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and semantic issues that were probed by the mentality Son of a genie.

The study aims to find the significance in the structure, and to know the effect that the structures leave on the meaning, and to clarify the components hidden by the structures within the persuasive Qur'anic discourse, monitoring the semantic aspects and implicit meanings, and hence the importance of the study is followed, because most studies are based on the study of structure without attacking the extensions and branches arising from the basic structure or focus, and adhering only to identifying the patterns of structures and explaining the grammatical functions without looking for the implicit connotations that result from these structures.

The Arabic language is a rich language, and this is evident in its rich dictionary of words related to various aspects of life, including words related to the words of trees and plants, and since these words are part of the life of the Arab, we find that he has included his speech in poetry or prose, and the Arabic proverbs are an integral part of the speech of the Arabs, so it was a mirror reflecting his life that was the most recent image, and the words related to trees and plants were not outside the systems and contexts of these proverbs. Hence, the idea of this research entitled "Words of the Fruit of the Tree Notables in the Proverbs Complex of Al-Midani (d. 518 AH): A Study and a Dictionary") came as a revealing validation of the above statement.

Many books have been written in the art of tale as a literary art of fine prose, and researchers have studied its structure and the elements that make up it, but talking about the tale and linking it to a historical event of people who gave themselves to a lofty goal until the last moment of their lives makes the tale a historical text with rhythmic dimensions and real motives.

The planning process of the city requires the adoption of the existing planning standards of that city and activating them in order to achieve the objectives of the service side of this process, thus ensuring the identification of logical decisions that result in integrated solutions that allow the success of the desired planning aspect in the concerned city.

The sentence represents a fundamental pillar in expression, especially if it has the benefit that it is good to remain silent about, this is in the speech of human beings, so how can the sentence be in a miraculous text, which is the Holy Qur\'an, and in a blessed chapter, which is Surah Al-Insan, then the sentence expression must have distinctive connotations, and in order to stand on these connotations, the research came under the title (The Sentence in Surah Al-Insan: An Analytical Semantic Study).

The subject of urban sprawl and aggregation is one of the important topics in urban form studies, which must be taken into account in the processes of urban development and development, due to its effects that determine the amount of freedom or restriction of growth, and its great effects on the economic level and market freedom, as well as the nature of consumption of resources and the increase in pollution, as well as the social effects represented by levels of congestion and social problems.

The Holy Qur'an has occupied Muslims, since its revelation until now, and enriched their cultural life, with studies that dealt with it through interpretation, analysis and explanation, as they were exposed to its eloquence and the arts of its explanation, and as a result of this, various sciences such as grammar, rhetoric and others were formed, and these sciences sought through their organization and technology in an effort to translate the Qur'anic text on the ground, in order to establish a society of a human nature, benefiting from the values of the Holy Qur'an in various aspects of worldly and otherworldly human life.

These products generate forms related to the values of the society and obtain a collective agreement in terms of their significance and acquire a customary character, and thus they turn into symbols of the built environment of the society, and over time, these symbols work to achieve communication with the built environment because of the common interpretations between the members of the society and the mental images that these symbols leave in the memory of individuals and are born. They have a sense and belonging to the place, and thus these urban symbols constitute an important tool to achieve coherence in the built environment, and in this research, we will address the concepts of symbol and communication and their relationship to the built environment and the place.

Human resources are the most important resource among other resources of the organization, as the optimal investment of this resource can help organizations face environmental changes over a long period, the performance of organizations is often related to the performance of employees in their official tasks and for the purpose of making the organization able to face challenges and survive in the long term, it needs employees to carry out tasks that go beyond their formal role through interaction and voluntary cooperative relations between employees that are not related to the formal structure of the organization.

This study has been exposed to tracing the impact of the novel place in the composition of the threshold of the title of the Iraqi novel, by following up each of the patterns of the continental novel place in narrative studies, especially what Dr. Ibrahim Jandari adopted in his binary classifications of place, and our study is concerned with monitoring what the place performs from a specific point in the significance of the title and tracking this effect semiologically in the general theme of the novel. Therefore, the study began with an introduction from two branches: the first in the concept of the title, and the second in the Arab efforts in the study of the narrative place, and then come the topics of this study, in each of which we were exposed to a specific type of place patterns, so that we were exposed to the real, the imagined, the domestic, the hostile, the space of the shrine and the connecting space.

The current research examines (aesthetics representing the Qur'anic text in Islamic photography) and it consists of four chapters, the first chapter is devoted to the research problem, which was concerned with the topic of aesthetics representing the Qur'anic text in Islamic photography, which was represented in the study of the Qur'anic text and the extent to which it is reflected in the miniatures of Islamic photography that depicted the life of the society and its religious and moral issues, so it had to work on the issues of the holy spirit until the art was documented for the esoteric spiritual perception, and revealed the extent of the ability of the Muslim artist to represent stories. The problem of this research crystallized on many questions, the most important of which was the guidance from the artist himself in observing these Quranic verses and the process of representing them on the pictorial surface, or is there another guidance, and what is the extent of the aesthetics of the real representation of the sacred religious discourse? How was the first prelude to such a spiritual and artistic phenomenon in the simulation, quotation and portrayal of the Qur'anic text? The first chapter included the research objective:
It is defined as aesthetics that represent the Qur'anic text in Islamic photography. The first chapter also included the limits of the research and the most important terms contained in it. The second chapter is concerned with the theoretical framework and previous studies, and the theoretical framework consists of two topics: the first is dedicated to the aesthetic dimensions in Islamic philosophical thought, and the second topic is concerned with the representations of the religious symbol in the plastic symbol.
The third chapter was concerned with the research procedures represented by the research community and the research sample (3 models). The fourth chapter included the results of the research, conclusions, the most important recommendations, and suggestions. The research was concluded with Arabic sources and references.

The holy place that the cityof Najaf holds is due to the depth of its historical, religious, political and civilizational heritage, which has embraced the prophets of God and his messengers throughout the ages , as it is the shrine of the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him), the father of human beings, as well as the Prophet Noah and some of his descendants, not to mention what God Almighty blessed it with events.natural and geological conditions, including the state of the flood that the Holy Qur'an spoke of and other natural and mythological events that were unique to this holy city. The city of Najaf is also considered the influential historical, political, and religious pole from which the principles of political and religious governance were launched by the pioneer of truth, Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), when he was inspired by the divine flood with which God Almighty singled out the Master of Mankind and the Seal of His Prophets and Messengers, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him ).This overflow was established in the thought of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) and his pure and productive companions, during his blessed caliphate over the Muslims and their brothers from the descendants of other religions. In this way, the city of Najaf embraces millions of people annually, especially in the millions of visits, and because it has become a blessed soil for the Muslims of the world, so Muslims thought that their dead should be among the sharp of this pure soil, so that dozens of relics go to it daily, which is meant to lie among the riches adjacent to the shrine of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). Since it is a destination for millions of people, it must be a port of attraction for those souls who fall in love with the holy city of Najaf and make it in the best way and in the most beautiful way in front of the beholder who goes to it, and this requires a superior tourism thought and the existence of a tourism thought over other intellectual aspects of tourism globally in order to develop the concept of tourism and its basic requirements.and its realistic application to the city of Najaf, according to theories that reflect the quality of tourism that has enriched the world's cities beautifully through distinguished tourism planning.

The topic of fun in the workplace is one of the relatively recent topics that has been addressed in the study of organizations and work life, as many studies have encouraged managers to develop cultures based on humor and fun, and the philosophy of fun at work has been adopted and widely promoted especially in the press as a key to active and productive work environments, and (Choi et al., 2013) pointed out that fun at work is essential to encourage employees, increase their productivity, and reduce stress and stress.

The research aims to show the impact of the internal auditor's commitment to the directives issued by the National Audit Office by measuring the impact of compliance with these directives on the performance of the internal auditor on the one hand and the extent of the impact of compliance obstacles on performance on the other hand, where the deductive approach was used in the theoretical aspect and the inductive method in the practical side, and the questionnaire distributed to a group of administrators, academics, accountants and auditors was relied on. When testing the research hypothesis, it was found that there is a direct relationship between compliance with laws, regulations and standards and improving internal audit performance, as well as there is an inverse relationship between compliance barriers and improving internal audit performance within the government unit, and the research concluded that there are some obstacles that limit the improvement of the internal auditor's performance as a result of the lack of coordination in the joint work between internal and external audit authorities, the lack of sufficient attention by senior management to internal audit, and the need to grant full independence and increase knowledge of international and local standards. For scrutiny.