Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Current Research Deals With, The Impact Of The Shape Theory In Drawings Of The Orientalists, That Poses From An Aesthetic Phenomenon Filled An Important Place In The Tracer Form Of Public Discourse Plastic And Drawings Of The Orientalists In Particular.
The Basis Of Aesthetic Vision, And This Research Includes Four Chapters, The First Chapter Has Interested In The Methodological Form Of The Research Represented By The Problem Of Research Identified Study (Shape And Dimensions Of Cognitive And Formative And Remember In Drawings Of The Orientalists) And Confine Search To Find The Relationship Between The Pillars The Shape Theory In Drawings Of The Orientalists Of The Year (1865 -1900) From The Displacement Of Painters To The East In The Golden Their Time, And The Adoption Of The Descriptive Approach Within The Philosophical And Aesthetic Vision.The Second Chapter Consisted Theoretical Form, Which Included Three Sections Address The First Topic Shape Theory And General Concepts The Second Topic Dealt With Orientalism And Its Objectives And The Third On The Arab Aesthetic Components In The Environment Of Drawings Of The Orientalists.The Third Chapter, Which Included The Research Community And The Research Sample And Analysis Of Samples Of (4) Plates.
The Fourth Chapter Has Included The Search Results, Which Came From The Expressive Content And Ideas Inspired Creative Way Reflect The Aesthetic Vision Of The Capabilities Of Technical Knowledge Combined With A Coherent And Harmonious Relations In The Artwork Orientalist. Conclusions And Came To Show The Possibilities Of Achieving The Objectives Of The Research And The Researcher Worked Hard Remembrance Of The Recommendations And Proposals, Followed By The List Of Sources And Formats.

Scientific research is characterized by rigor, methodology and objectivity, and requires a lot of attention and care. It calls for continuous efforts and great ability of imagination, perseverance and self-control. But before the develloping the scientific approach in its current form, mankind used another kind of thinking, known philosophical thinking . If the scientific thinking is judged as organized and unified thinking, this does not mean that philosophical thinking is unorganized. It is a thinking subject to logical standards, and take into account the consistency of introductions with the final results. Moreover, the philosophical thinking gives more freedom to the mind and less constrained by the standard and controls and it is characterized by a kind of totalitarianism. The separation of scientific thinking came after the maturity of scientific methods, which rationalized and quantified the phenomena and their interpretations. The maturuty of the scientific thinking comes from the succes of natural Sciences, which dealt with realistic physical phenomena and it based on scientistic experimental approach as a way to understand and interpret physical phenomena. After the stunning success of the natural sciences, some scientists and thinkers try the application of the experimental methods in the study of historical phenomena which led to the separation between the history of the philosophy. However, the history subjects differ from those of the natural sciences. they are more complex and interconnected, and this is what made the scientific study of the historical phenomena known several epistemological obstacles preventing the rationalization of the historical phenomena, driving a skepticism in the value of the science of history and its ability to interpret historical phenomena using only scientific explanation without the philosophical interpretation. or is it that historical studies should return to the field of philosophy. This is what I tried to explain it through this article that addresses the following issue: Did the historical studies respect canonical scientific approach?

Suffers city of Baquba, Diyala province, which occupies the central part of eastern Iraq Center, the appearance and the growing problem of traffic jam in the streets president since shortly after the 2003 increase this problem year after year with the continuous increase of the number of cars and the survival of the road network on the same .The aim of this research to study the causes of the problem of traffic jam in the city of Baquba, effects and consequences of it and the means to tackle the problem and measures or mitigate them adopted. Find descriptive approach, and follow the researchers approach field to get data and information search through included a questionnaire (80) of motorists in the city and through tours field researchers in the streets of the city, in addition to a review of the relevant departments of the problem. The research has come to the results of the most important that some official procedures relating to the organization of traffic in the streets of the city have had the most impact on this phenomenon, in addition fundamental development that has led to the emergence of the problem is the rapid and massive increase in the number of cars after 2003, with the main streets network survival the city intact and undeveloped and the increased capacity of, and provide search some proposals to address the problem.

Central Asia is a very important for the super powers from the strategic and the geopolitics point of view. Therefore, it was the center of the regional and the international conflict in order to control it. This conflict effected the Central Asia countries for historical, economic, geographic, and political reasons. It caused an ethnic clashes and civil wars between the peoples of its countries.

The study aimed to represent the grain crops in the district Mahathir Kartokravaa , where the researcher sought to employ information and data in the preparation of high-resolution maps of high in painting and design, as well as the extraction and analysis, which includes technology the (GIS) has great potential in spatial analysis and descriptive, as well as show discrepancies geospatial phenomena on the one hand, and the spatial distribution on the other hand, causes Tbainehma, following the stylistic presentation and analysis, both of which depend on the map significantly to achieve the delivery process Alcartokrava, they represent the main objective of the map maker. The importance of this study appear in the search of his reading and analysis of the map after the data is represented by Jaraittiya and tried researcher address the hypothesis that the maps are installed maps with each other, no matter what time and match the place, on the condition that there be a relationship between variables was assisted by a researcher analytical approach quantitative analysis of the maps
Is interested in the study that how you can prepare thematic maps can highlight geographic using modern technologies phenomena and how to verify the effectiveness of representation Alcartokrava in issuing maps is a model that gives the reader a clear picture of the variance happening in the grain production of natural and human that affected this disparity? 0 and circumstances crops
We find that geographic information systems ((gis high capacity and great flexibility on the preparation and production of thematic maps of high visual perception outstanding and check in the same time the display process Alcartokrava efficiently design assumes the study, said to represent geographic data, particularly those statements pertaining to the production of grain crops and clear contrast between the administrative units As a result of the impact of some of the natural and human factors in that
The study showed the nature of the natural geographical characteristics and through the importance of geographical location, geological significance and composition, and enjoyed by the surface of diastole in the part inhabited it, as well as knowledge of the surface sections of the judiciary and its impact on the various activities, in addition to knowledge of climatic characteristics of all kinds in the study area , besides knowing extensions and natural paths of water resources and surface of the collapsed head tables and channels, and the statement of soils in the study area and natural vegetation deployed where, in addition to the statement of the main transport and secondary roads in the study area and marketing operations, as well as a statement populated areas focused all through cartographic representation of the study area

Addiction psychology of Drugs and Alcohol is a serious phenomenon in most societies. This phenomenon makes people confused toward some adolescents and unsound sons. The problem statement is represented by that thisphenomenon is one of phenomena which affects negatively on the society and educational institutions. So, this paper seeks to identify this phenomenon size, its causes, its treatment methods, and how to control it in real and good way. This paper concludes with several causes and treatments which benefits the drugtreatment practitioners and educators and which related to the real situation for addicted people of drug and alcohol.

The present research aims to comparitive between the missfather and non Miss father pupils in the psychological and social problems. So the research constracted on the primary school pupils in the Al-Karkh/3rd institution of the Gender for the Accademic year 2014-2015 and the sample reached (160) pupils (80) Miss father and using Qabeel kudiscale (1986) for Measuring the psychological and social problems and by using the statistical means such as (Person correlation coefficient and Ghi square) the research reach to not Finding a differences in the problems of lack order following and lack wash in studing while there is a differences in the rest problems. So in light of that some suggestion and recommendation where putting.

Pregnancy is a purely physiological process, but there are physical and psychological changes that the pregnant woman tells in her pregnancy. On the physical level and external appearance, the pregnant woman has many changes such as weight gain, abdominal and chest hypertrophy, and changes in the skin. On the psychological level, the pregnant woman suffers some disorders and psychological crises such as anxiety from pregnancy, childbirth and depression. The current study studies two important variables related to pregnancy (body image) and (birth anxiety) in pregnant women. And examine the relationship between them and their relationship to some variables (age, number of pregnancies and birth, month of pregnancy, and sex of the fetus). Two instruments were designed to detect body image and obstetric anxiety, and were applied to a sample of pregnant women (126) The results showed that the more negative the image of the body in pregnant women, the higher the levels of birth anxiety, and the age of the pregnant woman contributed to predicting the body image, while both the age of the pregnant woman and the number of birth times in the prediction of concern birth.

The present study addressed the issue of the overall quality of the Algerian enterprise management through the viewpoint of some supervisors, so that the study was conducted on a sample of ten supervisors National Fund for the provision and reserve in M’sila a banking institution. The study applied a questionnaire to ensure total quality management dimensions, in order to identify the extent of the application of these principles, using the descriptive data and the appropriate statistics, the study found that more than 80% of the supervisors confirmed that they are applying TQM is a high degree dimensions on customers, workers and improve operations and administrative requirements of the competition and organizational culture.

The present research aims at identifying the effect of the self-assertion method in the development of job satisfaction among the educational mentors by verifying the following hypotheses: (There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the program, the experimental group and the control group In the post-test). The experimental method was adopted to verify the hypotheses of the research. The sample consisted of (30) educational guides from those who obtained the lowest grade in the job satisfaction scale. A criterion (Rachid, 2013) was adopted for the job satisfaction of the educational counselors, which was presented to a group of experts (12 sessions). The current research found that there were statistically significant differences at (0.05) In the experimental group and for the guidance method, between the experimental groups and the control group in the post-test and for the benefit of the experimental group. Among the recommendations is the need for the media, especially the Ministry of Education, to take the role of educational guides and praise their efforts within special programs prepared for this purpose. Educational guides in other governorates and a comparison between these studies and the current study.

This paper aims at investigating" The Impact of the Flipped Classroom Strategy in the Achievement of the Second stage Intermediate Schoolgirls in Dictation Subject". To achieve this purpose the researcher put the following null hypothesis : there is no statistical difference among the achievement of the control group schoolgirls who followed the traditional method and the achievement of the experimental group schoolgirls that are taught by using the flipped classroom strategy in the dictation subject. So, the research is restricted to cover the second semester 2015/2016 , to the second stage intermediate schoolgirls , and the topic of the dictation are : "how to write the middle HazaahK on Ya'ah,ah , and all its special cases"all these topics determined by the ministry of education to be studied in the second semester .
Then, the researcher followed the experimental method in his study determining the study community which consists of (68) second stage intermediate schoolgirls and he also specified the second semester 2015/2016 .Later, the corpus was randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group which consisted of (34) who were taught depending on the flipped classroom strategy ,whereas the control group consisted of (34)students who were taught following the traditional method. After that the researcher made an achievement test applied later , the test consisted of(20 ) items which are multiple choice test . Then, the psychometric features of the test have been confirmed .the experiment was applied in 12/2/ 2016 lasted to 17/ 4/ 2016.
The results of the study revealed that the superiority of the experimental group on the control one. The results were:"the positive effect of the flipped classroom strategy on the students' achievement ",also, the recommendations were drawn finally as:"the significance of using such strategy and many other modern strategies in teaching dictation ", and accordingly ,there were three suggestions which were:"similar researches study other academic topics in dictation using other modern strategies."

Three-dimensional geometry is regarded as the most important branch in mathematics because of its relation to practical life and at the same time is an active and enjoyable material; the students regarded it as a complex and understood. Van Hill had divided the geometric thinking into five levels (imaginary, analytical, semi-deductive, absolute deductive and completely absolute deductive) so the researcher want to find out the attendance degree of these levels in math’s books for preparatory stage, and the difficulties of geometry can be traced back to the content of school books as well as the method of presentation or the loss of connecting the materials with the students’ needs and tendencies, or for both. The research problem becomes clear through the answer ti the main question: what is the degree of containing Van Hills’s levels that are included in both math’s book for fifth and sixth scientific preparatory for the academic year (2015-2016).
The limits of the research are:-
1- The 8Th chapter of math’s book at fifth scientific preparatory grade 7th edition ,2015
2- The 6th chapter of math’s book of sixth scientific preparatory grade. 7th edition ,2015
The researcher relied on analytic descriptive math’s book of preparatory grade and the sample is represented by the 8th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of fifth scientific preparatory grade and the 6th chapter (the three dimensional geometry) of math’s book of sixth scientific preparatory grade.
The researcher has built the analysis tool and has chosen the item unit (topic) as a basic unit to analyses the content, it has applicator on the sample research after finding the validity and stability of the unit
The result has been as follows:-
In relation to the identification of Van Hill’s and sixth scientific grad . The search results indicated that the levels implied in order (imaginary, semi-deductive, analytic and logical deductive) .Level V did not get any percentage.

Thispaper aims at introducing the Iraq achievements of philosophical thought to the Iraqi and Arabic readers as well as presenting the Philosophy branches generations and activities exclusive in Iraq . This paper is divided in to 3 sections .
1-philosophicol activities of the generations in philosophy branches. 2-Philosophical achievements of Dr.Muhsin Mahdi (1926-2007). 3-Philosophical achievements of Dr. Hussam Al-Awsi(1934-2013)
Then the conclusions and references.

This study aimed at recognizing:
- the improving the programs of “practical education” according to comprehensive quality standards, and the possibility of applying them from the perspectives of university teachers.
- the differences in their opinions according to the variables of the study.
- The obstacles that hinder the possibility of improving and applying the programs of “practical education” according to comprehensive quality standards.
- The requirements that help to improve and apply the programs of “practical education” according to comprehensive quality standards from university teachers’ perspective.
The researcher used the descriptive approach. He designed a set of standards that formulated a questionnaire of 29 items. He verified the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. Then he applied it on research population (30) university teachers in education college: (18 male/ 12 female).
Using the suitable statistical processes, the researcher induced the following results:
- Item 22 [the dean seeks to observe supervisors and students for the sake of avoiding errors and adapting the plans] had the highest percentage of responses 93.3%.
- Item 10 [making use of the reports and studies executed by directorates of education about local schools] had the percentage of 80% of responses.
- Both item 20 [the dean gives students the opportunity to express their success and creation] and item 26 [evaluation includes objectives and its appropriateness] had the percentage of 33.3%.
- There were statistically significant differences between male and female teachers’ opinions in depending on comprehensive quality standards for improving “practical education” and applying them for female teachers.
- There were no statistically significant differences in the mean of population opinions about improving “practical education” and the possibility of applying them according to the variable of years of expertise.
University teachers mentioned several obstacles that hinder improving “practical education” program according to comprehensive quality standards. Some of these obstacles were: (lack of necessary knowledge about comprehensive quality culture in teaching process; inadequacy of administrative cadre equipped with skills and information about comprehensive quality in educational organizations). University teachers stated the requirements of improving “practical education” program by applying comprehensive quality standards. From their perspective, these requirements were: (training administrative and cadre and university teachers in the field of comprehensive quality management in educational organizations, continual improving of standards because quality culture does not stop at a certain stage or period.

The researcher has addressed the questions of the Reading Book for the Sixth Primary Grade to be studied as the subject needs to be paid an adequate attention for its importance in teaching and not to be seen as a subordinated subject. The researcher has chosen the reading book for the Sixth Primary Grade since the Sixth Primary grade is the final and the elementary stage of education as well as pupils should adequately practise the exact reading and oral expression. The study aims at evaluating the questions of the Reading Book for the Sixth Primary Grade from Teachers' Viewpoints. To attain the study aim, the researcher has chosen the sample of 40 (females and male) teachers in the Directorates General (Al-Rusafa 1,2 and Karkh 1,2). The researcher analyzed the results and presented them according to the questionnaires and their fields, and reached several conclusions and recommendations. The researcher examined the results and recommendations of the research sample of teachers and teachers. And proposals.

Koran as is well known does not expire wonders and its sermons and verses sings every meditator and researcher in any field of research, especially educational ones; and he noticed every reader of the Koran area occupied by the story, which invites us to meditation and reflectionIt is not only Quranic stories - as is thought pesos into amusement of the Prophet and his family, but it has many purposes including transpires ways of raising awareness and likes to look at the depths of the human psyche.
The depth in Islamic thought process, study and conscious study demonstrates and proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that Islam keep pace with the developments of life and alterations decade, the Koranic story of the most important methods used by Islam - in spite of the developments of life - to feed the minds and refinement of the soul, as well as the desired and purposeful recreation are open bars of inspiration when coexist with the events told by Aziz book, the fact that the Koranic story of the main doors of the Quranic statement, gramophone for standardization and promises and warnings through the virtues and morality, behavior and legislationThe study of Quranic stories in his statement and his proof of what holds the commandments of God  and the stories of the prophets and apostles, cast a shadow over the new young people behavior and work and manners.The goal of the study known as the effect of the dominant story on the conscience of the pupil, which cast a shadow over the realization value system and moral, without difficulty and in a manner interesting and fun, without prejudice to the decisions of the (Remember - talk - dogmas - biography) and the quest for a harmonious content of initial grades main goal is to influence the behavior of the pupil , linking overweight and a reflection of what is moral and religious stories to impart excellence for other lessonsThus Vaelloukov the importance of the study focused on the one hand that the Koranic story of the most modern methods, especially the primary grades because of its profound impact in creating a magnet in the classroom is different from other lessons, as well as the realization of the imagination the student through the perception of events in the past to assume the positive role of everything that goes on and it is played roles in a simple manner without imposing a style and forbidding, but the love of good characters and it wished to be a part in the events that have sought to serve the people and here lies the impact of the story in explaining to the student that the events are repeated, and here we should let actors as they who have gone before us in human entire service. Therefore, we will adopt a descriptive approach (theoretical study) after the statement of the story - what it is - as shown in the proven content _ and then take advantage of the Islamic heritage, especially books that talk about the reasons to get off and on the Commentary on Hadeeth and also wrote the Prophet's biography that talk about the biography of the prophets and the righteous.
This study was at the forefront of the three chapters, the first chapter and the second contains three sections and chapter III includes five demands to the research methodology.

Globalization is a new phenomenon that has received widespread attention in intellectual circles which erupted - and still does - a broad controversy and varied opinions.
It is not just a linguistic term easily explained or put it in the face of another term, It is this powerful movement that go deep in all directions which are not determined in a particular stage or period . so it resembles a machine that roams the earth treading on everything and caring for nothing, it does not recognize the traditional boundary between the countries of the world, it's a machine with no steering wheel, its only direction is forward and so it is moves strongly ,growing every day and not understanding nothing except its appetite.
Globalization is not a theory developed by a scientist or a philosopher, but it’s the experiences obtained in the years of the past two decades since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Berlin Wall until the present day. A phenomenon that touched all fields to the extent that one is puzzled how to study it and build a knowledge on the subject matter, especially that each author or speaker addresses its analysis from a particular aspect, such as the economic, cultural, political or informative.
Globalization covered all aspects of human life, making it awaken minds and leading them to look for a way to upgrade and how to confront and defend cultural identities. The most dangerous aspect globalization can reach is the field of education, because education is the corner stone for all other areas such as culture, politics, economy. Education helps us maintain our Arab identity, thus making it easier for us to face globalization, and so we find ourselves in a crossroads: Globalization of Education, which causes the demise of identity or Breeding of Globalization and taming it for the benefit of our societies, and this is what we are supposed to achieve which requires many mechanisms and challenges not to be underestimated. These mechanisms are what I want my research to address and explain in the hope that it could benefit us to contain the phenomenon of globalization and ensure the permanence of the cultural identity of the Arab and Islamic societies.

In the Islamic culture, we face a human whose life is only limited to spending phases of germinal, infancy, childhood, youth and old age. With this approach, the words and concepts find deep and new form. This article attempts to deal with one of the most common concepts in human's life, i.e. disease in view of Islam while responding to questions put forward in this regard. For this purpose, the root of the word disease in Arabic (i.e. Maraza) and its derivatives were studied in all the Quranic verses (Muslim Holy Scripture). There are two kinds of Quranic verses (totally amounting to 23 verses) which refer to the disease with "Mariz" or "Marza". Examining verses which refer to the "disease" derived from the word root "maraza" and studying their characteristics lead us to the interesting results and considerable findings. In the first category, the diseases of the body, Allah looks at sick persons with these kinds of diseases with blessing and kindness while the second category, i.e. the diseases of the heart and soul, are chastisements together with wrath which require urgent treatment. It is hoped that we will be able to elucidate the status and importance of these diseases among people through this paper. Finally.

The goals of the paper: This paper aims at recognizing the following:
1-the pedagogical methods of the prophet Muhammad (peace be blessings upon him) in influence and persuasion.
2-the pedagogical methods of the prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in influence on the individuals and how to direct them educationally and adjust their delinquent behavior. The Findings of the Paper
It is very important to identify the prophetic educational principles with their study and application especially when the prophet succeeded to find a great generation that led the whole humanity to the path of security and stability after it was in wrongdoing, delusion and deviation.
This study comes to support the educator so that he up-brings of himself and to know the educational principles of the prophet (peace be upon him) in the influence and persuasion in guiding and adjusting their delinquent behavior. In this frame of getting away from the from the correct understanding of the truth of the prophetic biography through his principles of persuasion of the educator and influencing them accompanied by the prophet's behavior who was a Quran walks on earth. Besides, the absence of the sound principles and getting away from the correct approach of the prophet (peace be upon him) in his followers was the motivation after this research paper The Influence and Persuasion in the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) Style. It intends to show and find a suggested formula to make use of the prophet's style in education to uplift our youths to the level of the righteous predecessors (may Allah be pleased with them) in the prophetic age or close to it. I pray to Allah the almighty to grant me the success and rectitude.

The study aims at highlighting the instructions - numbered ( 92) 1995 and issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research – confined to the libraries of Iraqi universities, and suggesting new ones. The instructions accord with the developments in the Arabic and International Universities. The analytical descriptive method is used to fulfill the study. By logging into their sites and emailing them, the researcher has observed that the organizational structures, services, and bylaws of many Iraqi, Arabic, and International University libraries have been making use of relevant criteria and studies. The study has suggested new instructions about the organizational structures of the university libraries as to their procedures, services, buildings, supplies, and human and financial resources.

The study is concerned with the study of an important period of time in the history of modern Iraq, the period of the establishment of modern Iraq and independence through the end of the British Mandate and acceptance of joining the League of Nations, an international organization, which includes the membership of independent free countries, which took on the establishment of security and world peace through the adoption of the principle Prohibition of the use of force and the adoption of the principle of resolving international disputes by peaceful means, the research aims to achieve a set of important goals, namely:
1 - Highlight the efforts of the Iraqi government to join the League of Nations and clarify the reasons for this accession and the difficulties that accompanied the desire of the Hummah in this area.
2- Clarification of the role of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the accession of Iraq to the League of Nations during the period of occupation and mandate on Iraq.
3- Clarifying the position of the League of Nations and its member states on the issue of Iraq's membership and how to deal with its desire to enter it from the beginning of the negotiations until the decision to accept membership.
4 - Highlight the efforts of the most important Iraqi and foreign political figures, who had a role in the establishment of modern Iraq and joining the League of Nations.
Department of research into two basic topics, the first topic: the emergence of the modern Iraqi state. The second topic: Iraq, Britain and the League of Nations from the negotiations to join.

target current research to identify self-reliance among kindergarten children and significant differences in self-reliance, according to the variable of gender (male-female). And limited current research on the children of the kindergarten in the introductory class consisted research sample of 40 boys and girls were selected neo-random (4) Riad in the preliminary grade by 20 males and 20 females, and considers the researcher that the most appropriate tools to achieve the goals Search is a measure prepared by the pumice, were extracted virtual honesty of the scale and discrimination paragraphs and the relationship of the degree of paragraph college degree of the scale, the display scale as preliminary to a committee of experts in the light of views on the measure was accepted paragraphs which got 85% more agreement and deleted paragraph number ( 10) because they did not get the rate agreement was to add a new paragraph and became the number the paragraphs of the scale (30) paragraph, as has been verified the stability of the scale in a way re-testing, amounting to (83%) measure is located in (30), paragraph, and the highest possible score on the scale is (90) The degree is less potential (30) and middle of the scale is the theoretical (60) and Weights alternatives b (3,2,1)