Journal of Almaarif University College

This study examines the central character in Nageeb Mahfuth’s novel Meramar aiming at disclosing the
nature of this character in the novel. The study also explains the direct and indirect ways of presenting
this character and its various prototypes such as the maid, the journalist, the retired, the feudal, the
opportunist, and the educated resistant. The paper then studies the different dimensions of this central
character like the outward dimension, the intellectual and psychological dimensions all through the
analytical study of all its various forms- artistic, objective, psychological, and social mainly to achieve
an inclusive vision of revealing the novel’s characters.

Writing is a crucial ability for expressing thoughts, feelings, and expressions. Writing proficiency in
second language teaching is important because it allows the writer to generate, document, and
communicate a variety of messages to readers, allowing the writer to have a positive connection with
society. Composition writing improves students' ability to create an expressive text using their own
words or inventing new ones by exposing them to a variety of topics. In order to develop successful
outputs based on the quality of instructions, the thinking process requires creative skills. This study's
difficulty is related to students' poor English composition writing skills. The incapacity to develop
creative and critical thinking in composition writing could be one of the reasons. As a result, new
cognitive thinking strategies, programmes, and procedures must be implemented in practical
composition writing sessions. The purpose of this study is to see how CoRT programme affects the
composition writing skills of EFL preparatory school students.

Contact between languages has been going on for centuries. Languages are not immune to linguistic
exchanges. The lexicons of these languages have been greatly influenced by the various languages with
which they have come into contact. The exchanges of these languages are under the influence of
political, social, economic, touristic and cultural relations, with countries having one or more different
languages. And lexical units from other languages are called in French LOANS (des EMPRUNTS).
The lexicon continues to grow, mimicking the development of the whole society. The causes of
borrowing are linked to different sociocultural and sociolinguistic conditions. Some borrowings are
used in technical fields, such as sport, music, and cooking, to designate a foreign word that does not
exist in the language system of the so-called target language, by copying and pasting these words, such
as football, crescendo, and hamburger. That is to say, we borrow a word from a source language to fill
the gap in the target language. Other borrowings come from the globalization of languages, such as the
word weekend which already exists in French in the form end of week. French, like almost all
languages in the world, has borrowed lexical units from other languages. The issue of borrowings that
interests us here is that of contact between French and Kurdish, and French and Arabic.

The aim of the study is to identify the level of academic procrastination among students of AlMaarif
University College, Iraq, and its prevalence, and whether there is a difference in its level according to
academic specialization, academic levels, gender (males, females), and economic and social level. The
study was applied to a sample of (234) male and female students divided into (6) six sections,
according to the academic specialization and its stages. The researcher used a scale consisting of (22)
items. The results of the study revealed that (67, 19%) of the students are of high academic
procrastination, (71, 51%) have average procrastination, and (63, 28%) have low procrastination. The
results also showed that the arithmetic means of the total sample was ( 57, 63) degrees, while the
hypothetical average is (66) degrees, and when arranging the arithmetic average degrees according to
the academic specialization in descending order, it turned out that the highest was among the students
of the Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, then followed by the Department of Civil
Engineering, the Computer Technologies Department, the Department of English Language, Physical
education, and the lowest was the Arabic language department, and it was found that the level of
academic procrastination in the pure scientific departments is higher than that of students in the
humanities departments, and this means that there is a relationship between academic procrastination
and the variable of academic specialization, while the research revealed that there is no relationship
between academic procrastination and the variables of academic specialization. Academic levels and
gender (males, females), while it was clear that there was a weak relationship between academic
procrastination and the economic, and social level.

It is known that the parties to the working relationship are both workers and employers, and each of
them wants to achieve the best for him, even if it is at the expense of the other party, which led to a
conflict of interests between the two parties, which prompted the workers, as the weak party in the
working relationship, to find a solution that they can From confronting the employers and improving
their social conditions, and from these justifications, the strike arose, and it is considered a means of
pressure on the employers to push them to implement the workers’ demands, and this method came as a
result of the economic orientation and industrial development in the country and the consequent
increase in the number of workers in the project. As well as a result of the suffering of workers from
the abuse and mistreatment of employers, the low level of wages and the increase in working hours and
harsh conditions.

This study deals with energy prices and their relationship to macroeconomic variables. and their
relationship with macroeconomic variables, in addition to the importance of energy prices in the
Egyptian economy to sustainable development achieve. The study found that the subsidy system
applied to energy prices in Egypt places severe restrictions on the net income of the Egyptian
government from the energy sector, and since the largest part of the costs incurred by the government is
associated with subsidizing oil products, natural gas, and electricity. Also, oil prices are the most
important types of energy prices that greatly affect the macroeconomic variables of all countries, as its
price fluctuations affect the balance of payments, inflation rates, economic growth rates, global income
distribution, and all macroeconomic variables due to the association of most industries with crude oil
and its derivatives and thus energy prices Among them, oil prices have a major impact on sustainable
development in Egypt.

The world is witnessing many armed conflicts, which played a prominent role in tearing the countries
that were exposed to those conflicts, and therefore these conflicts prompted governments that are
experiencing internal or external conflicts and turmoil to seek the assistance of private military and
security companies in order to maintain their rule, and the services provided by these companies are
Several, including training, providing advice and intelligence information, as well as securing convoys
and transporting supplies, but their progress increased to the point of participating with the security
forces in the fighting. This research is of great importance in the international and national criminal
responsibility of employees of private military and security companies, to clarify individual criminal
responsibility in the light of the provisions of international humanitarian law and international criminal
law. Since private security companies are so far governed by clear and binding international rules, it is
necessary to make possible efforts to prevent serious violations of the rules of international
humanitarian law and human rights rules by employees of those companies at the internal and
international levels.

Domestic and foreign investment is considered one of the most significant factors of commercial
activity in current actuality, due to the great role, it plays in the level of monetary and sociable growth
in the governments that attract investment, and because it is a major channel through which capital and
scientific and technical expertise flow. This idea includes giving the local or foreign investor legal
guarantees against any of the commercial and non-commercial risks to which his investment project is
exposed. Therefore, the research deals with these guarantees and legislative and judicial benefits for the
local and foreign investor, their implications, method of reporting, and their types, in addition to
knowing the legal guarantees for the conservation of the intellectual and industrial effects and how to
determine these guarantees from the amended Iraqi Investment Law No. 13 of 2006. Through this
research, several results have been reached, most notably: The Iraqi investor and the foreign investor
enjoy many guarantees and benefits approved by the Iraqi Investment Law. In addition to encouraging
the Iraqi and foreign private sector to invest in Iraq by providing the necessary facilities for establishing
investment projects and enhancing the competitiveness of projects covered by the provisions of this
law. The Iraqi investment law has set real and serious guarantees for the investor, in the belief of the
legislature in the importance of investment and its role in the monetary expansion of the country. We
believe that it is a law that meets the requirements of investment, but that it needs to be reviewed in
some of its parts. With regard to intellectual property, the legislator has set guarantees and benefits for
intellectual property, it has become an urgent necessity in the dawning of the technical, industrial, and
commercial products that the world is building, and the emergence of many global and restricted
associations and agreements that have embraced intelligent property security greatly.

Conversational implicature is one of the most important and most prominent foundations of pragmatics.
Therefore, the study aims to employ the four rules of Conversational implicature of Grice (quantity,
quality, Manner, and Relation) in the novel (Escape to the Summit) by Ahmed Al-Zawiti, following the
descriptive-analytical approach, as it touched on some models of Conversational implicature in the
novel, and analyzed them according to the Pragmatics approach, so the research attempts to reveal the
theory (Conversational implicature in the novel An Escape to the Summit) by Ahmed al-Zawity
through an introduction and two demands. In the introduction, we dealt with the Conversational
implicature, the origins, and premises, in the first requirement, we dealt with: the principles of
conversational implicature and The second is for: The manifestations of the principles of implication in
the novel.

Repetition is one of the most prominent signs of beauty, so this research aims to study the rhythmic
beauty that emerges through repetition in the poetry of Hamed Miz’el Al-Rawi, whether the repetition
is real or semantic, and at the level. From one letter, one word, and phrase, this repetition is a
prominent feature of his poetry and a phenomenon of his internal music, whether in vertical poetry, free
poetry, or even prose poems, through it, the poet expresses his innermost self and his feelings, and tries
to emphasize ideas that dominate his thought and imagination. Repetition, in addition to being intended
to emphasize, is also one of the phenomena of internal music in poetry

The research aims at assessing (the effects of text inquesting skills on The achievement and literary
taste of Literature and texts subject for students of the fourth scientific grade). To achieve this, the
researcher adopted an experimental design that falls in the field of partially controlled experimental
designs, and two final tests for the two research groups, one experimental and the other controlling.
The researcher intentionally chose (Al-Mithaq Preparatory School for Boys) located in the district of
Ramadi, which belongs to Anbar Governorate, and in a random way, he chose Division C to represent
the experimental group of (35) thirty-five students, and Division (D) to represent the control group of
(37) students. Thirty-seven students. The researcher made parity between the students of the two
groups in the following variables: (intelligence test scores, chronological age calculated in months,
parents’ academic achievement, and Arabic language scores in the first semester of the 2019-2020
academic year, as well literature and texts scores). In light of the results, the searcher presented
recommendations and suggestions.

The purpose of this research is to identify the patterns of representative inference and its arguing effect
on the Badie poets, and what this type of reasoning represents in drawing the attention of the recipient
and convincing him of what the creator intends to convey to him, and that is by citing representative
arguments; Because the inference is the affirmation or denial of the ruling, and this is only possible in
the presence of evidence to prove that matter; Because representation is a mental mechanism on which
the creator relies in producing his speech and delivering it to the recipient in the required image, as it
requires from the creator an increase in awareness and awareness to highlight what raises the recipient
astonishment and breaks the horizon of expectation. It also requires the recipient to increase
discernment and good forethought; Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the artistic and literary value
of this type of inference. The research consisted of an introduction and a topic in which I studied (the
level of representational inference and its arguing effect on the Badie poets).

The research aims to study the characteristics of letters in the Qur’anic context and their impact on the
graphic interpretation. First: The sound of the Arabic letter has a place in explaining the coherence of a
single word, and then explaining its impact in the Qur’anic context. Second: Researchers must pay
attention to phonology and its relationship to the science of interpretation, and to clarify the meanings
that can benefit from the linguistic sound. Third: One of the most important results of the research is to
refer to many of the main books on interpretation, intonation books, and language books. Fourth: The
objection in the Holy Qur’an was given attention. Fifth: The Arabic letter has characteristics that differ
from one letter to another in terms of strength and looseness, and thus its effect appears in the Qur’anic
context.

This article tackles the grammatical precautions that Ibn Aqeel referred to in his explanation of AlAlfiyat Ibn Malik and it is not part of the rule mentioned in Al-Alfiya. Then it is linked to the
grammatical rule which the researcher is going to clarify with the aim of reaching the explanation of
the grammatical issue mentioned by Ibn Malik in his Alfiyah in a clear way far from ambiguity. This
will be done following the descriptive approach, using the analytical tool. In the millennium, that
precaution is synonymous, so precaution means conservatism, caution, and precaution is one of the
meanings of precaution, as the relationship between them is that of the general to the particular.

The theory of Argumentation is one of the most important theories of pragmatics that concerns the
linguistic means and the potential of the natural languages on which the speaker is available, and is
interested in studying the rhetorical effectiveness made by the persuader, in order to influence the
other(s) with the proposed thesis, its field is wide and complex, and is related to different ideological
sciences. Further, its strategies are diverse, and among them one is called the argumentative factors,
which are related to the internal structure of the text, it is not within the same saying, the opposite of
the links between arguments and results, in order to direct the addressee towards a deliberate result
where the function of factors in increasing the power of argumentative speech. The Qur’an women's
stories are rich in the employment of persuasive language due to its multiplicity of topics and the
diversity of its receivers: therefore, Quran employs a lot of argumentative strategies in order to
influence the addressees and get them to be convinced and comply with what it says, and to reflect it in
their different positions and behaviors. One of these strategies is the argumentative factors. The nature
of the research necessitated the adoption of a method based on the description, analysis, and statistics in
the treatment of verses of the Holy Quran, as it dealt with the study of the argumentative factors. The
result of the study shows that (إن (/ina/ as an argumentative factor is the most frequently used factor,
eight times, in Quran woman’s stories, to show assurance and affirmation.

The aim of the current research is to know the verbs of return in the Holy Qur’an in terms of their
connotations and uses, as the verbs of return in the Holy Qur’an are divided into two parts: transitional
movement verbs that indicate a progressive movement such as the verb separate, and the total
transitional movement verbs that indicate a retrograde movement such as return and flip, some verbs
have been linked With certain types of people such as Muslims and unbelievers, as these verbs are
mentioned to denote the threat to the polytheists and preaching to the Muslims. Especially if the act is
related to certain types of people.