Journal of Almaarif University College

Arabic is one of the synthetic languages, and it is one of the most languages that branch into various sciences and departments. Among these sciences is semantics, which is a wide-area science, intertwined with parts, broadening relationships with other linguistic, structural, and structural linguistic levels, in addition to its relations with many human sciences and knowledge such as philosophy, jurisprudence, andscience. Speech, and others, and specialized in Arabic features that made it known and clearly defined among other languages, and among these features are movement and what it performs of indications, whether morphological in the structures of words or grammatical in the end, and this research tries to stand at the importance of these movements and reveal the indications that suggest and gain the lexical singular New connotations.

This research aims to study the grammatical reasoning methods of Al-Jundi in his book "Anwar al-Misbah Explanation" of Misbah Al-Mutarrzi" that we are intending to investigate .The reason that represent as the grammatical cause and its employment, so the search was on three axes, preceded by an introduction, so the first axis dealt with the definition of the reason in the language and the terminology and the emergence of the reason in Arabic grammar, the second axis was devoted to studying the employment of the reason and its types among Arab grammarians. His attitudes towards the author of the text, then a conclusion in which we explained the most important results of the research.Keywords:The Reason;Anwar Al-Misbah;Misbah Al-Mutarrzi;The Grammatical Reasoning;Al-Jundi. https://doi.org/10.51345/.v32i1.296.g187

Grammatical controversy is one of the topics that still need serious study and pause from researchers and scholars who study Arabic grammar in order to complete its image, and it is based on a strong leg, and a pillar that runs alongside grammatical applications, especially if it is linked to mental evidence, because it enriches the grammatical lesson with discussion The analysis and evidence and evaluationof evidence, and then assessed, and the statement of strong evidence from the weak, and the student helps to understand the particles that may be overlooked, and what is most evident in the grammatical reason that is the most important part in the measurement, and what is going on around it, and the grammarians were aware of all that the grammatical cause could add to the grammatical lesson and the understanding of grammatical rulings, whether the reason is a party to the measurement, or that the grammatical rule is interpreted (the explanation), and it is not surprising that there is a lot of objection to it in the place of dispute Grammar, and it is known that its response means the issue hesitates between nullity and weakness or anomalies.

This study deals with the emerging arts of poetry, and the extent of their deviation from Khalili poetry, for Arab poetry has remained for ages controlled by the balance of the known poem since the pre-Islamic era. The syntactic aspects of this balance are based by Al-Khalil. However, with the development of Arab civilization and its mixing with other civilizations, attempts to depart from Al-Khalili system in its various forms began. The most prominent of these deviations are the seven poetic arts: Al-Muwashahat, Al-Dobbit, Al-Zajal, Al-Aquma, Al-Mawalia, Al-Band and Al-Kan Wa Kan, which are the beginning of astepping stone to poetic renewal in the modern era.Keywords:Muwashah;Poetry;Civilization;Modern;Renewal. https://doi.org/10.51345/.v32i1.265.g189

This research includes a study of the flirtatious metaphor and its aesthetic effect on ancient Arab criticism. It has an introduction that revealed the importance and content of the research,then the body of the research. It also includes an entrance that clarified the concept of metaphor in ancient criticism by presenting some of the definitions presented by old critics. Then it shows the main topic of the research،which is the metaphor and its aesthetic effect,in which the research traced the evidence of the metaphor on which critics had analytical points. The research analyzed and commented on critics' views.

Displacement is one of stylistic terms and concepts, which appeared with modern poetry, especially in poetry, because poetic Language is popular with scholars and thinkers, and ancient Arab studies have paid attention to this phenomenon, but it has been expressed in other terms, such as counting, turning, violating, and paradoxical, poetic necessity and other terms,(some may think that displacement affects only expressions and structures but rather transcends them to images, ideas, meanings, vocalization, and even at the level of Letters), it is a departure from the usual and usual to formulate new meanings on other meanings that fit the poetic text, which is Also an Aesthetic addition, through which the creator transmits his emotional experience to the recipient end works to influence him, because the displacement from his departure from the ordinary achieves aesthetic and expressive value

The research is a study of the concept of textual cohesion, through the poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh, based on the discovery of the concepts of textual cohesion and its mechanisms through studying the relationship of cohesion to the objective unity in modern poetry and the concept of text and text. The research has stopped at the most important. Concepts of textual coherence such as consistency, referral, comparison, substitution and etc. Certain texts from Adnan Al-Sayegh's poetry have been chosen as analytical models, the analysis of which reveals the jeweler's methods of imparting textual coherence to his texts, in an attempt to research is to study the entire text withoutstopping at the research parts, because this is a real application of the idea of textual coherence, which is based on a study of the structure of the text in total by assuming textual relationships as a basic engine for the structure of the text by revealing the totality of the linguistic relationships that govern the structure of the text and govern it

The importance of interpretation comes from the Holy Qur’an itself. Because the honor of a thing is honored by an honor related to it; As the interpretation clarifies and clarifies what the Qur’an came with, and since the Qur’an is the miraculous book of God and the first source of legislation, the interest in its interpretation was great, and the interpretation in the tradition was one of the sections of exegesis. Among the commentators appeared to be those who responded firmly to these narrations and criticized them, and among their myths and delusions. Al-Alusi was among the few commentators who criticized these Israeli women and confronted them. The research plan necessitated dividing it into two topics. In the first topic, I dealt with the definition of Israeli women and Al-Alusi's position on them. In the second topic, I dealt with the approach that Al-Alusi followed in his criticism of Israeli women, and then a conclusion about the most important findings drawn from the research. It is worth noting that I mention the total of the narratives that Al-Alusi criticized, which amounted to seventy-one novels, but I was not able to include all of them in this research due to their abundance and length, so I confined to what al-Alusi criticized with irony and sarcasm, and what he criticized based on sources that he relied on in his interpretation, as for the rest of the narratives that he criticized

The science of Fiqh is one of the best sciences regardedas permissible and forbidden (Halal and Haram) and what is true of acts and what is not true. This science would not have reached what it is without men who spent valuable time collecting and spreading it and clarifying it, so they were the good example and the path to Allah\'s rule. This research therefore was studied as one of the Imams of jurisprudence and as a possibility for the study of the methods of possibilities and their causes, as well as the research contained an introduction and three sections(the possibility of Imam Al-Bayhqi in a Kafir imamate, boy and imamate women in women). The first sectionisin the kid\'s imamate, the second in the Kafir imamate and the third in the female imamate, and then research was completed and the most important findings mentioned

This research aims to clarify the preferences of Imam Al-Bayhaqi in his book Al-Khilafiyat on the Chapter of Fasting. I studied them in a comparative jurisprudence study. Stating the weight of Imam Al-Bayhaqi (may God have mercy on him), if the issues of the Imam amount to more than a hundred issues of the third pillar of Islam. Keywords:Fasting;Intention Time;Voluntary Fasting; Day of Doubt;Preferences. https://doi.org/10.51345/.v32i1.194.g196

God invaded monotheism and believing in him alone is not a partner to him, but the human being deviated as the Messenger (peace be upon him) says in the hadith that he narrates from the Lord of Glory as a result of the deviation and the distance from the law of truth, human beings have established statutory and pagan religions to replace the heavenly religion. Knowing the Truth and falsehood to refute falsehoods and allegations ofthose who condemn falsehood, but the last message that descended on humanity is the religion of Islam, has special features: the oneness of God became clear and the idols were broken. A book that falsehood does not bring from his hands or from behind him a download from Hakim Hamid. Religious beliefs can be defined in general as the constants that a person embraces and lives his life according to its principles, regardless of the type of religion that he owes. Nature in many religions. This humble effort clarifies the perspective of some living religions towards God, including the heavenly religion and the positivism, so that we learn about their ideas and beliefs, and to warn of their contractual deviations, so that we distinguish between the true religions from the sick

The Islamic state between its regions and cities, there had to be a way to communicate among the people, and to know what was between them was acceptable and accepted and rejected. Centers for attracting scholars in Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, and Wasit, an important role in attracting and embracing scholars, especially Baghdad. The scholars of the Islamic East came to learn from Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, and Mosul. He was educated at the hands of Iraqi scholars, so a portion of these people went to their countries to spread their knowledge that they had learned after that great world permitted them and gave them their confidence, and some of them settledin Iraq. There are scholars who came from the Islamic East. They learned from Iraq’s scholars, and then they went on to spread their knowledge, and they have great merit in bringing all mental sciences and other useful sciences into the country for peopleto know and thus the nations will be known. There were also trips to the Levant, Egypt, and Andalusia. I thank the scholars for the good they have given us, and if they sin, I ask God Almighty to pass away from them and satisfy them with the consent of Heaven and Forgiveness, without them they would not have known. I can say that the Mashreq scholars who led to Iraq represented more than twice, who went from Iraq to the Islamic Mashreq, and this is what helped the Islamic Mashreq to thrive and God knows best.Keywords:Scientific Trips;The Orient;Iraq;Contact;Geographical Location. https://doi.org/10.51345/.v32i1.255.g199

The strategic crops in Anbar are represented by wheat, yellow corn, and barley, as the total area of them reached (314763) denims, of which (211984) denims of wheat, (66997) denims of corn, and (35755) denims of barley, and for the various administrative units of the governorate, Also, with different production quantities amounted to (204918) tons for wheat, (33497) tons for yellow corn,and (10725) tons for barley, achieving a significant moral difference when applying the Kay square to the cultivated areas and production quantities, as the standard value of wheat crop reached (147,376) The cultivated area, and (144,330) of the production amount. As for the standard value of the maize crop, it reached (43,100) for the area, and (82,119) for production, as for the barley crop, the standard value for the cultivated area was (77,465) and (128,604) for the amount of production, the moral difference between the cultivated area and the amount of production for all strategic crops cultivated in the governorate reached (0.01), representing a significant moral difference between them

Direct broadcasting through satellite raises a great problem if it is freed the information and programs without limits and restrictions, because it carries risks to the sovereignty of the receiving state. These risks caused by broadcasting programs and information that affect the political, social, cultural, economic, and other risks that befall the receiving country. This led to a conflict between the principle of state sovereignty and the principle of freedom of information flow which is the legal basis for freedom of direct satellite broadcasting and also led to the division of states between a supporter of freedom of direct satellite broadcastingand its primacy over the principle of state sovereignty and opposition to it. This research came to shed light on this problem of an attempt to address and resolve this conflict, by presenting the issue of freedom of direct satellite broadcasting and its impact on the sovereignty of the state within the framework of the rules of public international law to clarify the principles and provisions of international agreements and covenants and decisions related to this topic, as well as a preview of Juristic views and the states’ opinion.

There are many theories that emerged in fields other than literature but influenced the literary works greatly. These theories are used by scholars and critics to analyses and study the literary text. Among these theories are Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis and the theory of interpretation of dreams. According to Freud, the humanmind is divided into two parts: the conscious and the subconscious. Freud used this theory to treat his patients by making them lie down and talk about their dreams, childhood and other thoughts. It is an attempt to make the unconscious conscious. Additionally, the unconscious can be revealed through the slips of the tongue (paraphrases) and dreams. Moreover, Freud assumes that the human psyche consists of three parts: Id (a store of the human desires and needs); superego (the part of the psyche which represents the high ideals); ego (the part which tries to make a compromise between the id and the superego). He also emphasizes the effect of our childhood upon our lives. The present study is a Freudian reading to Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heightswith reference to the impact of the author’s life upon the flow of the events and the lives of the characters.

The study of the unrestricted interests has its importance and position,and this importance and prestige also derives from the challenges of the current era and its various requirements and incidents. It has been decided that a transfer and work,past and present,of the sending interests is an effective importance in understanding the rulings,carrying out the costs,drawing up the method of jurisprudence and applying it in all areas of life,conditions،issues and demands. It has been learned that the legal policy is the jurisprudence of interests that are required by the conditions of the nation at every time and place,and since the rules of the legal policy work in what has a special text and what is not in it,and the unrestricted interest works in what is not stipulated in it,so it is a wide field to consider the provisions of the legitimate policy and ijtihad in Its points of view in order to clarify the public interests in which the guardian works. This research shows one of the sources of deduction dependent on Islamic legislation,which is the unrestricted interest in its capacity to deal with emerging issues,which comes out of the womb of ijtihad based on looking at the purposes of the Sharia,and this is the science of Sharia policy based on interest.

This critique is for the article entitled of “Leading changes: why transformation explanation fails” written by Dr. Mark Hughes, who constructs it to illustrate why identification of leadership errors in Kotter’s model fails to explain the failure in transformation efforts. Kotter’s model of change has developed from a business perspective, for this, the power is concentrated in the top management hands, so it forces people to follow the change or leave the organization. Unlike Kotter, Hughes was able to recognize the changeable world when he looks for organization and leadership changes. Also, Hughes concludes that the Kotter’s model does not encourage change rather calls for improvement and has suggested evaluating of his eight-step model especially he does not share his work methods. On the relationship side, Kotter was able to understand the map of relationships inside organizations and how to use it. Change is about influence and both leadership and change is about relationships. Hughes focuses on the reasons behind the change “why” and the goal of change “target”, while Kotter emphasizes on how the top management should carry the change. Hughes is more a scientist, but Kotter is more practical.

Intercultural communicative competence or intercultural competence (hence ICC or IC) refers to the essential competency or the awareness that EFL learners should have to act effectively and successfully in intercultural situations. However, ICC or IC’s integration in EFL classrooms is often a challenge and remains limited in EFL teaching. This is because language instructors usually tend to focus on knowledge especially the linguistic items of target language rather than its cultural aspects. Hence, the current research reports on a triangulated study aim to explore the Iraqi EFL learners’ perceptions before and after the integration of the ICC in the online course. The study also attempts to show the learners’ attitudes towards the intercultural communicative competence teaching (hence ICCT) model used to improve the learners’ ICC competency. The participants were 40 Iraqi EFL students studying English language at the department of English, College of Arts, University of Anbar. Data were collected via two research instruments, namely a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the learners. The questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection, while the interviews questions were used for collecting qualitative data. The findings obtained revealed that there was an interesting significant difference in the perceptions of the EFL learners after the ICC’s integration course. This is attributed to the increased knowledge and awareness of the learners about ICC's important role in the English culture. Similarly, learners had positive attitudes towards the ICCT model and its steps. Thus, with the obtained results, the study encourages the integration of ICCT in EFL teaching.