Journal of Almaarif University College

This research, entitled; tourism from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, a jurisprudential study,
dealt with explaining the importance of tourism. It’s doubtless that tourism has great effects on the
individual and society, and an explanation of what is meant by tourism in its contemporary sense: A
group of human movements and the activities resulting from them, resulting from a person’s departure
from his homeland, in order to achieve the desire for departure and change, with an explanation of its
jurisprudential rulings and their legitimacy controls, and it is permissible as long as nothing changes its
ruling, and there is no difference in its ruling between a man and a woman as long as each of them adheres
to the legal controls. Human practiced tourism in ancient times, and tourism has now become one of the
most important economic resources for countries, and tourism has benefits for the individual, including:
the breadth of his knowledge and admonition of the situation of the former by understanding their
situation, looking and contemplating the universe, as well as dealing with the motives that drive tourism,
which may be religious or worldly, and clarifying that Islam has permitted recreation as a human need.
Illustrating that traveling for tourism for recreation is permissible. The researcher has adopted several
approaches: namely, the descriptive, analytical, and deductive approaches. The researcher has reached
into several results, including: Tourism in the language means walking and going in the land. Tourism is
a necessity and indispensable human need. Tourism is not a product of our time, but rather it is known
from ancient times. And that our true religion calls for travel and tourism as they have noble purposes
that lead to reaching the goal for which he was created, which is worship and contemplation of the
universe, and that in principle travel is permissible except for an urgent reason, and that tourism is
surrounded by the five mandatory provisions, so it may be obligatory, desirable, permissible, disliked, or
forbidden, depending on what is meant by the tourist. Tourism to non-Muslim countries, if it does not
lead to a forbidden act, then it is legitimate. Tourism in which the possibility of harm is often forbidden,
and that the non-Muslim tourist must be treated well. Based on the results, the researcher made a number
of recommendations, including: holding conferences and seminars to educate people and encourage them
to tourism, clarify the jurisprudential rulings related to tourism, and obey the rulers and follow the divine
scholars.

It is known that jurisprudence has received great interest among Muslim scholars, as they served
jurisprudence in its various sections in every time, place, events and calamities. They took great care of
the family aspect, especially the issue of marriage and marriage, as they touched on its faculties and
details, and clarified what is ambiguous about it. The jurists differed on the issue of the guardianship of
the debaucher in marriage, but most of them see the permissibility of his guardianship, because the
permissibility of guardianship is easier to work with, especially in our current reality, you rarely find a
person with all the qualities that describe a just person. The research also deals with the issue of imitation
in Islamic jurisprudence on the issue of marriage, especially in the right of the guardian and the two
witnesses. The research worked on explaining the marriage of a pregnant woman from adultery, as well
as explaining the marriage of the adulterer and others in the Islamic schools of jurisprudence based on
the Qur’an and Sunnah, with the preference of the saying closest to reality. The research dealt with the
issue of the apostasy of the spouses or one of them, the statement of the legal ruling in it, and the
difference between the one who had consummated it and the one who had not consummated it with a
valid marriage in terms of the ruling. Finally, the research came out with desired results related to the
role of marriage and the survival of the Muslim family pure, chaste and safe from all the slips around it
that exist in other families, especially Western, as well as adherence to the principles of marriage
according to Islamic Sharia, following the sayings of scholars and jurists and their approach to issues of
marriage and the formation of the Muslim family.

This study seeks to identify the (grammatical interpretation of Imam Omar bin Muhammad Abi Hafs AlNasafi (d. 537 AH) in his book: (Al-Tayseer fil-Tafseer) Al-Marfu’at as a model), and to shed light on
his distinctive methodology that he followed in his book and to show the extent to which this
interpretation accommodates the grammatical interpretation. And its impact in directing the meaning, as
well as the value shown by this aspect in the interpretation, as Abu Hafs Al-Nasfi reviews in his book
many of the Qur’anic readings that were received from the scholars of readings; In addition to his
grammatical interpretation of these readings, and to achieve the purpose of this study, its course has been
divided into issues preceded by an introduction, and followed by a number of matters that we consider
to be of importance.

Morphological thought appeared at Al-Halabi clearly and clearly in its origination of the singular in his book
(Umdatul Huffadh Fi Tafseer Asharafil Alfadh), which deals with the vocabulary of this lexical book, noting
in his analysis the different morphological formulas mentioned in the words and the connotations that
distinguish one use from another, and from the buildings The morphology that he mentioned and detailed in
it the buildings of the multitude of multitudes, mentioning the standard ones, and what are memorized and
not measured by these multitudes, and here we single out in these pages a group of Al-Halabi’s
morphological references to the buildings of the multitude of multitudes and the meanings and connotations
given to these formulas in a paper entitled (The form of plurality According to Al – Halabi in the book
Umdatul Huffadh Fi Tafseer Asharafil Alfadh).

The grammarians set their rules by carefully observing the linguistic material that they extracted and
available to them from the Holy Qur’an, and the words of the eloquent Arabs, as they began to classify
the patterns and abstract them, and whenever they found similarities between the phenomena, they
considered it a rule, and carried on it its counterparts from what was not heard of the Arabs or was not
mentioned in the eloquent texts. As for the phenomena that were forbidden to them and they could not
organize them into a rule, they considered them among the anecdotes that are preserved from the Arabs
and cannot be measured against, and that includes fundamentalist standards pertaining to the grammatical
origin and its branches with Ibn Malik. about it, so that the grammar lesson is in perfect harmony, and at
steady and confident steps.

This research aims to monitor the impact of introduction and delay in formulating the Andalusian poetic
paradox in the sixth century AH, and to show the semantic and aesthetic dimensions that characterized
the poets' poetic experience according to an inductive approach. This artistic technique highlighted the
visionary dimension in the text, which makes the reader interact with it well. This method appeared in
various forms that contributed to strengthening the text and renewing it because of the elusiveness and
shaping of the meaning it allows, the most prominent of which are: presenting the predicate over the
subject, presenting the object over the subject, and presenting the preposition and the accusative over the
predicate.

The subject of the search is tagged with Nawasikh Al-Ibtidaa In the Book “Al-Dhahab Al-Ibriz Fi Tafseer
Wa I’rab Badh Aiy Al-Kitab Al-Aziz” By Al-Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Makhlouf Al-Tha’alebi (D. 875
AH), The importance of the topic stems from the fact that it is a study in Arabic grammar It shows the
places of beauty and eloquence in the Quranic texts when Thaalabi, who helped us to realize it with good
taste and sense, especially Nawasikh Al-Ibtida with him, so he intended to mention these Copiers,
purposes and reasons for them, he opens doors for us to pick from the stuff From that expansion of
meanings to the expansion of linguistic tools that are key; to extract reservoirs of Copiers and Sensing
the features of linguistic semantics in the wise Verses of Quran.

In my research titled: (Requesting Composition Styles of Poets’ Poetry in The Book “Tarikh Al-Shahar
Wa Akhbar Alqirn Al-A’shir”, I dealt with the compositional method and then focused on the requester
from it, so I shed light in it on the commanding style, the prohibition style, the interrogative style, the
appeal style, the wishing style, and the extent to which poets came out with these Methods from their
real meaning to the metaphorical meaning - for rhetorical purposes - such as advice, guidance,
supplication, petition, rebuke, and so on.

Research Summary This research aims to study the structures displaced by deletion through the diwan
of (Ibn Al-Mustawfi Al-Irbili); It treats them at the level of the nominal structure, the actual structure,
and the abrogated structure in a stylistic manner, as the study searches for the omission patterns that the
poet (Ibn Al-Musawfi Al-Irbili) resorted to in building his poems, leading to knowing the poet's style in
building structures and his dealings with the grammatical elements within them, omitted and mentioned.
A statement of the semantic and aesthetic values of this rhetorical style within the text, as well as the
psychological motives that led the writer to choose this synthetic style alone. The deletion treatments in
the research were divided into three demands, which included: patterns of deletion in the nominal
structure, patterns of deletion in the actual structure, and patterns of deletion in the abrogated structure.

The issue of printing and craft is one of the ancient critical and rhetorical concepts, which accompanied
the process of poetic creativity and tried to define its features and control its foundations, besides, it
became the means and purpose of criticism in judging poetry in terms of quality and mediocrity in
distinguishing the good poet from the other. This issue had a special place among ancient critics and
modernists. Each of these critics had a special point of view on the issue. These critics tried to find criteria
for criticism of poetry, so they called the printed one who came with easy poetry free from education and
workmanship, that is, the one who comes free from the mind without trouble and fatigue in poetic
language. There were many studies that referred to that issue, but it remained dissonant and brief, and
did not reach the desired goal. While looking at the ancient and modern critical books, we note that they
dealt with this issue in all brevity, and among these books, Al-Omda by Ibn Rashiq, Al-Bayan and AlTibween by Al-Jahiz, and the characteristics by Ibn Jinni. , and given the importance of this topic in
ancient and modern Arabic criticism, knowing good poetry from other, and distinguishing poets among
them, my choice fell on this topic, i.e. printing and workmanship from the perspective of ancient and
modern criticism, and I relied on the historical method in writing the research. The research is divided
into an introduction, and two other sections, and in each topic, the preface talked about the concept of
the issue and the definition of printing and craft, linguistically and idiomatically. In the first section, I
dealt with the most important opinions of the old critics in printing and craftsmanship, namely Al-Asma'i,
Al-Jahiz, Ibn Qutaiba, Al-Amdi, Abu Hilal, and Ibn Rashiq, and how the opinions differed among some
and were similar to others. As for the second section: I tried to list some of the opinions of the modernists
and their objections to the issue, among them Shawqi Dhaif, who believes that the doctrine of
craftsmanship depends on elegance in artistic expression and tendency to decoration, and Mustafa Sadiq
al-Rafi’i and how he tries to differentiate between two types of craftsmanship, that is, poetic craft among
the pre-Islamic and craftsmanship at both births, and the opinion of M

The subject of the research is marked with (Manifestations of Influence and Convergence in the Critical
Perspective of Al-Muzaffar Al-Alawi (Died: 656 AH) The Attitude towards Necessities as a Model). The
importance of the topic stems from being a study in ancient Arabic criticism that shows the positions of
beauty and eloquence in poetic texts, which help us understand them with taste and delicate sense. Critics,
including Al-Muzaffar Al-Alawi, deliberately mentioned these reasons, purposes and reasons for which
the poet resorts. For straightening the weight and the beauty of the poetic image.

The research aims to study an important aspect of the technical modernity that occurred in the literary
texts in the modern era, in which the poet used many stylistic techniques that contributed to the
development and modernization of his text and make it more suitable for the taste and faster to reach the
recipient. This study, which falls under the investigations of linguistics, monitors the renewal
mechanisms provided by the modern poet in his texts and what he carried of communicative energy
capable of penetrating the privacy of the addressee and conquering him with greater ease and ease.

The research explores the problems of the modern and contemporary poem, and the data it encounters
that prevented it from reaching its reader. The research indicated the most influential problems in this
path. In an attempt to correct some deviant or illusory paths, he enumerated the role of (imitation and
reproduction - the characteristic of poetic language - intertextuality - the poem crafting - the text and its
effectiveness - the poem between restrictions and literary norms and breaking away from them) These
axes do not mean the problems of the entire poem, but they are important and the actor in the
estrangement between the poem and the recipient. It is an attempt that may open the way for an academic
student to delve into its apparent far-reaching extent, returning to the poem some of its brilliance that has
been absent from it for tens of years.

The poet Khalil Mutran was distinguished by his creativity in writing poetry. He also wrote many poems
and left behind him a treasure of masterpieces and poems. His poetic style was distinctive; as he was
distinguished by emotional honesty, sweet musical tone, and originality. In addition, the poet Khalil
Mutran is considered one of the most innovative poets in modern Arabic poetry, and one of the most
beautiful and well-known poems in all parts of the Arab world is the poem "Al-Masaa", which was
included in some educational curricula. Through this study, we will shed light on the aesthetic aspects
through which the poem "Evening" was formed.

This research aims to shed light on the phenomenon of alienation and its cruelty in the “Riyam Wa Kafa”
novel by the Iraqi novelist Hadiya Hussein. She was able to embody this phenomenon in her characters
through the narrative methods that show the psychological dimensions of the impact of some practices
on some characters, the collapse of the self-Loss of identity, suppression of desires, loss of rights, and
the most important of which is the right to live in peace and security. Further, in this research, the focus
has been given to the personalities with psychological intensity of which their feelings, thoughts and
psychological conflicts reflect crises, desires, and turbulent emotional and subconscious states. Thus, it
makes the method used in this study (psycho-text); the search for psychological motives and the secrets
of the inner world of the novelistic characters within the texts of the novel. The study included the
following topics: an introduction to the concept of alienation, alienation in the feminist novels and the
novel of Riyam wa Kafa, as well as the patterns of alienation used in the Riyam wa Kafa. Two types of
alienation were discussed, namely: alienation from the self and alienation from society .

The research aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the aquarium strategy as one of the
active education strategies for increasing students' academic achievement and developing creative
thinking. The research was conducted on a school in Anbar Governorate, west of Al-Iraq. To accomplish
this research, the researcher used a sample of seventy students, who were equally divided into two groups
(control and experimental). After completing the research requirements, the results of academic
achievement and creative thinking of tests specially developed for students of both groups were analyzed
using statistical methods and methods such as the T-test for the two independent samples. The results of
the research showed that using the fish tank strategy significantly impacts students' skills in creative
thinking and academic achievement compared to the usual method used. It is worth mentioning that the
researcher conducted a questionnaire that includes and covers the geographical area of the study area,
and it was found that many teachers trust this modern strategy and that it has a significant role in
improving students' skills in studying geography

Air flight has become an important means of modern transportation for members of society, including
pregnant women. The term of pregnancy means the time that the fetus stays in its mother’s womb. The
Iraqi, British and American legislators did not explicitly specify the duration of pregnancy, as the
American and British law referred it to medical tests, and the Iraqi law to Islamic Sharia and
jurisprudence. And that the duration of pregnancy has a significant impact on the laws of airlines and
companies operating in the air field, as the laws of the majority of airlines, including the comparison
countries (Iraq, Britain and America) stipulate the conditions or restrictions for the travel of a pregnant
woman when she embarks on the flight, and these laws have a role in the possibility of pregnant women
traveling by air, When the term of her pregnancy is close to the usual date of birth.The latest statistics
indicate that the incidence of births on flights has increased greatly in recent decades due to the frequent
trips of pregnant women to travel by this means of transportation.We have reached several results,
perhaps the most important of which are: There is no disagreement among Islamic jurists on the issue of
determining the minimum pregnancy period (six months), but there is a great deal of disagreement
between them in determining the maximum length of pregnancy, and then we made a number of
recommendations, the most important of which are: The last times on board civil aviation, and because
the majority of these births occur in the case of early pregnancy, we suggest to pregnant women that they
take into account the controls issued by the airline’s instructions when applying for a ticket, and we also
suggest to the competent authority in the airlines to conduct a good audit when accepting the request to
give the travel ticket to the woman pregnant woman.

The International Air Transport Association estimated that global airlines losses amount to $200 billion
as a result of the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and the measures and restrictions taken in travel and the
demand for it. Because of the restrictions imposed on travel, the reduction in the number of passengers
by the airline, and the reluctance of citizens to travel, in addition to the high number of injuries and
deaths, which led to a decrease in the percentage of revenues and its continuation of paying the wages of
its employees. The research aims to study the effects of Covid-19 on the Iraqi Airways company by
studying the movement of passengers on board the company and clarifying the role of procedures on air
transport revenues for Iraqi Airways. The study concluded that the Covid-19 virus has a significant and
devastating impact on air operations in a company.

This article aims to highlight a topic of great importance to human security; That is, food security, which
is concerned with ensuring that the individual has access to adequate and safe food as a human right;
This is because food is the soul of life, and without it, it would not be. Muslim jurists, past and present,
talked about ways and means of food security and how to achieve it with the aim of providing sufficient
food for the community. On the other hand, the parliament in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq spoke about
how to achieve food security through some articles in the law on agricultural development issued in
“2008 AD” No. “4”, under the title “Law for the Protection and Development of Agricultural Production
in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq ". This research evaluates the legal articles related to achieving food
security contained in the Law of "Protecting and Developing Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan
Region - Iraq" in Islamic jurisprudence; This is in terms of the extent to which those articles agree with
Islamic jurisprudence. The first topic is devoted to the concept of the term food security, its objectives,
and its components. In the second topic, the light was shed on the texts on food security contained in the
Law "Protecting and Developing Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq", then the
research showed the most important ways and means necessary to achieve food security in Islamic
jurisprudence, and then compared and evaluated the legal texts contained in the law mentioned in Islamic
jurisprudence. At the end of the research, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including: What
was stated in the law on “Protection and Development of Agricultural Production in the Kurdistan Region
- Iraq” about food security, and how to achieve it is a very beautiful thing; The researcher considers it
sufficient in the matter, and in comparison with Islamic jurisprudence, it shows that the only deficiency
in this law that distinguishes it from Islamic jurisprudence is that it did not pay attention to the ethical
aspect of the issue such as preventing monopoly, fraud, and other things that harm that security, just as
he did not pay attention to the aspect of worship, which is usually all positive laws; Because it is a human
condition, it works to organize worldly affairs and is not concerned with the accounts of the Hereafter.

The research aims to identify the methods of socialization that parents followed with their children, as
well as to know the relationship between the methods of socialization and the sports practice of children.
positivity and mathematical practice, and the researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey
method for the suitability and nature of the research, as the research sample consisted of (59) students
who were drawn as a simple random sample representing 30% of the parent community, and the
researchers prepared a questionnaire form benefiting from scientific references and previous research in
this the field, especially those related to the field of their research, where the questionnaire consisted of
(15) phrases. The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample after clarifying the required
purpose of the research. After that, the distributed questionnaires were collected, and then the phrases
were coded according to the nature of the phrase. The two researchers used a Likert scale for the answers
based on Three levels of response distributed to the questionnaire phrases, and each level represents a
weight for the answer ranging from (1-3). After collecting and processing the data statistically, the
researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: (1) There is a big important
role for parents' socialization methods on children's orientation toward sports practice. (2) There is a
strong correlation between positive socialization methods and sports practice. In light of this, the
researchers recommend the following: (1) Continuing to encourage the family, especially the parents, to
adopt positive social upbringing methods in dealing with children. (2) The need for the rest of the social
institutions, especially the school, to follow the positive methods of the process of socialization because
of its active role in students' orientation towards sports practice and to continue it in the future

The aim of this paper is to identify the politeness strategies employed by Iraqi EFL students in Al-Anbar
Distinguished Schools which is regarded an area that is infrequently investigated by scholars. To attain
this aim, the participants of the study were selected from Al-Anbar Distinguished Schools, represented
by 53 female students and 50 male students during the academic year (2021-2022) to be in direct and
frequent online interaction (via text messages) with each other as students, and with their teachers of
English language. Consequently, WhatsApp and Telegram groups were created for this online chatting.
A qualitative research design was conducted whereby online text chatting was collected to ensure the
data of this study. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by using content analysis procedure
based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) model of politeness strategies. The findings of the study revealed
that the participants utilized various types of politeness strategies in their communication via online
chatting. Based on the calculated frequencies and percentages, Positive Politeness Strategies were the
most frequently used (dominant type), then Negative Politeness Strategies, Bald On-Record and OffRecord Politeness Strategies respectively. Additionally, the findings indicated that Off-Record Politeness
Strategies were used rarely by the participants of the study.

Advertisements play an important role in the tourism industry and are a crucial part of tourism discourse.
The tourism text is not merely discourse to be transcoded, but it is embedded within a sociocultural
background. The aim of this study is to expose how the 'nature' theme is used differently to promote
tourism in different cultures. This paper examines and explores the discourse employed by English and
Arabic tourist advertisements promoting Malaysia as a tourist destination. Based on domain or
ideological categories, these advertisements try to convince potential customers to become travelers by
meeting their cultural needs and motivations. Under the shadow of the comparative literature, the paper
makes a comparison between the English and the Arabic advertisements focusing on convergences and
divergences of cultural issues and motivations. Vocatively, the English and the Arabic tourist texts
promoting Malaysia have been analyzed lexically, thematically, and the most important, culturally.
Finally, tourist attractions are extremely ingrained in the norms and culture of a country.