Journal of Almaarif University College

The modernist trend in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an is a different shift in the rooting of the
rules of interpretation, as the modernist trend formed new directions outside the framework framed for
interpretation in terms of its origins and rules. and his position on it.

The subject of the research is tagged with (the significance of definition and denial in the book
Maa’untul-Qari of Saheeh Al-Bukhari by Abu Al-Hassan al-Munufi Al-Maliki (died 939 AH.)
Defining and indefining and their significance, the hadith commentators deliberately mentioned these
causes, purposes and motives, as they open doors for us from which we can pick up the pearls of
meanings and its valuables, from that the expansion of meanings to the expansion of linguistic tools
that are key to extracting the reservoirs of prophetic expression and sensing the features of linguistic
connotations in the honorable Prophetic hadith.

This study, tagged with (the style of the internal rhythm of Sarsari) sought to study the internal rhythm
and enter into the poetry of Sarsari through a stylistic study, and to analyze all linguistic phenomena
found in poetic texts by relying on the stylistic principles represented in phonetic stylistic structures,
the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach In order to determine the language of the poet,
his style, his poetic experience, and his artistic formations, as well as access to the significance of the
texts, and the extent of the poet's ability to influence the recipient. These vocal formations were
exemplified in the study of Al-Sarari’s rhythms through models of his poetry, and the elements of
internal rhythm in the poet’s poetic discourse varied between (vocal or verbal repetition) and other
rhythmic units such as (anagrams, parallelism, and letter distribution), which helped this On
highlighting the aesthetics of the text and its meanings, the use of these intonations and linguistic units
revealed the poet’s ability to express his feelings of pent-up obsessions and feelings, and This results
from the good choice of the constructor for its phrases and words and the quality of its arrangement.
The study of the internal rhythm was reflected in the psyche of the recipient, and this is the poet's deep
vision that came through his poetry in its significance, inspiration, and beauty

This research dealt with the Egyptian poet Shehab al-Din Muhammad ibn Abd al-Moneim al-Khaymi,
who lived in Egypt during the Mamluk rule during the period from 602 AH to 685 AH from the
seventh century AH. Which shows his standing with the people of his time and who came after him. By
looking at Ibn Al-Khaymi’s Diwan and reading his poetry that he was at the peak, of high quality and
was influenced by the mystic poet Ibn Al-Farid (d. 632 AH) and others, his poetry came with a strong
smear from the ways of the people of Sufism and their view of life and the universe.

The study seeks to reveal the good use of the senses by Al-Qadi Al-Arjani, especially the sense of
sight, and how it corresponds with the data of the other four senses, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.
With effective semantics at the level of contents, depending on the descriptive analysis approach, as
well as the use of some of that on psychological and artistic features that help us in explaining the
significance of the poetic text and its dimensions that are based on employing the sense of sight.

This research deals with the most important aspects in the literature of Al-Rasafi Al-Balancy and lbn
Al-Roumi, which is the graphic image, which is one of the important pillars in the construction of the
poem. Metaphor, and metonymy in their poems.

This study examines the theme of horror in Iraqi Novelist Ward Badr Salem's novel "The Virgin of
Sinjar" This novel was inspired by the horror and bloodshed that the Yazidis experienced during the
terrorist organization ISIS's control of their cities and villages. This study looked at some of the horrors
mentioned by the author in the novel, including murder, slaughter, bloodshed, captivity, rape, burning,
imprisonment, and flogging. We decided to study and analyze because these manifestations, in our
opinion, formed the internal dynamic of the novel and allowed the rest of the narrative elements to
form and extend.

The culture was able to pass its patterns embedded in many areas of everyday lifestyle, among which
and especially its aesthetic aspects are best expressed through the poetic texts of the poet Bland alHaidari. We found that culture became the second author in parallel with the dissected texts of the
apparent author al-Haidari. We have found the effect of culture is so strong within the texts that at
times the poet expresses things in his literary language and with the full awareness that appear
differently from what the embedded subtext suggests. Our study, which came under the title: (THE
PATTERNS OF THE POLITICAL OPPOSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POETRY OF
BLAND AL-HAIDARI: AN APPROACH TO CULTURAL CRITICISM) through which we were able
to uncover a set of embedded political patterns, expressing the opposition sides, hiding under the
aesthetic rhetorical façade of the text. For this reason, we have resorted to cultural criticism, because it
is the competence of this criticism to cross the literary connotations and reach the third semantic
dimension, which is the semantic dimension. This is the essence of the difference between literary and
cultural criticism, as literary criticism does not go beyond critical aesthetics.

The beginning of the twentieth century in Algeria witnessed the decline and decline of popular
resistance with the crystallization of the demands of the Algerian youth, especially after the year 1912,
when their demands and discourses began to take a political character by rejecting the exceptional
measures related to forced conscription while demanding equality and inclusion in the hope of
improving the general conditions of Algerians. The problem of this research falls within the first axis of
the forum, which revolves around the classical political discourse and the historical study in its part
related to the similarities of political discourse and the revolutionary movement in Algeria before
independence. In research on the nature of the political discourse of the national elite in its opposition
to the French colonial authorities Especially when she expressed her position on forced conscription
and the extent of its impact on the political discourse that the national movement will adopt in its
various directions later on

The study aimed to know the methods of self-management and its impact on the development of
strategic leadership in institutions: a field study on the presidency of the Ministry of Infrastructure and
Transportation in Khartoum State. Its importance was represented in the need to apply selfmanagement methods as a modern and flexible management method and approach that contributes to
the manufacture and development of strategic leaders in business organizations. Its problem was
summarized in the low administrative efficiency in some business organizations, the poor optimal use
of modern administrative methods in them, the emergence of many problems and challenges, examples
of which are poor administrative development, the deterioration of strategic leadership preparation
rates, and the decline in performance. different operational and administrative environments. The study
relied on the questionnaire as a basic tool in collecting its primary data, and it used the random sample
method, where (35) questionnaires were distributed to a number of employees at the Ministry's
headquarters, with a recovery rate of (90%) And with an enumeration rate of (16%) of the total number
of workers headed by the Ministry. The study also used the descriptive analytical approach, the case
study method, and the SPSS program in analyzing its basic data and testing its hypotheses. And
reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the existence of a statistically significant
relationship between the use of self-management methods and the development of strategic leadership
in the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation in Khartoum State. There is a weak statistically
significant relationship between the use of self-management methods in achieving job satisfaction for
human resources at the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportation in Khartoum State. Finally, the
study recommended: the need to use the method of encouraging the presentation of development
initiatives by employees through material and moral stimulation processes to contribute to the
development of strategic leaders in the ministry. The need to use the method of activating the holding
of meetings continuously to facilitate the process of exchanging information and practical and
leadership experiences and strengthening the links of effective communication between all employees
in the ministry.

The emergence of electronic networks and their use in the provision of services to people and their
communication led to the diversity of electronic service contracts, so new contracts appeared that were
not known before, not for the reason of their convening, because electronic means are nothing but a
modern means of meeting the will of the two parties in the affirmative and acceptance for the
conclusion of the contract and it does not depart much from the traditional concepts Except in the
means of transferring the will because of its effect in determining the point of convergence of the will
in time and place, but what we are dealing with is a group of contracts represented by electronic
performances and services, which are new contracts in concept and nature. There are many forms of
electronic service contracts, as they are linked to the continuous development of technology and the
new needs and situations that it creates. This research will deal with the obligation to disclose in
electronic service contracts, which are informational accommodation contracts, virtual store and
electronic advertising, due to their convergence in the place of the contract and the description of its
parties, who are the service provider and the service consumer, and also those contracts converge in
their legal adaptation.

Public money is one of the means of the executive authority in managing its public utilities. In order to
protect it from loss, all countries enact many laws that include legal rules criminalizing illegal
trespassing or illegal use of it. Among those rules are those related to financial disclosure declarations
imposed by countries on a certain group of their employees, for the purpose of disclosing their financial
liabilities and punishing those who refrain from submitting such declarations. That is why this research
aims to clarify the penalties stated by the Iraqi Integrity Commission in the field of financial disclosure
declarations and their impact on reducing the phenomenon of financial corruption in Iraq, by following
the analytical approach of those texts for the purpose of identifying the points of imbalance and
shortcomings in them. In addition to following the comparative approach of countries like Egypt and
Jordan for the purpose of benefiting from their strengths. The research included a set of conclusions
related to the existence of aspects of legislative deficiency in those rules that affect their effectiveness
in reducing the occurrence of these crimes, and put forward several recommendations to address this
legislative deficiency, by adding legislative texts that regulate provisions for matters supporting the
effectiveness of these rules in decreasing of financial corruption crimes; arises from a breach of the
rules governing financial disclosure statements.

The developments that the world witnessed and the existence of the technological revolution led to
cyberspace being a stage for the dissemination of human intellectual creativity and the importance of
this creativity and its role in the world led everyone to seek to protect it from any aggression that might
be inflicted on it to ensure its continuity by creating a sense of security for its owners and based on that
I proceeded Countries have to conclude international agreements and enact internal legislation that
protects this type of digital creativity in all its forms from any form of attacks that may be exposed to it
in the digital environment. This important and sensitive issue requires the development of national
legislation and international agreements in a clearer and more detailed manner because many of these
digital works are subject to violation and theft. to pursue violators.

The aim of the study is to know the external and internal factors and determinants that cause the
presence of companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange during the period 2004-2020, and this means
several determinants, including internal and external, by which we mean the factors that occur outside
the companies listed in the market, and the researchers used a linear regression diagram model with
Package time intervals (ARDL) after application of the Phillips-Perron and Dickey Fuller test. The
researchers concluded that there is a clear influence of the external determinants on the market value of
the listed companies, in addition to the fact that the market value of the companies listed in the Iraqi
financial market is greatly affected by the external determinants of the market, and this effect makes
that value very far from its real value, and therefore it will be difficult for investors to be guided by it.
As an important factor in determining their investment inclinations.

The trespasses are one of the most important problems facing Iraqi cities today, which represent a new
challenge for urban planners, as the phenomenon has become a threat to the city in its existence and
distort its appearance, and the city of Al-Saqlawiya is not isolated from the rest of the Iraqi cities, in
which various forms of trespasses appeared in its basic plan, especially after 2003 as a result of the
security chaos and the weakness of the supervisory role of the authorities, and the study aims to know
the type of those trespasses, their numbers, area and negative effects on the built environment,
represented by the encroachment on the various land uses within the country. The basic design of the
city, and outside it on the agricultural lands adjacent to it, the study has reached a set of conclusions
that the most trespasses inside the city are industrial trespasses, which amounted to an area of (2.97)
hectares on the taboos of roads and parks, while outside it is residential with an area of (60) hectares
and that most of the land exceeded is agricultural land.

This research dealt with the topic of (Geographical distribution of vegetable crops grown in
greenhouses by type of crop in Ramadi district). This research dealt with the topic of (Geographical
Analysis of Vegetable Crops Cultivated in Plastic Tunnels by Crop Type in Ramadi District). And what
are the spatial differences in the distribution of plastic tunnels between the provinces in the study area
in terms of number, area and production? Therefore, the aim of the study is to show the geographical
analysis of the reality of the situation for planting vegetable crops in the plastic tunnels in terms of the
cultivated area and the quantity of production in order to optimize the investment of this type From
agriculture, which is positively reflected in providing food security for the population, data have been
collected from government departments, and the number of plastic tunnels has reached (1212) plastic
tunnels in which vegetable crops are grown (tomatoes, cucumbers, trees, eggplant, green peppers,
okra), which Contribute to filling the needs of the local market for the population. The area planted
with plastic tunnels reached (24) donums. The district (18) came first in the number of tunnels. The
number of plastic tunnels amounting to (212) plastic tunnels distributed among the cultivated crops that
export the okra crop came in the first place with (112) plastic tunnels, with a percentage of (22.6%).
155 plastic houses distributed among agricultural crops, which export the okra crop in the first place
with the number of plastic tunnels, which numbered (63) plastic tunnels, with a percentage of (12.6%).
As for the third category, the 12 acidic provinces ranked last in the number of plastic tunnels, which
amounted to There are (40) plastic tunnels distributed among agricultural crops, which export the okra
crop in the first place in the number of plastic tunnels, which numbered (13) plastic houses and a
percentage of (2.6%).

The research included the proposed solutions to address the human problems facing agricultural
(vegetable) production in the countryside of Habbaniya district, the most important of which are the
proposed solutions to address the problem of lack of agricultural investment, as well as the proposed
solutions to address the problem of fragmentation of ownership, and limited government support. It
was found through the study that human problems stand in the way of expanding agriculture and
increasing the area of agricultural land.

The research aims to analyze the morphological change in land prices and rent allowances in the city of
Hit, and the reason for this discrepancy in the city of Hit, and its municipal boundaries consisting of
(18) neighborhoods, and to shed light on the prices and rents of land and to know the extent of the
impact of commercial speculation in it, and then indicate the impact of these prices on the uses of land.
The land in the city, as there is a large variation in the prices and rents of land during the urban stages
that the city has gone through and between the parts of the city of Hit. The research relied mainly on
the field study in the process of obtaining information and data, as well as a number of library sources
and data from government departments related to this subject, in addition to personal interviews with
owners of real estate offices in the study area.

This research presents the phonological aspects which happens in KID. This study concerns with the
process which occur in connected speech such as Assimilation, Elision, Intrusion..These process are
used by the speakers of KIA .In this empirical study, the spontaneous speech of the individuals who
speak KID has been recorded in natural setting. The three phonological phenomena that concern this
study have been explained briefly before starting the phonological analysis of the data collected about
KID. This study is restricted to the analysis of segmental phonemes in KIA, that is the consonants and
vowels and any aspects related to them. It also studies the phonological processes of assimilation,
elision, and linking as aspects of connected speech.The researcher employed judgment sampling to
select my informants from the Kubiesa community for the current investigation. First, the Muslim
population in Kubeisa (KIA) speaks the language as a native speaker because they were born and
reared there, providing a practical rationale for the usage of this approach. The data collected will
depend on interviews with people who are considered native speakers of this dialect and live in kubeisa
town. The same thing is true with the conversations recorded for the same purpose.When analyzing the
examples taken from the data to point out the assimilated intruded, elided and imalized sounds in
context.Several utterances from the speech and discussions of native KIA speakers are analyzed in this
study. It includes talks and debates on a variety of subjects, including social, economic, educational,
religious, and sporting issues. Its main goal is to pinpoint the crucial phonological mechanism of KIA
within the context of the studied phonological issues. According to the hypothesis, such variances
might exist.KIA has regressive and progressive assimilation, but there is no coalescent assimilation.In
KIA,, all types of elision depend on context.

Hedging is a term of uncertainty and vagueness used by writers to mitigate and weaken the strength of
their assertion and claim. Hedging is used as a method to convey ideas and arguments appropriately to
develop good academic writing. However, misuse of hedging devices would cause unsuccessful
communication between writer and reader, hence ill-formed academic writing. This study aims to find
out the type and frequency of hedging devices in Iraqi Authors' English Literary Research Articles. To
this end, a qualitative method of analysis is used based on Hyland’s (1998) classification of hedging
devices. Fifteen research articles were selected from Iraqi interdisciplinary journals in the literary field.
The findings showed that hedging devices were used widely in literary articles. It was found that
literary articles used hedges 1000 times distributed in three main parts of articles: introduction (163 /
16.3%), discussion (679 / 67.9%) and conclusion (158 / 15.8). Hedging devices were most frequently
used in the discussion section than in the introduction and conclusion sections in literary articles.
Finally, the study implicates further application of hedging devices in both EFL and ESL contexts.

Conceptual metaphor is the structures that linguistically work to denotes metaphors. To the researcher's
best knowledge, conceptual metaphor has been tackled from different perspectives; Still few studies
have dealt with conceptual metaphor in the poetry of Emily Dickinson. The study deals with the types
of conceptual metaphor of life in Emily Dickinson's My life had stood- a loaded gun. Therefore, this
study aims at analyzing the types of conceptual metaphors of life in the target poem. To this end, the
poem was purposefully and analyzed based on Lackoff and Johnson's (2003) model of conceptual
metaphor theory. The findings revealed that there were 2 structural metaphors and 4 ontological
metaphors.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the discoursal function of modality in presidential victory
speech. The victory speech of Biden in 2020 has been selected as the data source in the present
qualitative study. The data of this study has been attained through purposive sampling from ‘The
Washington Post’. The analysis is restricted to clauses that are found in the speech by tabulated them
and analyzing each type of modality. Modality is used as a linguistic system which reflects the social
role, power, and the type of formality relationship. In addition, modality can reflect the speaker
judgments toward certain topics. To this end, The Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)
2014 was adopted as a theoretical framework to study language structure and function. Major findings
reveal that three types of modality were used in Biden’s speech. Inclination was used (20) times in the
speech and probability was used (26) times, and obligation was used only (4) times. In addition, the
fourth type (usuality) was not used in Biden’s victory speech.

This paper aims at considering and tackling Adrienne's Rich's Feminist Concerns. The late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries saw the beginning of the organized movement known as feminism, which
sought to end men's oppression of women. Critic Karen Offen points out that it wasn't until the 1880s
that the term "feminism" started to be widely used in Europe as a synonym for women's emancipation.
It was, the supporter of women's suffrage. Hubert Auclert, who coined the term "feminist," first used it
in her 1882 publication of La Citoyenne (1982) and Eugenie Potonie-Pierre and the feminist
organization Solidarite held a "feminist Congress" in Paris in May 1882. According to Rich, women
struggle to communicate their sentiments of helplessness as their identities as mothers are destroyed by
patriarchy. They can only watch what is occurring to themselves like mute onlookers because they are
torn apart into their own components and pitted against them. They are unable to declare, "These are
my children, and I will keep them." As soon as a woman becomes aware that a kid is developing inside
of her, she bows to it and adopts the patriarchal script. She gives in to the influence of theories, ideals,
archetypes, and descriptions of her new existence, despite the fact that none of these things were
created by other women and have all been secretly circling about her ever since she first became aware
of herself to be female and so capable of giving birth. Women are urged by Rich to consider what, out
of all that welter of image-making and thought spinning, is worth salvaging, if only to grasp better a
notion so fundamental in history, a condition that has been taken from the mothers themselves to
reinforce the power of the dads.

The structure and production of persuasive writing are regarded to be significantly influenced by
metadiscourse, a new and fascinating area of study that is based on the norms and expectations of those
involved. Metadiscourse markers are observed as social activities that encourage contact among
writers, readers, speakers, and listeners. In other words, authors must represent their identities in their
writings in a way that makes sense to their readers. However, some words are used in writer's identity
study in a way that can lead audiences to perceive them incorrectly. The primary goals of this study
were to examine the metadiscourse indicators that were used most frequently in Q1 Scopus-index
articles. The 10 Q1 Scopus-indexed linguistics articles from the Journal of Pragmatics that were used as
study data ranged from (2020 to 2022). On the basis of Hyland's (2005a) model of metadiscourse
markers, the data were qualitatively examined. The findings indicate that 2407 metadiscourse markers
were employed in the entire dataset. There were 1785/74.1587 % of interactive metadiscourse markers
compared to 622/25.8412 % of interactional metadiscourse markers.. Remarkably, it was found that
metadiscourse markers were regarded as an essential tool for enhancing effective communication
between authors and readers, establishing helpful possibilities for how well readers comprehend the
material, and aiding them in differentiating facts from opinions while reading a text. Finally, the study
suggests expanded use of metadiscourse-based analysis in academic writing generally and in high rank
research articles in particular.