Academic Science Journal

Because of the widespread of the Internet usage and the emergence of multiple means of communication like Social media and email applications. also the rapid development in the field of communications lead to arising of difficulties, such as finding methods for protecting transmitted data and difficulty of controlling data penetration. Public key encryption methods are considered the most suitable techniques for correspondence over the Internet, but there is a major problem facing most of the methods of this system, which is the methods of exchanging keys between the sender and the recipient.

In this paper, a new technique for generating keys proposed. by using some video properties to generate keys from data in the video randomly. The proposed method led to solve two problems at the same time. The first problem is the problem of exchanging keys, because sending the video via any means of communication does not raise the suspicion of the attacker, in addition to the difficulty of extracting the keys. The second problem is the methods of selecting the keys, because the proposed method generates many keys randomly.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by hyperglycaemia in combination with biochemical changes in glucose, lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). This study aims to assess glucose, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), UREA and Creatinine in type 1 diabetic subjects. Type 1 patients were selected from the subjects attending National Center of Diabetes (AL- Mustansiria University) the number of patients are 90 the number of male are 47 the number of female are 43. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile were determined by enzymatic methods, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by (HPLC), UREA and Creatinine (by kinetic method) in patients were compared with healthy controls there number are 30. type 1 diabetic patients showed statistically significant increase in the levels of HbA1c, urea, creatinine , FBS, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), whereas statistically significant decreased level was found in triglycerides (TGs) and very low- density lipoprotein(VLDL). In addition, HDL/LDL ratio were significantly higher than the control subject was.

In conclusion: There are associated biological vulnerabilities to type 1 diabetes compare to the control subjects. Further research is warranted to quantify the magnitude of complications and confirm their observation in clinical populations.

A histological study was performed on the cerebellum of the Iraqi pin-tailed sandgrouse bird (Pterocoles alchata (Linaeus, 1766). An abundant sandgrouse species are found in Iraq. The organism resides in arid plains and partially in rocky deserts near areas where grains are grown. The objective of this study was to thoroughly analyze the histological and morphological features of the Cerebellum in adult Pterocles alchata birds. To advance our understanding of the Cerebellum in this specific species, eight healthy bird specimens were obtained from the local market in Baghdad, Iraq. The specimens weighed approximately 223-174g and were dissected following anesthesia with chloroform. The feathers and skull bones were removed to access the brain. The cerebellum was meticulously isolated and examined to assess its shape and weight. Subsequently, the samples were immersed in a 10% formalin solution for 72 hours as part of the fixation process. The specimens were then subjected to using stains such as Hematoxylin and Eosin( H&E), Methylene blue, and Mallory. The study revealed that the cerebellum, positioned posterior to the cerebrum, comprises folded structures known as cerebellar folia. Specifically, nine folia were identified (I-IX). The folia observed in this study had a histological structure composed of two distinct layers: the cerebellar cortex and the medulla region, corresponding to the white matter. The cerebellar cortex is divided into three layers, arranged from the outermost to the innermost layer: the molecular layer, the Purkinje cells layer, and the granular cells layer.

Water is a vital source, essential for whole aspects of humanity and ecosystem existence. Unique of the greatest commanding ecological problems currently is earth water pollution among the extensive variety of pollutants affecting water incomes, heavy metals cause-specific anxiety due to their robust poisonousness even with little attentions. This study was designed for the synthesis of condensed tannin resin from leaves of the Acacia nilotica plant to remove heavy metals manganese and chromium from drinking water samples collected from Alrazi station for drinking water production in Alrazi Street, Baqubah, Iraq. Water sample treatment with condensed tannin resin was taken every ten minutes for a full hour to measure the amount of removing heavy metals. The results showed that condensed tannin resin was the most efficient in removing heavy metals manganese and chromium. The concentration of manganese recorded the following values 0.041, 0.038, 0.034, 0.032, 0.029 and 0.029 respectively, every ten minutes for a full hour with removing rate 39.6% compared with the value of control sample recorded 0.048, While the concentration of chromium recorded the following values 0.012, 0.010, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005 and 0.005 respectively every ten minutes for a full hour with removing rate 70.6% compared with the value of control sample recorded 0.017. The study of the adsorption kinetics of heavy metals manganese and chromium for both uptake capacity of heavy metal by condensed tannin resin and reach equilibrium was at a fixed time for each mineral above. The condensed tannin resin extracted from leaves of the Acacia nilotica plant was efficient in removing heavy metals manganese and chromium from drinking water.

Heavy metals are classified as non-degradable contaminants, which are considered to be among the most harmful to the environment. Samples for the research were obtained in September (2022). In this research, the ability of five species of plants grown on roadsides in the city of Baqubah - Diyala province to remove nickel from the environment (soil, air and water) was tested.The study aimed to evaluate the responsibility of various plants grown along The roadside in nickel bioremediation by estimating the concentration of nickel in the plants' leaves and soil, as well as computing the Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF).The plants used in the study were: Nerium oleander, Eucalyptus camalduulensis, Albizia lebbeck, Ficus nitida, and Callistemon viminalis species from three different locations in Baqubah city were: the industrial area, Hospital street and Al-Mustafa neighborhood. The results indicated substantial variances across the different plant types. It also showed that the soil is not polluted with nickel, compared with the natural abundance of the element in the Baqubah city, and the global average for uncontaminated soil.The C. viminalis plant was better for phytoremediation in all regions than other plants, while the other plants varied in their ability to phytoremediation of nickel. All study areas were uncontaminated to moderately contaminate with nickel and located in Class1 of Igeo classification.

The main objective of this review is to clarify the definition, types and structures of pyocins. It
also highlights the various methods and their procedures that have been employed to screen,
extract, isolate and purify pyocins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, this study
provides an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach. This
may aid future research in combating antibiotic resistance that has become increasingly
prevalent in recent years creating a burden on both the medical and financial fronts. In recent
years, the resistance to antibiotics has increased rapidly due to the misuse and the presence of
inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in various terrestrial and aquatic
environments. The misuse of these antibiotics has led to the emergence and spread of antibiotic
resistant microbes, posing challenges in treating common infections. The understanding of
these findings is crucial for devising strategies to explore alternatives such as pyocins to replace
conventional antibiotics capable of efficiently combating bacterial illnesses. The study
concluded that some techniques may not be very effective at differentiating between types of
pyocins though they are cheap which makes them beneficial for screening. On the other hand
other techniques accurately identify the pyocins, nevertheless, they are costly, complicated, and
need specific tools though some are more expensive than others. Some techniques lack
specificity, and left out centrifuge specifics that are essential to maintaining consistency

between experiments. The initial ammonium sulphate saturation has not been mentioned and a
range with ammonium sulphate precipitation with the highest yield should be measured.
Numerous strains of indicators have been employed, indicating the necessity for more extensive
research to identify trustworthy indicators for consistent outcomes.

The aim of this study to show the effect of laser fluence on Structure Properties Of α-Alumina nanoparticle (α-Al2O3) which had been synthesized by sol gel method. A laser Nd :YAG (1064 nm,1500 mJ) was used for irradiation the samples at (1 minute for 100 pulses) and ( 3 minutes for 300 pulses ). The characteristic features of the samples had been improved directly with the increasing the pulse and irradiation time of the laser as shown in these tests (XRD, FESEM, FT-IR and Hardness). The XRD analysis show diffraction peaks remained unchanged when the laser irradiation was increased but the clearest effect of the laser on the samples was a decrease in the size of the crystals. FESEM of the irradiated samples decrease in particle size when increase laser irradiation .FTIR showed no changes for all sample after laser irradiation. Also, the hardness of the irradiated samples is harder than the original sample, and the hardness increases with increasing laser pulses and irradiation time.

The auto-combustion approach of the Sol-Gel Method was employed in this study to
synthesize Mn2O3 nanoparticles, whereas the applied temperatures were 500 °C .Using
measurements of its structural properties from X-ray diffraction investigations, the cubic
nature of the pure Mn2O3 crystal structure was established.

The introduction of deep learning has brought about worthy changes in the field of speech processing. By utilizing many processing layers, models have been developed that can estimate tongue motions and extract complex information from speech data. This review study overviews the main deep learning models and their applications in tongue movement estimation function using real-time video sequences. In order to assess the relevant literature, a literature review was performed. All papers published between 2017 and 2023 that discussed methods for using deep learning techniques that were pertinent to this research were considered. After going over each article in detail, 25 of the many found met the inclusion criteria. Relevant articles were found using searches in Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus. This study's findings highlight a significant challenge to improving deep learning network performance: a dataset with real-time video sequences of tongue movements. Such a dataset is essential for developing automatic speech processing and high-accuracy estimation of tongue movements.

This study explores the dynamics of a prey-predator model under the influence of optimal harvesting strategies, using MATLAB simulations to illustrate the complex interrelationships and population fluctuations over time. Drawing on established mathematical models, the research incorporates elements of both ecological balance and economic considerations into the prey-predator interactions. The simulations produce a series of plots: temporal dynamics of prey and predator populations, phase plots of their interaction, harvesting rates against population sizes, and a comprehensive 3D representation of the system over time. These results are discussed in the context of current scholarly research, emphasizing the nuances of ecological management and sustainability. The findings highlight the importance of tailored harvesting strategies, the impact of ecological factors such as toxicity and group defense in prey, and the need for adaptive management in the face of environmental stochasticity. The study contributes to the field by providing a visual and analytical framework for understanding and managing wildlife populations, balancing ecological integrity with economic viability

In this paper, we propose two new algorithms to increase the security of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) by using a pairing function. The two algorithms are based on using two pairing functions, which are the Cantor pairing function and the Elegant pairing function, independently combining the two functions with the ECC. Both algorithms merge two ciphertexts (two points on the elliptic curve EC) into one ciphertext (one point on the elliptic curve EC). This means that only one ciphertext is sent in any of the two proposed algorithms. Sending one ciphertext results in a shorter transmission time. The proposed algorithms are safe according to security analysis. Therefore, the use of the proposed algorithms provides a high level of security and shortens the transmission time compared to classical ECC.

The Epoxy/MgO nanocomposite thin films were prepared successfully by the spin coating technique. The Epoxy/MgO nanocomposite thin films are doped with different MgO nanoparticle weight ratios (0, 2, 4, and 6% wt). The morphological, functional groups, and optical properties of samples were studied. The FE-SEM images show the homogeneous and smooth surface of the pure sample and the appearance of clusters after being doped with MgO nanoparticles. The FT-IR tests showed functional groups of MgO within the epoxy nanocomposite, which are increasing in intensity with the increase in doping, as for the optical measurements, which include absorbance, transmittance, absorption coefficient, and optical energy gap measurements, they showed that the samples have high absorbance for ultraviolet rays, and this absorbency increases with the increase in the MgO nanoparticle doping while maintaining their absorption for visible wavelengths, absorption coefficient calculations showed high value of ultraviolet rays and its increase with an increase in the MgO doping , while did not notice a clear effect on the optical energy gap with an increase in the MgO doping. This makes the Epoxy/MgO nanocomposite thin films candidates for use in transparent coatings for anti-UV rays.

In this work, we explain the basic concepts of bornological structures bornological sets and bornological groups, that solve the problems of boundedness for sets and groups. with some examples and fundamental construction for this structure such as bornological subset, product bornology, bornological isomorphism, and proof Every matrix’s space is bornological set. Also explain ideal bornological . The motivation for this part is to require less restrictive condition of boundedness correctly ideal.

This case-control study aimed to estimate serum leukotrines IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes, Interlukin-10, Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) in women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. In the current study, venous blood samples were collected from (100) women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Diyala Governorate, and whose ages ranged between (18-50) years during the period from 20/08/2023 to 01/12/2023. Also, venous blood samples were taken from (150) healthy women as a control group. In this study, the levels of serum (IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes، Interlukin-10، Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) were estimated.

The results showed that the prevalence rate of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in the studied women was 40%. The levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG were significantly elevated (P≤0.05) in the serum of patients compared to the healthy group. Also, the levels of serum LTB4, IL-10, IL-IB, and MCP were significantly increased (P≤0.05) in the patient group compared to the healthy group. It can be concluded from this study that serum levels of (IgG, IgA, IgM, Leukotrienes Interlukin-10, Interlukin-IB and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP) were elevated in women infected with trichomonasiasis.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex and widespread metabolic disorder marked by persistent
hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Despite
advances in therapy, conventional treatment approaches often fail to address the individual
variability among patients, leading to suboptimal glycaemic control and increased risk of
complications. Recent advances in biomedical science have highlighted the importance of
biochemical markers in the early detection, classification, and management of diabetes. These
markers not only aid in disease monitoring but also support the development of personalized
treatment strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. As the prevalence of DM continues
to rise globally, especially in developing regions, exploring the role of precision medicine
through biochemical and biometric profiling has become increasingly important in optimizing
care and reducing long-term complications. Samples were collected from different hospitals in
Diyala Governorate (Baquba Teaching Hospital- Diyala, Al-Zahraa Hospital- Shahraban and
Al-Khalis Hospital- Khalis).

Recently, there has been an increasing interest for applying techniques of machine learning in autonomous agent learning. The autonomous ability of agents to detect and adapt to their environment enhances their adaptability and efficacy in completing numerous activities. A learning framework known as Reinforcement learning (RL) learns an agent how to act in a way that maximizes the value of a reward signal. Within the domains of agentics, agents trained to perform various tasks through trial and error, by employing reinforcement learning. In this paper, by utilizing one of the reinforcement learning algorithms, Deep Q-learning Network (DQN). DQN, used for autonomous agent learning, the agent can learn and determine the optimum policy that will guide it to its destination from its interactions with the environment. The agent's decision-making ability allows it to modify its policy as a response to observable circumstances. Experiments performed in a simulated continuous environment, the revealed results that presented the ability of an agent to react in a response to changing conditions and demonstrated that the agent was effectively adapting its behavior in accordance with the learned policy.

The iron ion assay made use of a novel spectrophotometric technique. Forming separate and pure samples. The approach relies on the diazocoupling of iron ions with the synthesis reagent 4-((3-(2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino)phenyl).The compound is named 5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)diazenyl.