Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Humanities Sciences

This research aims to identify the natural vegetation in the region and show the geographical factors that affect its distribution, as well as to highlight the environmental effects resulting from the removal of vegetation cover. Rainfall is beneficial for natural vegetation, but its fluctuation has affected plant growth and reduced its spatial and typological spread. The study aimed to identify the relationship between rainfall and the distribution of natural vegetation. It relied on satellite images for three years (1990, 2000, and 2016). A numerical measurement of natural plants was conducted at five sites to determine density and frequency. A questionnaire was also distributed to a sample of household heads in the areas. The research concluded that there is a variation in the geographical distribution of natural vegetation between the northern and southern regions due to differences in rainfall amounts and temperatures. The study recommends reducing the negative impact of high temperatures by increasing green areas and preserving existing ones, especially in the southern (marginal) regions where rainfall is significantly low. It also suggests using remote sensing techniques to monitor vegetation cover, assess its condition in terms of type and density, and establish natural reserves to support and rehabilitate degraded areas.

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of climate, its fluctuations and changes on the exposure of palm trees to various diseases, Due to the economic and environmental importance of these trees in the study area, which is one of the important District of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate with an agricultural economy, This was a scientific justification for investigating the relationship between the local climate of the district and the diseases affecting palm trees, The regional approach was used to define the study area and the systematic approach supported it in addressing the impact of climatic factors on the incidence of diseases in palm trees. The research found that there is a clear direct relationship between climate and the increase in incidence of palm tree diseases. The higher the temperature, the greater the incidence of some diseases, especially those caused by the Dubas insect. The increase in dust storms also increases the impact of these insects that cause these diseases. The research suggested that insecticide spraying should be done at the specified time before temperatures rise significantly or before the winds increase, causing dust. The study also stressed the need to carry out agricultural education for palm grove owners in the district by activating the work of agricultural guides and investing in modern communication technologies to spread this awareness.

The research sheds light on the spatial distribution of specialized health centers in the city of Diwaniyah. It was found that there are (11) specialized centers in the city, (2) of which contain halls and beds for patients. The rest of the specialized centers are designated for examining patients using devices designated for each specialized center according to the type of service it provides and determining the appropriate type of treatment for visitors. The research also addresses the number of visitors to these centers according to age groups. The research sheds light on the health region of specialized health centers in the city of Diwaniyah. It became clear that the region of most specialized centers extends not only to the districts affiliated with the Qadisiyah Governorate, but also to the neighboring governorates, especially Muthanna and Babil Governorates. The research reached a set of conclusions, including the lack of compatibility between the spatial distribution of specialized health centers in the city and the population densities in the governorate, as these centers provide their services to all residents of the Qadisiyah Governorate, which is reflected in the quantitative and qualitative aspects of these services. The study showed that qualitative and quantitative efficiency was not achieved in the preparation of specialized health centers and the number of medical and health personnel in the city compared to the population

The research aims to shed light on the geographical distribution of population fertility in the Middle Euphrates governorates to clarify the spatial and temporal variation, which represents one of the most important elements of population growth. It is also an indicator for measuring the economic, social and even political reality of any country. It can also be an indicator of the nature of population policies followed in any region. Therefore, it represents a major pillar of population growth. The increase in population fertility rates demonstrates the extent of progress in the health reality and the improvement of the standard of living of the population, meaning development in the social and economic reality. The results showed the variation in the birth rate spatially and temporally. During 1997, the birth rate reached (28.3) per thousand, recording a decrease compared to 2017, when the crude birth rate reached (33.2) per thousand. This is attributed to the war conditions that the country was going through during 1997. There is also a variation in the general fertility rates in the study area spatially and temporally, as the 1997 census recorded a decrease in the general fertility rate, which reached (96.5) per thousand, while it increased During 2017, it reached (138.2) per thousand as a result of the improvement in economic and health conditions, and it returned to decline again during 2023, as the rate reached (113.4) per thousand. The research showed that there is a variation in the total fertility rates in the study area in terms of time and place, as the 1997 census recorded an increase in the number of births amounting to (5.2) births, and it rose to (4.2) births during 2017, while 2023 recorded the highest total fertility rate, as it reached (4) births. The rates of the ratio of children to women of childbearing age recorded a variation in time and place, as the 1997 population census recorded the highest rate of (684.7) per thousand, while it decreased to (114.7) per thousand in 2017, and returned to rise again during 2023 (139.5) per thousand.

The study aims to predict changes in land use patterns during the period (1987–2032). The study relied on aerial photographs of the city during the years (1987, 2007, and 2022) to derive land use layers, detect temporal and spatial changes, and draw change maps using spatial analyst tools in a GIS environment. Land cover change was also predicted using Markov chain (CA-Markov) and kappa coefficient to measure the accuracy of predictions. For the expected years.
The study concluded that the area of residential use increased from 2,195.61 hectares in 2022 to 72,928 hectares in 2032, an increase of 70,732.39 hectares. Despite the significant increase in the area of this use, its percentage decreased to 20.29% compared to other land uses, particularly military use and open lands, which occupied 48.83% and 14.47%, respectively. This indicates that the growth of areas allocated for residential use was not as rapid as the expansion of other land uses. The study also revealed positive future trends in population growth and the expansion of urban uses, based on the results of modeling using Markov chains. This calls for the development of sustainable urban plans to keep pace with this expansion.

The research aims to study the dependency ratio of the population of Babylon Governorate for the period 1997-2020 and to know the trends of change in it, especially the total dependency ratio and the dependency of children and adults, as the highest dependency ratio was recorded in Babylon Governorate in 1997 compared to 2020, which was characterized by a decrease. The dependency ratios also outperformed the urban areas of the governorate for both years compared to its countryside, which was characterized by a decrease in the dependency ratio. The dependency ratios of children varied in the governorate for both years, as the highest ratio was recorded in 1997 in Al-Mahawil District (105.4%), while in 2020, the highest ratio was in Al-Hillah District and reached (170.8%). As for the dependency of adults, it tends to decrease during the study period, due to the change in the increase in the percentage of the middle-aged group.