Journal of Education and Scientific Studies

The research involved the synthesis of several Schiff bases derived from 2-aminoterephthalic acid, as well as the preparation of some Oxazepine compounds
through the reaction of the previously synthesized Schiff bases with certain anhydrides using ethanol as a solvent. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the reducing power method, where they
demonstrated high activity compared to the standard antioxidant used (Gallic
acid). The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using
spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, GC-MS), and the results confirmed the
successful synthesis of the target compounds.

The level of metal contamination in the collected dust from three sites in Baghdad city in
central Iraq was assessed, where the concentration of heavy metals including cadmium, cobalt,
chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, vanadium, iron and zinc was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the ascending level of heavy metals.
Different contamination indices were used, the geochemical accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and risk index (RI). According
to the Igeo index, the dust in the study area was free from arsenic, cobalt, copper, lead, vanadium
and zinc contamination, and uncontaminated to moderately contaminate with cadmium, nickel,
chromium and manganese. The CF results indicated that contamination levels were low for lead,
moderate for arsenic, zinc, cobalt, vanadium, copper and manganese, large for chromium and
cadmium and very large for nickel. Given the results of the (EF) calculation, there is only known
enrichment for nickel and the rest of the unit is in the minimum enrichment category. Based on
the Potential Environmental Hazard values (Er) and Risk Index (RI), there is a decrease in all elements, while the results of the (PLI) index show that contamination is present for all elements.

Hydrogels as polymer gel networks are considered a promising and attractive option
due to their excellent properties such as high extensibility, high oxygen permeability,
good biocompatibility, ease of loading, and drug release. Hydrogels have been widely
used for various purposes in the biomedical field, utilizing multifunctional polymers of
both synthetic and natural origins. Ciprofloxacin was loaded into poly(HMA-co-AA) with
different ratios of monomers (10%, 30%, 50%, 60%, 80% AA) in the presence of the crosslinker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA). The resulting polymers were characterized
by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Swelling was determined, where the
polymer volume fraction (φ2) and weight loss during swelling were assessed. The ability
of the hydrogels to control the release of drugs such as ciprofloxacin was also studied.
It was found that increasing the ratio of HMA increases the drug release rate, and the
results revealed that during the first ten hours, most of the drug load is released.

To prepare an amlodopine derivative and react it with aspirinyl chloride, and to study its effect on
the activity of creatine kinase, partially purified from the serum of patients with myocardial infarction. To perform
molecular docking of the compound and determine its degree of compatibility with creatine kinase, purified from
patients with myocardial infarction
Abstract: Aspirin was prepared by reacting aspirin with thionyl chloride and then reacting aspirinyl chloride with
amlodipine to produce the amide product, the amlodipine derivative. The resulting compound was identified in vitro
by infrared spectroscopy and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (IR-HNMR). Molecular docking of
the amlodopine derivative was performed, and the prepared compound was tested on creatine kinase, purified from
the serum of patients with myocardial infarction. Creatine kinase was partially purified from serum of myocardial
infarction patients using ion exchange, dialysis, and gel filtration using 100-Sephadex G. A single peak was obtained in
the purification fraction using the gel filtration technique. The purification degree of the purified enzyme was 25.71,
with an enzyme yield of 100.00% and a specific activity of 0.225000 U/mg. The optimal substrate concentration was
1M. Kinetic studies of the partially purified enzyme were performed, with the Michaelis-Menten constant (mmol/L)
being 66.61 km/mL and the maximum velocity (Vmax) being 6.89 IU/L. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity
was 37°C, while the optimum pH was 7.5. Conclusion: Creatine kinase was activated by amlodopine derivative with
aspirin chloride, prepared from aspirin chloride. Its effect on the activity of creatine kinase purified from serum of
heart patients was investigated, which may lead to changes in the energy metabolism of the heart. Amlodipine derivative may affect the stability of the enzyme, which may lead to changes in its stability and activity. It may also affect
the chemical structure of the enzyme, which may lead to changes in the structure and function of the enzyme. The
purification degree of creatine kinase partially purified by gel filtration chromatography (100-Sephadex G) was 25.71
times, with an enzyme yield of 100.00% and a specific activity of 0.225000 U/mg. The purification of partially purified
creatine kinase by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Cellulose resin was 26.67 times, with an enzyme yield of
87.50 and a specific activity of 0.233333 U/mg

The study examined the physical and thermodynamic changes in combination with a
mixture of surfactants that create filamentous micelles to determine the efficacy of levofloxacin and nano-titanium oxide.The investigation comprised combining two potent surfactants,
CTAB and SDBS, in varying ratios and assessing the mixture’s viscosity at different temperatures. The development of worm-like micelles was indicated by the measurement of the
greatest viscosity value at a ratio of 7:3 between (CTAB) and (SDBS), respectively. Then,
this ratio was combined with 200 ppm of nano-titanium oxide and 200 ppm of levofloxacin.
The viscosity of the combination was assessed, and its thermodynamic functions were computed. Exothermic behavior, reduced unpredictability, and spontaneous nature were discovered in this process. The mix’s impact on Salmonella bacteria was also investigated in this
study

There is a scarcity of studies on the role of afamin and sperm antibodies in male
infertility, as infertility is an escalating health and social issue with multiple causes. Objectives:
To evaluate infertility by measuring testosterone levels, follicle-stimulating hormone, afamin, and
sperm antibodies in participants from Hawija city. Methods: The study included 90 participants,
comprising 30 healthy males as a control group and 60 males suffering from infertility. Levels
of hormones and biochemical variables were measured, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH), prolactin, afamin, and sperm antibodies. Infertility was categorized into primary
and secondary types, and body mass index (BMI) was assessed across normal weight, overweight,
and obese groups. Results: The results showed significant differences in hormone levels and biochemical variables (testosterone: 3.32 g/ml, FSH: 7.75 mIU/ml, prolactin: 13.98 ng/ml, afamin:
4.50 pg/ml, sperm antibodies: 37.56 pg/ml at P≤0.05. Additionally, afamin levels showed significant
differences between primary infertility 40.04 pg/ml and secondary infertility 31.02 pg/ml at P≤0.05.
Conclusion: The study found a clear correlation between reproductive hormones, sperm antibodies,
and afamin with reduced fertility, indicating the role of these variables in evaluating infertility.

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by a hypermetabolic state and elevated concentrations of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to multisystemic symptoms. Identifying
novel biomarkers may enhance diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Objective: To investigate alterations in serum Progranulin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
(ACE), and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) levels in hyperthyroidism patients and assess correlations with thyroid function parameters.
Methods: A case-control study included 90 blood samples divided equally between hyperthyroid patients and healthy controls. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) were measured using a onestep sandwich enzyme immunoassay (VIDAS system), and Progranulin, ACE, and DPP-4 levels
were quantified via ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25, with significance
set at P≤0.05.
Results: Hyperthyroid patients exhibited significantly elevated T3 and T4 (P≤0.01) and decreased TSH levels (P≤0.01) compared to controls. Serum Progranulin, ACE, and DPP-4 activities were significantly higher in patients (P≤0.001 for all markers). No significant differences
were observed in relation to age and sex (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: Increased serum Progranulin, ACE, and DPP-4 levels in hyperthyroidism patients suggest their potential as auxiliary biomarkers for disease evaluation and monitoring.

"This study investigated the relationship between methylglyoxal (MGO), omentin-1, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The research included 60 diabetic patients and
30 matched healthy controls. Key findings showed:
- Serum MGO levels were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls (204.48±40.4 ng/mL vs.
85.5±24.67 ng/mL, p<0.001).
- Omentin-1 levels were markedly reduced, indicating diminished anti-inflammatory capacity.
- FABP levels varied significantly, potentially reflecting different disease progression stages.
The study revealed important interrelationships between these biomarkers: elevated MGO demonstrated
a significant negative correlation with omentin-1 levels, suggesting MGO’s potential role in suppressing this
protective adipokine. Conversely, MGO showed a positive correlation with FABP, indicating a possible synergistic effect in promoting inflammatory processes and metabolic dysfunction. The omentin-1/FABP ratio
emerged as a particularly valuable indicator of diabetic complications, with lower ratios associated with poorer
outcomes.
These biomarkers demonstrated superior predictive value for diabetic complications compared to conventional indicators. The study highlighted the need for standardized measurement protocols and further investigation of their therapeutic potential in diabetes management.”

In this study, an iron(II) complex was successfully synthesized utilizing recycled,
expired metformin hydrochloride as a ligand source. The synthesized complex was thoroughly characterized using a range of analytical techniques, including proton nuclear
magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and molar conductivity measurements. Spectral data and conductivity results indicate that the complex adopts a square
planar geometry, with metformin functioning as an anionic bidentate ligand. The biological activity of the complex was evaluated against two bacterial strains: Staphylococcus
aureus and Escherichia coli. Its antimicrobial efficacy was quantitatively assessed and
compared to that of metformin at varying concentrations.

The current study was aimed to isolation and identification of two active compounds in Gotu kola extract and
estimation of its effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria. The methods used in the current study included the following main axes: extraction of active compounds from medicinal plants using a series of solvents, purification of
active compounds in medicinal plants using chromatography methods, identification of purified compounds using
analytical methods (IR, NMR, C13NMR, GC-Mass), and measurement of the effectiveness of compounds against
cancer cells outside the cells. The plant extract was then used to study its effect on bacteria growth. When analyzing
the plant extract GK-1 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was found that the compound is: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate found in the table with a probability of 90% where a band appeared within the range (1672-1731)
cm-1) that is attributed to the carbonyl group in the two ester groups, as well as the appearance of the band at the
range (1557-1623) attributed to the C=C bonds in the aromatic ring,When analyzing the plant extract GK-2 by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was found that the compound is: N-Benzyl-N-ethyl-p-isopropylbenzamide
Where showed absorption at the peak of 1630 cm1- which indicates the amide carbonyl group C=O that appears in
the range between 1630-1690. The compound also shows absorption at 1500-1600 cm1- indicating the distinctive
aromatic C=C bond that usually appears in this range. The compound also shows vibrations at 2900 representing
the aliphatic alkyl groups.The ethanolic extract Gotu Kola showed a higher inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus
aureus, especially at a volume of 100 microliters (20.48±2.71) compared to the same volume of the extract against
Escherichia coli (17.4±2.85). the ethyl acetate extract of the Gotu Kola showed a higher inhibitory effect against
Staphylococcus aureus, especially at a volume of 100 microliters (19.17±3.31) compared to the same volume of
the extract against Escherichia coli (16.6±1.42). Based on the results of the current study, Gotu kola extracts have
antibacterial properties, especially against Gram-positive bacteria

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrine disorder affecting 8–13% of women of reproductive age. Objectives: This study aimed to assess hormone levels and oxidative stress enzymes in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: The study included
90 women (30 healthy controls and 60 PCOS patients aged 18–48 years on metformin).
Blood samples (5–8 ml) were collected, and serum was analyzed for hormonal levels, oxidative stress enzyme activity, and random blood sugar (RBS).Results: Compared to controls,
PCOS patients showed a non-significant decrease in testosterone (0.46±0.22 vs. 0.36±0.2,
p = 0.0505), and a significant decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.31±0.82
vs. 1.63±0.87, p < 0.0001). Glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly reduced
(57.59±36.72 vs. 28.24±22.49, p < 0.0001), while decreases in glutathione S-transferase and
catalase were non-significant. RBS showed a slight, non-significant increase (106.1±0.22 vs.
102.68±29.79, p = 0.0284). ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.751 for glutathione peroxidase and 0.74 for TSH, suggesting both markers have a strong association with PCOS.

The study aims to compare theoretically calculated pka values with practically
calculated values and find the difference between the two values for some Schiff bases. Explanation of the impact of substitutions in the compounds studied on calculated values. The study was conducted in quantitative mechanics using the AM1 and
HF/B3LYP/6-31G methods. Theoretical calculations have succeeded in finding very
close to practical values and a simple error averaging 0.033 error margin, enhancing
the strength and effectiveness of theoretical studies to calculate many of the chemical
compounds’ physical and chemical variables in less time and cost than practical calculations

Breast cancer, a form of cancer originating in the cells of ducts or lobules in the breast,
is detected by the cancer antigen CA15-3. This study indicated the effect of Breast cancer
on antioxidants (SOD, GPX, TAC and thiol group) compared with healthy control group,
were collected 90 specimens’ (60 serum samples from Breast cancer patients and 30 serum
samples from the control group), collected from Baghdad Teaching hospital during a period between to January to March 2024, with an age range between 30-55 year. The results
indicate to high significant increase in mean level of Cancer antigen (CA15-3) and thiol
group in serum of Breast cancer patients as compared with the control (p ≤ 0.05), while the
mean level of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was showed a high significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in serum of Breast
cancer patients as compared with the control. This study aimed to the effect of Breast cancer on antioxidants during the chemotherapy phase and relationship with Cancer antigen
(CA15-3).

Thyroid hormones are essential for normal growth and regulation of metabolic processes in adults. Thyroid disorders are ranked as the second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes. Although there were previous observational
studies that dealt with the relationship between vitamin B12 and thyroid disease, their results were mixed, and the causal
relationship between them was not clearly established. Vitamin B12, zinc, and magnesium significantly contribute to the
support of thyroid functions and the regulation of its vital pathways. This study aims to evaluate the levels of these elements
in blood serum in individuals with thyroid disorders, with the aim of exploring their potential role in the development of
the disease or its response to treatment. Material and Methods: The study included 90 women between the ages of 18
and 60, and they were divided into three groups: the control group, all of whom were in good health, a group with hyperthyroidism, and a group with hypothyroidism. Samples were collected from government and private laboratories in Anbar
Governorate. Levels of B12, zinc and magnesium were measured for all groups. The data were analyzed using appropriate
statistical methods to evaluate differences between groups. Results: The results showed that the average vitamin B12 level
was highest in the hyperthyroid group, while it was lowest in the hypothyroid group. Although B12 levels were higher in the
hyperthyroidism group compared to the hypothyroidism group and the control group, this difference did not reach the level
of statistical significance (P=0.072). A negative non-statistically significant relationship was also found between the level of
B12 and TSH, and a positive non-statistically significant relationship between B12 and both T3 and T4. It was also found
that the magnesium level was significantly higher in the hyperthyroidism group compared to the other two groups, and the
difference was statistically significant (P ˂ 0.05). Zinc levels were also higher in the hyperthyroidism group compared to
the hypothyroidism group and the control group, but without any statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The study
showed a significant increase in magnesium levels in women with hyperthyroidism compared to the hypothyroidism group
and the control group. Higher levels of vitamin B12 were also observed, higher in the hyperthyroidism group and lower in
the hypothyroidism group compared to the control group. However, these differences were not statistically significant

The research includes the preparation of a new Schiff base ligand condensation of
(1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde). And the reaction of
the product with some binary metal salts (Pd, Cu, Ni, Co) The Schiff base ligand and the
prepared complexes were identified using spectroscopic and analytical methods, including FT-IR, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis),
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry (GC-Mass), as well as elemental
decomposition (CHNS), measuring chlorine content, and atomic absorption of metallic elements. Molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility Which showed the general formula
of the complexes [M(L)2(H2O)2] while the general formula of the palladium complex is
[M(L)2] and indicated the geometric shapes of a distorted octahedron, while the shape of a
planar square was suggested for the palladium complex. A study was conducted on the total
antioxidant content of the ligand and the prepared complexes as free radical inhibitors or
radical scavengers and showed activity as antioxidants compared to tannic acid and gallic
acid

Aims: To synthesize isoniazid-derived imines by condensing isoniazid (INH) with substituted benzaldehydes and pyridine carboxaldehydes, and to determine their structures using spectroscopic methods.
Methodology: Isoniazid was mixed with equimolar amounts of substituted benzaldehydes and pyridine carboxaldehydes, and the mixture was refluxed for 4-7 hours.
Results: Elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis and characterization of ten Schiff bases.
Conclusion: The analysis of the energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital
(HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) suggests that compounds M1-
M10 are stable. Hardness data indicate that molecule M8 exhibits a higher aromatic character than the other compounds.

This research aims to develop selective electrodes based on green chemistry techniques to analyze of cyproheptadine hydrochloride. (CPH) In its pure form, it is used in pharmaceutical preparations. Nanoparticles
of calcium and zinc oxides were prepared using plant extracts (lavender and chia seeds) as an environmentally
friendly reducing agent. The nanomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), which confirmed the successful preparation
and the presence of a nanocrystalline structure with a particle size in the 20-30 nm range. Graphite electrodes
coated with nano-layers were fabricated from CaONPs and ZnONPs prepared by using a green method, they
were used as electrochemical sensors for drug quantification. These electrodes demonstrated a sensitive and
rapid electrochemical response over a wide concentration range (10⁻² - 10⁻⁸ M), with a response time ranging
from 2–38 seconds depending on the concentration. The performance of the fabricated electrodes was evaluated in terms of compatibility, accuracy, and quantitative limit. (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), and temporal
stability The results showed that these sensors have high selectivity towards CPH with minimal interference
from interfering ions. The electrodes have also been shown to maintain their excellent performance for up to
38-32 one day, almost before anynoticeable deterioration in their response occurs. Practical applications for analyzing various pharmaceutical samples demonstrated high agreement between the results obtained using these
electrodes and reference methods, enhancing their reliability as environmentally friendly analytical tools. This
research represents an important step toward developing sustainable electrochemical sensors with high efficiency in pharmaceutical analysis, paving the way for the widespread use of this technology in environmental and
medical applications

Thalassemia is a common genetic disease that is transmitted from parents to children. Many people still
do not follow the recommended health instructions, especially before marriage, as early examination is an
important procedure to raise people’s knowledge level for early detection of the disease. The current study
aimed to conduct a biochemical study and measure iron status among thalassemia patients in Anbar Governorate who were diagnosed as thalassemia patients by doctors and study its effectiveness with the prolidase
enzyme. The study was divided into two groups according to gender, males and females, aged between (5-20)
years, with thalassemia, where each group included (30) samples A total of (60) samples from patients with
thalassemia. The study included healthy individuals, numbering (30) people (males and females) aged (5-20)
years, who were used as a control group. We discussed the impact of iron on the prolidase enzyme, which
was shown to be highly effective when exposed to this disease (thalassemia). Therefore, we can rely on the
estimation of the high effectiveness of this enzyme as a biomarker of the beginning of the deterioration of the
health status of people with thalassemia, thus avoiding reaching an advanced stage of thalassemia. The levels
of iron, ferritin, and transferrin were measured. The study showed a significant increase in the levels of iron
and ferritin at the probability level (P ≤ 0.01) in patients compared to the control group. While the transferrin
level showed a significant decrease at the probability level (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the control group. Statistical corelation relationships were studied using the PERSON equation between the prolidase enzyme and the
variables, where the relationship was positive (direct) between the prolidase enzyme and (iron and ferritin).
While the relationship was negative (inverse) between the prolidase enzyme and (transferrin).

To remove Brown HT dye from water, an activated carbon model was prepared from a plant source resulting
from the waste of Al-Rashi factories Mosul, which was represented by Iraqi sesame husks that are produced in large
quantities from these factories. It was found that one ton produces a percentage of (200-250 kg) and is not utilized
due to the primitive method in the process of separating the husks.
The peels were burned after washing to the point of charring and treated with potassium hydroxide in a ratio
of (1:1) at a temperature of 600 ± 50 °c for three hours. Then the resulting carbon material was taken and purified
from the base by several processes, and also sublimation with 0.05 hydrochloric acid for two hours, then the medium
was neutralized, and the carbon was dried and crushed. Its effectiveness was determined by measuring its ability to
adsorb iodine from its aqueous solution, which is known as the iodine number, which is a rapid measure of the internal surface area. In addition, the thermodynamic functions’ values for Brown HT dye adsorption were calculated.
This research included determining the optimum conditions for the adsorption process, by studying the factors
affecting the adsorption efficiency, which showed that the ideal weight of the prepared activated carbon is (0.25 g)
at a concentration of (7×10-5 M) and that the reaction equilibrium time is (50 minutes).
The experimental data were applied to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models at different temperatures
to use them in calculating the thermodynamic functions. The results of the study (through the values of ∆H, ∆S ͦ,
∆G ͦ) showed that the adsorption system is of the physical endothermic type, that the adsorption process occurs
spontaneously, and that the adsorption system became more random due to the ionization of the dye, which is a salt
of sodium ions.

A modified carbon electrode with silver nanoparticles was manufactured to detect and
estimate silver ions in X-ray film residues, industrial water and well water using green
chemistry in a new and straightforward way. The work involved the preparation of silver
nanoparticles from arugula (Eruca sativa) leaf extract as a primary material. The average
size of the crystal measured by XRD was 15.2733 nm, and particles were identified using
the SEM scanner electron microscope as semi-spherical. In UV-VIS spectrometry, the
peak was at the wavelength 433 nm; the result proves that nanoparticles were manufactured from silver, and the functional clusters were identified using FTIR spectrometry.
This Electrode showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity with a linear response from
10-1 – 10-6 molar. Correlation coefficient 0.9701, with a lifespan of 90 days. Optimal
temperatures are 15-30 °C, ideal pH range 5-7, with a slope at 25 °C 58.3 mV/decade,
detection limit 10-6, and recovery percentage 100.21 %. This method has been applied
to estimate silver ions in X-ray film residues, industrial water, and well water, and it has
proved significantly effective.

Nanomaterials have found widespread applications in various scientific fields, including engineering, medicine, energy, and environmental science. Conventional methods of nanoparticle synthesis -such as chemical and physical techniques- are often costly,
energy-intensive, and pose environmental and health hazards. In contrast, green synthesis
provides an eco-friendly alternative, utilizing natural sources such as plants, bacteria,
fungi, and agricultural waste to produce nanoparticles. These approaches significantly
reduce the carbon footprint and environmental risks associated with traditional processes.
Green-synthesized nanoparticles exhibit enhanced properties such as high catalytic activity, thermal and electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, making them attractive for
use in energy storage, optics, biomedical applications, cancer therapy, and catalysis. This
review indicate to green synthesis of various types of nanomaterials - metal oxide-based,
inert metal-based, carbon-based, and composites. Additionally, it discusses their potential industrial applications and the key factors influencing environmentally friendly
nanoparticle production

Background: The prolidase enzyme plays a vital role in collagen metabolism, a process that is disrupted
in various pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is a widespread metabolic disorder, particularly after the age of 35, caused either by impaired insulin secretion from pancreatic beta
cells or by insulin resistance.
Objective: Evaluates the activity of the prolidase enzyme in type 2 diabetes, which plays a role in collagen formation, and variables associated with its levels in T2D.
Method/Analysis This study included 90 individuals, comprising 60 individuals with type 2 diabetes and
30 healthy people, with a mean age range from 30 to 70 years for both patients and healthy controls. After
collecting the data, prolidase activity was assessed, along with biochemical parameters of the type 2 diabetes
patients.
Results: Activity of prolidase among type 2 diabetes subjects was measured. It was revealed that prolidase
activity was decreased in type 2 diabetes patients compared to healthy individuals (P = <0.001). Increased
inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were observed (P = <0.0001). Increase in glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels (P=<0.0001), with a mild decrease
in electrolytes (Mg+2, Ca+2) (P=<0.0001), kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, uric acid) (P=<0.0001),
with an increase in lipid profile (cholesterol, 2TRI, LDL, VLDL) (P=<0.0001) except for a decrease in HDL
(P=<0.0001), and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.0006). This suggests that both prolidase and inflammatory
markers are linked to type 2 diabetes.

Hyperthyroidism is marked by low thyrotropin and elevated triiodothyronine and/or free thyroxine levels. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure
by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin Objective: This study aimed to partially purify and study
the kinetics of ACE from hyperthyroid patients, as well as quantify ACE levels in these individuals.
Materials and Methods: Crude ACE was precipitated using ammonium sulfate saturation, followed
by dialysis. Purification involved ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. ACE levels were
quantified using an ELISA kit. Results: HPLC analysis revealed ACE purity and a molecular weight
of ~135.66 kDa. The purified enzyme showed an ideal pH of 7.0 and temperature of 35°C. Lineweaver-Burk plots were used to determine kinetic parameters, yielding Vmax = 2.144 µmol/min·mL
and Km = 0.554 mM. ACE was purified 20-fold with a specific activity of 4.066 EU/mg. Compared
to controls, ACE levels in hyperthyroid patients were significantly elevated (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion:
The study successfully purified ACE from hyperthyroid patients and identified its optimal conditions
and kinetic parameters, with significantly higher ACE levels observed in these individuals. The
study also includes the receiver operating characteristics analysis of the discriminating capabilities
for ACE biochemical parameters as diagnostic markers for hyperthyroid

In this research, a new series of transition metal complexes 0f cobalt, copper, zinc,
cadmium and mercury in their divalent states were prepared using Schiff bases. The new
Ligand Schiff base named [ (Z)-4-((3-chloro-benzylidene) amino)-1,5-di-methyl-2phenyl-1,2dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3one] Aseries of new metal complexes of common molecular
formula [M(L)2H2OCl].H2OCl and [M(L)2Cl2]H2O had been synthesized and identified
by the infra-red, UV-Visible spectra, elemental analyses, atomic absorption, chloride content, mass spectra, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements in addition
to the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, DSC). In consistence with magnetic spectral
researches’ results, the proposed geometrical structures for all produced complexes were
octa-hedral formulas.

The highest concentration of the glycoside Coumarin was found in the species Rhamphospermum arvense, reaching (114.47) micrograms/ml, while the lowest concentration of
the glycoside Isorhamnetin was found in the species Rapistrum rugosum L, reaching (49.03)
micrograms/ml. The highest percentage of the glycoside Coumarin was found in the species
Rhamphospermum arvense L, reaching (21.69%), while the lowest percentage of the glycoside
Glucotropaeolin was found in the species Erysimum repandum L, reaching (8.87%). It was
found that the similarity percentage ranged between (0.25819 - 0.91287), and the shortest distance between the two species Erysimum repandum L. and Rhamphospermum arvense L. was
(0.25819), while the farthest distance was recorded between the two species Isatis tinctoria L.
And Sisymbrium orientale L., which reached (0.91287), the most closely related species were
Isatis tinctoria L. and Sisymbrium orientale L., which reached 0.26, while the most divergent
species were Hirschfeldia incana L. and Rhamphospermum arvense L., which reached 0.68.
This chemical study of the glycosidic compounds, their ratios and concentrations, revealed the
similarity between plant species of the mustard family

Repeat induced abortion is a serious public health issue that has been linked to adverse maternal health outcomes. However, knowledge about repeat induced abortion and its associated
factors among reproductive age women. The present study evaluated level of Prolidase, Prolactin,
Insulin, HOMA-IR, Vit E, Calcium, and IL6 in aborted women then purification of Prolidase in
aborted women. The current study included collecting 90 blood samples divided into 60 samples
from female patients with Aborted women of reproductive age aged ( 18 to 40 years ) and thirty
samples from healthy women collected from private clinics in Anbar Governorate for a period
from January 2023 to October 2023. The results of the study indicate that prolidase, prolactin,
Insulin, HOMA-IR, IL6 levels are increased in abortion women as compared to healthy women
at p-value<0.05. While vitamin E and Calcium levels were significantly lower as compared to
the healthy women at p-value<0.05. The present study concluded increase Prolidase, Prolactin,
Insulin, HOMA-IR, Vit E, Calcium, and IL6 level in aborted women. By purifying the prolinase
enzyme from abortifaceint women’s serum, it was found that there was only one enzyme isoform
after purification

The present study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of silver-cysteine (Cys-AgNPs)
nanoparticles, utilizing natural reductants from the aqueous extract of Sargassum boveanum, with
particle sizes under 100 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the
Cys-AgNPs were spherical in shape, with an average particle size of 60 nm.
These Cys-AgNPs were then employed to detect mercury ions (Hg²⁺) in environmental samples using the digital image technique as an alternative analytical tool. The combination of digital
imaging and silver nanoparticles proved effective for the colorimetric analysis of mercury ions,
yielding highly accurate results. In the absence of NaCl, Cys-AgNPs demonstrated a detection
limit (LoD) of 5.79 ppb for Hg(II) ion analysis using the digital image method. When 0.5 M and 1
M NaCl were added, the LoD values improved to 2.46 ppb and 3.02 ppb, respectively.
The accuracy of the digital image method was found to be over 99% when compared to UV-Vis
spectrophotometry, highlighting that the digital image method provides superior accuracy in the
quantitative analysis of heavy metals such as Hg(II) using AgNPs, when compared to conventional
UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques.