Journal of Medical and Industrial Plant Sciences

During the summer season of 2022, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different cultivars, Arib, Black Heat, Red Heat, and Sudan 3, and spraying arginine tryptophan concentrations ,control, arginine 50 mg L-1, Tryptophan 50 mg L-1, and arginine 50 mg L-1 + tryptophan 50 mg L-1, in growth and yield of some genotypes of Roselle Jamaica. The statistical analysis of the data revealed notable distinctions across all examined traits. During the analysis, the genotype demonstrated superiority over Black Heat in the majority of studied traits, encompassing various growth characteristics. The evaluated yield and its components encompassed plant height, branches no., leaf area, chlorophyll a&b, nuts no. per plant, seeds no. per nut, 1000 seeds weight, yield, and yield of dry sepals. The combination of arginine 50 mg L-1 + tryptophan 50 mg L-1 was significantly superior in each plant height to reach 142.23 cm plant-1, branches no. per plant (29.10 branches plant-1), leaf area (58.21 cm2), chlorophyll a&b (32.93 mg gm -1), nuts no. per plant (150.20 nuts -1), walnut seeds no. (25.00 nut-1), 1000 seeds weight (54.84 g), yield (963.91 tons H-1), and the yield of dry sepal leaves (839.42 tons H-1). Also, the intersections of Heet resulted in the highest values for all examined traits, including vegetative growth, chlorophyll, and yield characteristics, when combined the arginine (50 mg L-1) & tryptophan (50 mg L-1). However, there were no notable differences in the weight of one thousand grains among cultivars when treated with the combination of arginine (50 mg L-1) & tryptophan (50 mg L-1).

The experiment was carried out during the season 2022-2023 in the field of Agricultural Research Station (2) affiliated to the College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University (located in Samawah city, southern Iraq) , to study the response of the black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) for three different levels of nitrogen it is 0, 60 , 120 kg N/ ha and spraying boron in 0, 2 , 4 mg B / L, and its reflection on its growth and seed yield. The results of the study showed that fertilization levels significantly affected the studied traits, the level of nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg N/ ha was unique and gave highest values for plant height, fruiting branches number, siliquaes number, seed number in siliquae, 1000 seed weight and total seed yield (124.17 cm, 23.88 branch plant-1, 184.1 siliquae plant-1, 14.88 seed plant-1, 4.43 g and 3691 kg/ ha) respectively. The results also showed a significant effect of boron on all traits, as the plants that were sprayed with a concentration (4 mg B/ L) gave the highest values in plant height (112.26 cm) , number of fruiting branches (22.21 number of fruiting branches) , siliquaes number (172.5 siliquae/ plant), seeds number in siliquae (14.69 seed/ plant) , 1000 seed weight (4.16 g) and total seed yield (3376 kg/ ha) .Also, the overlap between the two experimental factors had a significant superiority in all the traits studied except for the one 1000 seed weight.

A field experiment was conducted on cress plants grown in plots with 1*2 m dimensions, during the year2021. It was factorial experiment with two factors. The first was with and without spraying humic acid (H1 spraying 4 ml L¯¹, H0 without spraying). The second factor was spraying sea Algae extract (E1 spraying with 2 ml .L¯¹ of Kelpak, E2 spraying with 2 ml .L¯¹ of UltraKelp40 , E3 spraying with a mixture of 2+2 ml .L¯¹ of Kelpak and ultraKelp40) as well as without spraying the extract. The experiment was designed with RCBD. The treatments were replicated 4 times and Duncun’s multiple range test at p=5% was used. Humic acid, sea algae extracts and their interactions causes significant effects on the plants. These treatments increased all vegetative growth characteristics compared to control treatment. The spraying also caused significant increases in macro nutrient (N, P, K) and micro nutrient concentrations (Fe, Cu, Zn). The treatmen .L-¹ humic acid and mixture of 2+2 ml .L¯¹ of Kelpak and ultrakelp40 extracts (H1E3) gave highest concentration of N (2.25%) phosphorus (0.375%) potassium (2.95%) Fe (109.8 mg. kg¯¹) Cu (18.60 mg. kg¯¹) and Zn (18.80 mg. kg¯¹). The lowest of these parameters were 1.75%, 0.290%, 1.85%,
, 75.10 mg. kg¯¹, 12.60 mg. kg¯¹, 13.50 mg. kg¯¹) in the treatment of control ( not sprayed plants). Spraying humic acid, sea algae extracts and their interactions also caused significant increases in all physiological characteristics. Volatile oil was increased in sprayed plants specially H1E3 compared to plants in control treatments.) This treatment recorded the highest values of specific gravity of volatile oil (0.856 mg. 100 g¯¹ fresh matter). Highest refractive Index of volatile oil (1.516), highest oil quantity (0.199 mg. g¯¹) were also increased. The lowest of these parameters were in control treatment.

This study was conducted in one of the greenhouses belonging to the research station of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping - College of Agriculture , Tikrit University in the period extending from (15/10/2022) until (30/5/2023) , to find out the effect of adding several combinations of organic fertilizers 0 comparison treatment, 42 cm3 of tea residue + 42 cm3 of poultry manure + 42 cm3 of sheep manure, 63 cm3 of poultry manure + 63 cm3 of tea residue, 63 cm3 of sheep manure + 63 cm3 of tea residue and spraying with seaweed extract in three concentrations 0 Comparison treatment, 0.5 g L-1, 1 g L-1 ) and the interaction between them in the growth and active component of ornamental pepper plant, the results showed that the treatment (42 cm3 of tea residue + 42 cm3 of poultry manure + 42 cm3 of sheep manure) excelled in most vegetative growth traits of ornamental pepper plants (plant length, number of branches, and fruit content of gallic acid, caffeic acid, and the alkaloid capsaicin) compared with the comparison treatment, and the treatment (63 cm3 poultry manure + 63 cm3 tea residue) was significantly superior in leaf area characteristic, while the treatment of spraying Seaweed extract did not record a significant superiority in the vegetative growth traits, and the concentration 1 g L-1 of the Seaweed extract was significantly superior by giving the highest values for the fruits’ content of gallic acid, caffeic acid, and the alkaloid compound capsaicin. The interaction treatment between the combination of organic fertilizers (63 cm3 of tea residue + 63 cm3 of poultry manure) in addition to spraying with extract of seaweed at a concentration of 1 g L-1, it excelled in the characteristics of vegetative growth of the plant ( number of branches, plant length).

Iraq\'s low maize productivity is primarily due to the use of inferior seeds, weak management, high input rates, infestations of shoot flies and maize borer, extremely high temperatures, and stalk rot. Due to the lack of locally developed single-cross hybrid varieties, maize growers purchase imported seeds at a high price, resulting in a high production cost. For that reason, genetic parameters and genetic differences are essential for the emergence or evolution of a new variety adaptability, and survival. The present study indicated that HEY, DEY, HED, and DED showed high h2B and high GA, which are important characteristics to consider for selecting maize single-cross hybrids. This indicated that these characteristics are controlled by additive genes. The PCV was higher than the GCV for all characters studied. This indicates the effect of the environment on the hybrids studied. The current investigation has also revealed a high level of genetic diversity, which has implications for maize germplasm characterization, conservation initiatives, and breeding programs aimed at categorizing maize single cross hybrids. The hybrids under study were split into four different groups according to the performance of agro-morphological traits suggesting that the hybrids have a varied genetic background. It can be concluded that the single-cross hybrids examined were influenced by environmental factors as revealed by genetic parameters and there was a large degree of genetic variability among them based on agro-morphological features as revealed by CA and PCA. Therefore, selecting hybrids with the highest h2B and high GA and their position in different clusters is important to generate profitable varieties.

In the fall of 2022, a factorial experiment was carried out in the Bani Magan area, which is connected to the General Directorate of Agriculture of Sulaymaniyah and part of the Directorate of Agriculture of Chamchamal. The purpose of the experiment was to determine how different concentrations of nano-NPK (0, 2, and 4) g.L-1 affected the responses of seven genotypes of maize crop to different growth traits and overall yield. The experiment\'s results were as follows: Plant height, total grain yield, and the amount of time between seeding and 50% of male flowering were all considerably greater at 4g L-1 NPK nano-compound fertilizer concentration. The two genotypes (DKC6664 and Yugoslavian) were greatly outperformed for the 42.52-day period from sowing to 50% male flowering, and the 46.52-day period from sowing to 50% female flowering for the genotype (DKC6664).The plant height of 204.66 and 202.77 cm was significantly exceeded by two genotypes (Babylon and Bahia). Additionally, the number of grains per ear (518.06 and 513.89) was significantly exceeded by both genotypes (Erbil 215481 and DKC6664). The genotype(Yugoslavian) was significantly exceeded for the weight of 100 grains, 34.55 (g), and the total grain yield was superior for both genotypes (DKC6664 and Erbil 215481) at 9.47 and 9.37 (ton.ha-1)

The utilization of bio fertilizers is a promising choice for economical horticulture, and bio fertilizer applications are the most ideal choice, as they fundamentally expanded medicinal ointment content and complete creation of umbellate family plants and dill particularly contrasted with other compost applications. The instruments through which bio fertilizers can decidedly affect dill plant development could be through the union of plant chemicals, nitrogen obsession, decrease of root film potential, and the combination of certain compounds that tweak the degree of plant chemicals like the disintegration of inorganic phosphate. Also, mineralization of organophosphates, which makes phosphorus more accessible to plants, we infer that cultivating designs treated with bio fertilizers are incredible choices for cultivators searching for cleaner, all the more harmless to the ecosystem systems to expand their pay by working on medicinal balm and quality.

Antibiotics have been used for decades in poultry diet to reduce disease infections and improve their productive performance, This may lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the accumulation of these antibiotics residues in animal products that have negative effects on human health, This prompted organizations to attend their use in diets mixtures and the trend towards commercial diets additives of plant origin, including Medicinal plants and their essential oils ,It has antimicrobial properties because it contains many active compounds such as Thymol and Egonol. In addition, medicinal plants contain other biological components such as phenolic compounds, tannins, and organic acids such as mineral salts, vitamins, and enzymes. Medicinal plant oils also contain a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids that increase the efficiency of absorption and metabolism of nutrients present in the diet, this in turn, leads to improved production traits represented by live body weight, weight gain, feed consumed, and the feed conversion plant

A field experiment was conducted in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq for the agricultural season 2022-2023 in the fields of the Agricultural Research Station in Erbil - Ain Kawa Governorate, Lat. 36014\'51.0\"N, Long. 43059\'50.5\"E). In order to the effect of herbicides (Imazethapyr and a mixture of Bentazone + Gallant Super) and their recommended dose for each of these herbicides and the spraying at four periods (two, four, six and eight weeks) after germination for the soybean crop,( Shaimaa cultivar). On 28/5/2022, the experiment was applied according to the complete randomized block design (R.C.B.D.) as a factorial experiment with three replications, and statistical analysis of the data revealed and the following main results: There were significant differences among the average treatments in the effects of herbicides in all characteristics of the yield, except for the weight of 100 seeds.Weed free treatment was superior, followed by the Imazethapyr in terms of number of pods per plant, number of seeds perpods, seeds yield , biological yield, harvest index for which the weed-free treatment . There were significant differences among the averages of the treatments in the interaction between the factors of the study for all growth characteristic. The results also showed that there were significant differences in the percentage of oil and protein.

The storage experiment is carried out in Al-Mustafa’s refrigerated warehouses in Balad District in Salah al-Din Governorate for the agricultural season 2022-2023, where pomegranate fruits (Punica granatum L.).The response of pomegranate fruits to immersion in Assyrian plum extract and potassium sulfate, storage at different temperatures, and storability, fruits are immersed for three minutes in Assyrian plum extract at three concentrations: 0, 1, and 2%. The fruits are immersed in potassium sulfate at three concentrations: 0, 1.5, and 3%. The fruits are stored at different temperatures in refrigerated warehouses (normal room temperature, 5 and 7 °C). The study is carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) as a factorial experiment with three factors and three replications. The Immersion with Assyrian plum extract at a concentration of 2% had a significant effect, the highest peel thickness, amounting to 3.50 mm, the highest percentage of juice, amounting to 53.80%, with the highest vitamin C content of 2.766 mg per 100 gm juice-1, and a higher acidity percentage of 1.01%. As for immersion in potassium sulfate at a concentration of 0%, it had a significant effect, the highest percentage of juice of 53.66%, the lowest percentage of dissolved solids of 14.42%, and the highest content of Vitamin C amounted to 2.767 mg per 100 g juice-1, and the acidity rate is 1.01%. While the 3% concentration of potassium sulfate gave the lowest percentage of microbial damage, which amounted to 4.01%. While the storage temperature of 5°C had a significant effect that led to reducing the percentage of weight loss in the fruits, which amounted to 5.10%, reducing the percentage of microbial damage, which amounted to 3.94%, and maintaining the thickness of the peel, which amounted to 3.62 mm, and the percentage of juice, which amounted to 53.99%, with the lowest percentage of solids. The soluble content reached 14.46%, and the highest vitamin C content reached 2.737 mg per 100 gm juice-1, and the highest acidity reached 1.02%.