Journal of Business Economics for Applied Research

The research aims to measure the role of quality of service in enhancing the ethics of pink product for retailers as a mirror that reflects the overall activities and practices of marketing stores, especially in relation to those products that are directed at women and that they should adhere to marketing ethics during their submission. Hence the problem of research in studying the importance of having ethical marketing practices in the delivery of pink products and testing whether there is a role for quality of service in enhancing the ethics of pink product in workers. The importance of research is reflected in the review of what is the quality of service, the quality culture of the stores, the concept of the pink product and what are the most important marketing practices of the product that the stores must operate according to, as well as the immoral practices that must be moved away from to achieve a reputation and place in the market. The importance of research emerges from its objective of analysing the relationship between the quality of service and the ethics of the pink product. A number of research questions have been formulated that reflect the problem of research in the light of which the objectives and importance of research have been identified. To achieve these goals, a questionnaire has been designed to include: (35) Paragraph for the collection of preliminary data from the research sample consisting of (50) individuals interviewed, where these forms were distributed to a number of individuals working in the sales stores of pink products operating in the city of Tikrit, in the light of which data was collected and analysed and hypotheses tested using the program (SPSS.24) Statistical and use of a set of statistical tools (computational medium, standard deviation, relative importance, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis) To achieve the research objectives, the research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the availability of research variables in the searching stores, according to the perspective of the workers researched. The coefficient of association between the research variants quality of service and the ethics of the pink product was dismissal. This indicates that the increase in the quality of service leads to an increase in the ethics of the pink product in its application during marketing practices.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the strategic architecture in the Nineveh Health Department and a number of its affiliated hospitals, represented by (future, customer centralization, knowledge management, harmony, dynamic capabilities), and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, a set of main and subsidiary hypotheses consistent with its objectives has been formulated, and the field of research has been identified in the Nineveh Health Department and a number of its affiliated hospitals, namely (Al-Salam General Hospital, Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital, Al-Batoul Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Specialized Hospital for Oncology and Nuclear Medicine,
Al-Khansaa Hospital for Children and Childbirth, Ibn Al-Athir Hospital for Children and Childbirth) and represented the research community with (226) directors, and an intentional sample of senior management was used represented by (directors of the department and their assistants, heads of departments and directors of divisions) of (144) managers, and relied on statistical means used to analyze and process data represented by ready-made statistical programming (SPSS). V26), and the research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, and in the end the research reached a number of results and it applies the Nineveh Health Department and a number of its affiliated hospitals strategic architecture.

The research aims to know the reality of the stages of IT project management (IT: Information Technology) and the extent to which the researched company understands the stages of IT project management represented by (initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring and follow-up, termination (closure)), and the problem of the research lies in the reluctance that some suffer from The IT projects launched by the research company in the aspects of achieving the full goals and what they were designed for. A sample of (388) employees working in IT projects were selected, and statistical methods were used, including the descriptive approach, in analyzing the data and extracting the results using the SPSS V26 statistical program. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a clear understanding of the leaders of the researched company when managing the stages of IT projects. The research also reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to enhance care for the stages of IT project management, by benefiting from the experiences of leading organizations in the field of communications, whether inside or outside Iraq. And keenness to benefit from every technological progress achieved in a manner that achieves the implementation of these stages as required, and to understand the overlap that occurs between them.

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of financial innovation on total bank deposits, a sample of Arab banks that deal with new financial tools in addition to innovative service techniques. The study used the Evews10 program and relied on the method
The panel data is the time series in the analysis for a sample of banks in the Arab countries, which are (Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon), with a total of 60 views, and for the period from (2011-2020).
Looking at the results of the study, the financial innovations represented by (ATMs and electronic cards) showed their morale, but with a different effect on the total bank deposits.
This can be explained by the fact that financial innovations have an impact on the reputation of banks that have employed innovative financial tools in their business, which is reflected in the increased turnout of those dealing with them in the banking market.

The research aims to determine the nature of the impact relationship of cognitive complexity with its two dimensions (cognitive differentiation and cognitive integration) in improving the effectiveness of work teams with its five dimensions (appropriate communication, cohesion, participation, cooperation, and achieving goals) in a number of faculties of the University of Mosul, and for the purpose of achieving the objective of the study, the analytical approach was used. The descriptive questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, as the research sample amounted to (304) teachers in a number of faculties of the University of Mosul with various scientific titles. The ready-made statistical programs (SPSS V26) and (Amos V26) were relied on for the purpose of conducting the required statistical tests, and the research concluded that there is an impact relationship for the cognitive complexity variable in improving the effectiveness of work teams, as well as a direct effect relationship for cognitive differentiation and cognitive integration in improving the effectiveness of Work teams in the studied colleges. The research recommends the necessity of paying attention to the process of selecting and employing administrative leaders in the colleges under study, because it is largely reflected on the results of the performance of individuals.

The Purpose of The Current Research is to Identify The Extent of Clarity in Which The Strategy of Iraqi Private Universities is Characterized Through Its Dimensions (Clarity of Goals, Clarity of Resource Use, Clarity of Activities and Procedures, Clarity of Organizational Structure, Clarity of The Role of Staff), and to Achieve The Goal of The Research, The Descriptive Analytical Approach Was Used to Collect and Analyze Data. Through The Questionnaire, Which is The Main Tool for The Study, a Number of Iraqi Private Colleges and Universities Have Been Selected, Represented by (Al-Turath University, Dijla University College, Al-Noor University College, and Al-Hadba University College). and The Research Community is Represented by a Group of (786) Teaching Staff in These Colleges and Universities (Intentionally) Was Chosen From Among Them (349) Teaching Staff and With Various Scientific Titles (Professor, Assistant Professor, Teacher, Assistant Teacher). The Research Reached a Set of Conclusions, Including The Availability of Dimensions of Strategic Clarity in The Colleges and Universities Surveyed, as The Clarity of The Organizational Structure is One of The Most Important Dimensions That Received The Attention of The Administration of The Surveyed Colleges When Formulating Their Overall Strategies, and There is no Discrepancy in The Adoption of These Dimensions.
Based on The Results of The Research, a Set of Proposals Was Developed, The Most Important of Which Was The Need For The University Administration to Pay Attention to The Dimensions of Strategic Clarity

Iraq has gone through economic, political, and social changes by applying the policy of economic openness and then the economic reform programs since 2003, which included structural adjustments to the Iraqi economy and the financial, monetary, price, and marketing policies, liberalizing prices and letting them be determined according to the forces of supply and demand. Iraq has gone through economic, political, and social changes by applying the policy of economic openness and then the economic reform programs since 2003, which included structural adjustments to the Iraqi economy and the financial, monetary, price, and marketing policies, liberalizing prices and letting them be determined according to the forces of supply and demand, achieve this goal, the paper relied on the descriptive-analytical approach that relies on time-series data, using the Cointe-Cointegrating Regression model and the model estimation method through ARCH, DOLS, and FMOLS models; Finally, the paper reached many conclusions, including there is a positive relationship between trade openness and some macroeconomic variables represented by (economic growth, inflation, unemployment, external debts), and the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar positively affected economic growth and low inflation rates, While its impact on unemployment and external loans was negative. The paper concluded that the reforms undertaken by the Iraqi government to attract foreign investment did not contribute to achieving economic growth, declining inflation and unemployment rates. The research suggested the need to continue economic reform in order to eliminate challenges and the need to direct more support and facilities for local investment and then foreign investment to achieve economic development in Iraq.

The aim of the research is to provide a theoretical framework on the process of capital formation, as well as to build a quantitative model that reflects the size and direction of the impact of some financial and economic variables represented in (domestic credit provided to the private sector, trade, exports of goods and services, imports of goods and services, interest rate, foreign direct investment, Savings, inflation, the total value of traded shares) in the capital accumulation of the Sultanate of Oman, To achieve this, it was relied on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Estimate (ARDL) methodology and by adopting the data of those variables and for a time series for the period (1990-2020) with annual data, and for the number of views of the time series (31) observations, one of the most important conclusions of the research is the negative impact of the real interest rate (INT), which reflects that the reduced interest rates resulting from financial repression do not encourage the mobilization and allocation of savings through the financial system, and this has a negative impact on capital accumulation, The research suggested the need to abandon the policies of financial restraint and liberalization of interest rates, which will lead to an increase in savings and credit and to a more efficient allocation of these funds, which contributes positively to capital accumulation.

The study is aiming at testing the middle role of marketing intelligence in the relation between lean marketing and customer’s value through a pilot study conducted for a group of managers and employees in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries in Baghdad, As the study adopted a pilot manner, so the researcher born a significant effort through visiting the selected company many times to collect the opinions of the sample of managers and employees who are considered as knowledge resources who have the ability to achieve the required value that signifies the organization’s products relying upon the modern marketing methods. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which was the existence of a logical correlation between the variables of the study, where it was found that the relationship between the lean marketing variable and the customer value variable was a direct relationship through the positive sign of the regression coefficient, which amounted to 0.883, and the relationship between the lean marketing variable and the marketing intelligence variable was a direct relationship through the positive sign of the regression coefficient, which amounted to (0.861), in addition to the direct effect between the lean marketing variable and the customer value variable by mediating the marketing intelligence variable, and it was a direct effect through the indication of the regression coefficient estimator between them, which equals (0.349). To generalize the outcomes of the study, the study sample is accurately chosen, represented by a total (214) persons, among which group of high and middle administrative managers, in addition to administrative employees. To test the rightness of hypotheses, the descriptive analytical programs (AMOS V.25) and (SPSS V.25) are used.
The study came to a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that there is a logical correlation and great harmony between the variables of the study, As when testing the effect relationship, there was a direct and indirect effect, i.e. partial mediation between the agile marketing variable and the customer value variable by mediating the marketing intelligence variable, which indicates the validity of the researcher’s assumptions and perceptions in building an integrative system for the relationship between the study variables.
At the end, the study gives recommendations, such as, the necessity of using lean marketing dimensions in business organizations, the local ones in specific, through identifying and manifesting the importance of giving up all wastes reasons and activities that do not give any added value to the organization.

This research focused on the time which is one of the important elements of any successful project and one of the important reasons of finishing a project in time is scheduling and organizing the most important thing to schedule and organize is the stages and steps of execution a project under scheduling for all the stages of the project execution , scheduling plans activities at the same time it depends on each other to exploit time that insured the completion of the project in a nick of time this was applied to the industrial water treatment expansion project at Baiji refinery, The problem of the project was the length of its implementation, which took nearly two years due to its largeness and its overlapping agenda and activities Which necessitated the search for a method to solve the problem of scheduling the project in an accurate manner to ensure the use of time and the completion of the project within the specified time, The dynamic programming method was used to schedule the project and find the critical path for it by dividing the project network (the problem) into sub-stages (sub-problems) and find the perfect solution to facilitate finding the optimal solution to the main problem of finding the time to complete the project and determining the critical path for it, The most important conclusion was that the project completion period amounted to (603) days While the actual implementation of the project took place after (1112) days.

This study aims to identify the role of some industrial waste management strategies in achieving environmental sustainability, The research problem centered on the presence of weakness by the management of the General Company for Sulfur Al-Mishraq in the management and treatment of industrial waste, which negatively affected the achievement of environmental sustainability, as the research problem raised many questions.The importance of the study is demonstrated by highlighting the reality of the practices of industrial organizations for management strategies. Its waste and its responsibility towards achieving environmental sustainability, and the aim of the research is to provide a theoretical and practical framework. It enables the company to know the level of its orientation to apply the research variables, and then analyse the reality. In order to reach the results related to the development of this approach through a descriptive and analytical approach. A random sample of (86) respondents was chosen. The study sample included various administrative levels in the researched company. Accordingly, the research adopted the questionnaire as a main tool to obtain Information with the use of a number of statistical methods to test the hypotheses of the study by adopting the program (Spss 26), and the research reached a set of results in the researched company, which was deduced from During which the following: The general rate of awareness of the sample members about each variable of the research was Positive, and there is a significant correlation and effect between waste management strategies industrial and environmental sustainability.

The current study aims to diagnose Human Resource Management Practices with the expressed dimensions (human resource planning, employment, training and development, Compensation and incentives and performance evaluation),the questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for data collection, the statistical program (SPSS) was relied to analyze the data collected from a sample of (100) respondents representing managers in the field of the research organization under study, Using statistical methods (percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, response intensity), a set of conclusions were reached that confirm the availability of those dimensions. At different levels in the research organization, the study presented several proposals, the most important of which is the necessity of increasing interest in the practices of human resources management, and the opportunity for any worker who has constructive ideas for its proposal and taking them into consideration and applying them according to the available capabilities.

All countries of the world deal with direct foreign investments due to the returns they achieve on the host countries, and the alternative to this type of investments on the other hand, represented by foreign loans, has proven ineffective due to the consequences thereof, and so in light of the inflated costs associated with borrowing from the outside world, The sources of funding that remain available are limited to working on attracting foreign investment on the one hand and stimulating local investment on the other hand. Therefore, we see an increase in the importance of foreign investment, especially for Turkey, which is indicated by the many factual evidence of its effective contribution to raising the rates of output growth, creating job opportunities, transferring modern technology and improving performance the human element.

The current research aims to determine the role of emotional marketing in brand loyalty, and Asiacell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq / Mosul city was chosen as a field for research, for the purpose of achieving the goal and answering the questions of the intellectual problem of the research, the most important of which was (How focused is the organization under study on brand loyalty?), The sample was selected from the clients of Asia Cell in the city of Mosul, and it amounted to (354), Statistical methods were used, including the descriptive analytical method, in analyzing data and extracting results through the use of statistical programs (SPSS V26, AMOS V24), The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the company in question adopts emotional marketing in its activities in a limited way, which is reflected in the process of attracting customers and attracting them to acquire its services compared to competitors, There is a significant correlation between emotional marketing and brand loyalty, as well as a significant effect relationship between emotional marketing and brand loyalty , The most important recommendations were the need to deal with the concept of emotional marketing by the company in question to maintain existing customers and obtain new customers.

The study aimed to analyze the nature and mechanism of the impact of the exchange rate on the financing gap, to identify its risks, and to determine its effects in determining its levels. To achieve this, the researcher collected the necessary data on the Iraqi banking sector and the exchange rate for the period from (2004-2021), depending on the simple linear regression model of the studied variables, the results revealed the vital and effective role played by the exchange rate in the Iraqi economy and the financing gap after the banking sector, one of the most important sectors of the Iraqi economy, by proving its moral effect in the three models (deposits, credit, the gap), where the price of The exchange in pushing the financing gap indicators of the Iraqi banking sector and all models downward, given the relative stability of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate thanks to the currency auction during the study period, which weakened the extent of the impact of its movements on credit developments, which resulted in reducing the financing gap.

The study aims to identify the role of green technology represented in its four dimensions (green energy, green chemistry, green nanotechnology, green buildings) in improving the quality of work life represented by its five dimensions (work pressure, job satisfaction, job security, wages and promotion, employee participation) in a company North Oil, as the study problem crystallized around a The level of green technology in the surveyed company is low and not at the required level, and then this reflects negatively on the quality of work life for employees in various forms represented by low productivity, high injuries, high percentage of occupational diseases, employee dissatisfaction, many defects)To achieve the objectives of the study, a hypothetical scheme was developed that reflects the hypothetical study scheme, which was explained by a set of hypotheses that were tested in the (SPSS) program in presenting the results. An individual from the study community, and the descriptive analytical method was used, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: It was found through the results of the correlation analysis for the company in question that there is a correlation between green technology and the overall quality of work life. In addition to that, there is a close and strong correlation between each dimension of green technology with the quality of work life. It is clear from the results of the regression analysis that there is an impact on the quality of work life by green technology in the company under study in a holistic way, and when testing the relationship of influence between the dimensions of green technology in the quality of work life, it was found that there are differences in the impact, but in varying proportions Accordingly, the researcher presented a set of proposals, the most important of which are: The first proposal: The necessity of the company's senior management commitment to green technology and giving it a higher strategic importance by providing an appropriate infrastructure and training personnel on how to deal with technology in a way that achieves the benefit of the company. The second proposal: the need for managers at the higher administrative levels in the industrial company to pay attention to workers by allocating the reward for efficient workers, whether material or moral, praising the efficient work in front of others and giving them letters of thanks and appreciation, and this would maximize the role of management and affect the quality of work life.

The research aims to determine the impact of organizational immunity on organizational commitment, an analytical study in the Nineveh Health Department. The study sample was selected from (307) employees from the Nineveh Health Department departments, and the research followed the descriptive analytical approach, as it was relied on the questionnaire that was built according to what was presented In the theoretical frameworks as a main tool for collecting data and information, and the research reached a set of conclusions, among which there is a direct and moral impact of organizational immunity on organizational commitment in the researched organization, and this in turn confirms that the Nineveh Health Department can continue, survive and reach its goals if the achievement of the goals of the workers is taken into account. As for the most important proposals, it is necessary to work to keep workers away from work under pressure for long periods of time because of its negative effects on the organization’s immunity and a threat to the workflow. To address it, this is done by providing the appropriate number of workers in line with the size and nature of the tasks assigned to them and their capabilities and maintaining their organizational commitment.

The research aims to measure and analyze the impact of changes in internal and external debt on the paragraphs of the general budget in the Iraqi economy through the use of modern standard methods. The short and long term through the statistical program (Eveiws10).
The results of analyzing the relationship between the internal and external debt and the general budget paragraphs showed that there is a relationship between the public debt structure (internal debt and external debt) and the budget paragraphs. The internal public debt and the budget paragraph, the presence of an adverse effect and at a level of growth of less than (5%) between the external public debt and public expenditures, and a weak adverse effect between the internal public debt and public expenditures in the Iraqi economy during the research period.

The research aims to test the impact of Managerial Ability on the Going Concern in the banking and industrial sectors. In the research, the objectives of Managerial Ability were reviewed and specified and capacity was clarified as an intangible asset. The method of data envelope analysis (DEA) was also adopted to measure Managerial Ability, which is in two stages based on the study. (Demerjian, 2012), and the Going Concern and its importance and management’s responsibility in assessing the Going Concern were addressed, and the (Altman) model was adopted to measure the Going Concern. The results concluded that there is a significant correlation between the Managerial Ability and the Going Concern, and there is a positive and significant effect of the Managerial Ability on the Going Concern in the research sample. This indicates that the higher the efficiency of Managerial Ability in The research sample companies were reflected in enhancing the Going Concern.

The research aims to show the impact of exchange rate changes on some macroeconomic variables in Iraq and the quality of this effect (positive or negative) throughout the research period (2004-2020). The Central Bank has clearly affected the exchange rate and the general level of prices throughout the period (2004-2020), as well as the recommendations it recommends, the most prominent of which is it is necessary to limit the powers related to the exchange rate in the hands of the Central Bank of Iraq and not to interfere by other authorities in a currency, perhaps the most important of which is the need to diversify sources Income and revenues and not relying on oil revenues that are exposed to fluctuations in the global market, up and down from one period to another in order to strengthen and strengthen the Iraqi dinar exchange rate against other foreign currencies

The research aims to study the impact of oil price fluctuations in the global market on the general index (isx60) of the Iraqi stock market for the period (2004-2020), in addition to measuring and estimating the relationship between oil prices and the (ISX60) index through the use of the ARDL methodology. To estimate the relationship in the long and short term through the statistical program (EViews), it was found from the results of the standard analysis according to the Phelps-Peron test (pp) that the independent and dependent variable are not stable at the original level, but rather stabilized at the first difference, so the autoregressive model of distributed slowness was used (ARDL) to estimate The relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The results of the standard analysis also proved that the independent variable (oil price fluctuations) explained the changes in the dependent variable, as it explained the change in the market index by (88%) in the Iraqi economy during the research period. The study recommended that those responsible for managing the financial market work by all available means to reduce From the impact of this almost complete link between oil and financial markets, especially crude oil exporting countries, including Iraq. In addition to trying to expand the mechanisms for controlling the performance of financial markets and work with maximum effort to make them commensurate with the changes that occur in oil prices, up and down, and able to confront and get rid of the sharp fluctuations in these prices that occur in the oil market.

The study aimed to highlight the specificity of the components of strategic entrepreneurship represented by (entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurship leadership, strategically managed resources, entrepreneurship mind) in building the elements of strategic innovation represented by (creating value, finding a new market, reaching the market, destroying competition), and the medical staff was selected. The international community in the city of Tikrit is a field for research, as the community is represented by (62) individuals working in the Commission, and a non-random (intentional) sample was drawn by (53) individuals to represent the community correctly. Data was collected by the questionnaire, which is the main tool for the study. The study concluded that The strategic leadership in the International Medical Corps depends entirely on its components (strategically managed resources, entrepreneurship mind), while there was no importance for each of (the entrepreneurial culture, the pioneering leadership), and therefore the elements of strategic entrepreneurship contribute to building the elements of strategic innovation, and accordingly it was recommended The study increases interest in entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurship leadership because of its effective role if mixed with the expertise of its personnel and strategic resources.

The aim of the research is to determine the role of entrepreneurial alertness with its dimensions (survey and research, engagement and communication, evaluation and judgment) in reducing organizational failure by its dimensions (organizational arrogance, organizational myopia, organizational self-reflection, organizational shock) in Diyala General Company for Electrical Industries (160) questionnaires (33) questionnaires were retrieved, so the number of valid ones for statistical analysis is (127) questionnaires. It was distributed to the decision makers in the researched company because they are the most able to understand the variables of the study. The (SPSS,V.26) and (AMOS,V.23) programs were used, and the study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of entrepreneurial alertness in reducing organizational failure of the researched company, which indicates that the researched company is working to reduce organizational failure through entrepreneurial alertness.

The study deals with the problem of changes in the oil price and the extent of its impact on the volume of trading in the stock market, and accordingly the study was based on a number of objectives, the most important of which are: knowing the impact of changes in the oil price, the exchange rate and interest rates in the Iraqi stock market. To achieve this goal, the standard analytical approach was adopted using the (ARDL) model, and based on the available data for the period (2009-2022). This is due to the almost total dependence of Iraqi governments on oil revenues in the general budget of the country, and monetary and fiscal policy also depends on oil revenues. Accordingly, it is necessary to carry out evaluation procedures by the monetary authorities to show the benefits and negative effects of monetary policy decisions on the performance of financial markets.

The research study indicates a measurement of the relationship between the monetary offer in the broad concept and the interest rate for the purpose of detecting the effects that the monetary offer leaves on the interest rate, and the research assumed that there is an effect of the cash display on the interest rate through what the standard tests have proven, if the research results showed that there is an integrative relationship between the independent variable Represented by the criticism and the dependent variable, the interest rate, and the search results revealed and found an adverse relationship between the criticism and interest rate variable, as statistical results showed through the value of (R2) that the stable variable has interpreted the dependent variable by 69%, and through this relationship the monetary authority can influence the These economic variables to achieve economic stability.