Journal of Physical Education

The aim of the research is to know the effect of using special exercises for some physical, motor and electrical abilities, accompanied by symmetrical electrical stimulation, in rehabilitating the muscles of the arms for patients with simple hemiplegic cerebral palsy. In favor of the simple test and the post test, the researchers used the experimental approach (one group design with two pre and posttests) due to its suitability to the nature of the problem to be solved. As for the research community, it was represented by people with simple hemiplegic cerebral palsy, whose ages ranged from (35 years and over), while the research sample consisted of (5) people with simple hemiplegia of the right arm and right leg. The researchers concluded that the early rehabilitative approach is more useful in rehabilitating the muscles that do not reach the induction, and that the use of symmetrical electrical stimulation is better than the use of external stimulation whose intensity is not controlled. The need to unify the rehabilitation curricula in the Iraqi Ministry of Health and rehabilitation centers, to develop diagnostic tests to know the onset of paraplegia and tests to diagnose complete rehabilitation.

The aim of the research is to find out the effect of using manufactured auxiliary tools to perform the maximum speed of the hands in learning the skill of hitting baseball (Baseball) for ages under 12 years. The research problem was identified through the researcher's practice of baseball as a player in the national team. Especially at the beginning of learning, and the research hypothesized that the use of manufactured auxiliary tools has a positive effect to perform the maximum speed of the hands in learning the skill of hitting with baseball. (20) beginner players with ages under (12) years, and the research sample consisted of (12) players, and two players were excluded for their participation in the exploratory experiment. Manufactured aids in teaching the skill of hitting baseball and moving away from the traditional method

The study aimed to identify the effect of Driver's model on learning the skills subject of the research. As for the research hypothesis, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the cardio and post-test for the control and experimental groups in learning to perform some volleyball skills. The two researchers used the experimental research method using the method of the experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of (10) groups of students in the second stage, where (3) groups were chosen, namely (H, Z, and Y), as the researcher chose section (J) for the exploratory experiment, and the number of them was large. (33) and Section (E), the experimental group (Driver’s model) and Al-Bala’, numbered (28), and Section (G), the control group and Al-Bal’, numbered (30). After that, the two researchers chose the research variables, performance evaluation tests, conducting exploratory experiments, and developing exercises through Driver’s model, and they also conducted tests. Pre and post to obtain the results, process them statistically, and then extract the results. Through the latter, the two researchers concluded: Using an educational model based on a sequence and application interspersed with an arrangement leads to learning volleyball skills. And introducing the educational model proposed by the two researchers into teaching volleyball skills.

By observing the first researcher, he found that there is some weakness in the physical capabilities, including the strength distinguished by the speed of the legs and arms, and this affects the boxer's ability to continue in the fight, especially at the end of the last round. For young boxers, the research aims to identify the effect of a training field in Lake Razzaza to develop the strength characteristic of speed for the legs and arms of young boxers, and it is assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests. Selection of the research community of young boxing players in the Karbala Governorate clubs, whose number is (4) clubs, and the research sample was chosen randomly, and they are the youth players of the Iraq Sports Club in Karbala Governorate, whose number is (12) players with weights (60-64 kg), where the sample is divided into two groups (experimental and control) and that the exercises prepared by the researcher affected the development of strength characterized by the speed of the legs and arms of boxing players weighing (60-64) in the youth category. The researchers recommended the use of the training field and special exercises for other samples, levels and games .

The aim of the research is to design compound exercises with hardware technology to find out the extent of their impact on some of the physical and skillful abilities of soccer players. And to identify the effect of compound exercises designed on some physical abilities. And also to identify The effect of complex exercises designed on some of the skill abilities of soccer players. A test of the equivalence of the research sample was carried out with the torsion coefficient, and it was found that its value ranged between (±1). The tests were implemented within two days, and accordingly, the duration of the main research experiment was (8) weeks, three training units per week.

The importance of research is highlighted in identifying genetic determinants and indicators, especially the mechanisms of some genes associated with sports training, and in this way it is possible to control changing what is included in the training environment to influence the function of genes for female runners. The research problem centered on the possibility of determining the genetic diversity of the ACE gene to determine the genetic characteristics that distinguish female runners, which would work to develop the training process in order to achieve the best sporting achievement, which contributes to expanding horizons for coaches and players alike. The research aimed to identify the alleles of the ACE gene and determine its effect on the development of short anaerobic (phosphagenous) abilities, strength characterized by speed, and the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The researchers used the one-group experimental approach, and the research community was selected from (8) young female athletics players. Tests were conducted before and after using the exercises that were developed as a training curriculum in the playgrounds of the Ministry of Youth schools. After obtaining the results, processing them statistically, and discussing them, the researchers concluded that there were differences. Significant in favor of the post-tests in all variables. In view of this, the researchers recommended preparing training exercises for female runners and completing the 200 m as a function of genetic indicators and according to the genetic classification.

The study aimed to prepare physical exercises on developing power defined by speed and agility for first-degree football assistant referees and to identify the effect of physical exercises on developing power defined by speed and agility for first-degree football assistant referees. The researchers used the experimental method, on (10) assistant referee in each experimental and control group. The researcher applied the experiment using training tools and (4) training sessions for eight weeks. The results showed significant effect on power define by speed and agility test in both groups in favor of experimental group.

Through the observation of the first researcher, being an international judge, he found that there is a weakness in the shooting skill for beginners, and therefore the researcher decided to put tests and educational units in the shooting accuracy, as the research assumes the existence of statistically significant hypotheses, and its importance lies as a contribution to the development of this skill and its access to advanced stages, where the researchers used The experimental approach, due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of 10 players with a pre and posttest for one group, where they were chosen randomly, and the data was processed statistically using the statistical packages for social sciences (spss) in light of the results obtained by the researchers. Learning the shooting skill and mastering it well. He also recommended the need to use delayed feedback at different times, with an increase in the feedback time in the educational units, in order for the player to benefit more from the coach’s instructions.

The study aimed to prepare neuromuscular compatibility (PNF) exercises to treat frozen shoulder injury and to identify the effect of using (PNF) exercises on the range of motion of the shoulder joint. The experimental method was used to suit the research problem, and the research sample was chosen intentionally and numbered (8). were injured. As for the field research procedures, the two researchers conducted preliminary range of motion tests, which are (flexion test, extension test, abduction test, horizontal abduction test, horizontal adduction test, inward rotation test, and outward rotation test), and then conducted the main experiment for two months at a rate of three units per week, with a total of ( 8) weeks, with a total of (24) treatment sessions. The session time ranged in the treatment units (20-30 minutes), in which PNF exercises were used with an intensity determined according to the severity of the pain. After that, post-tests were conducted, taking into account the conditions that took place in the pre-tests. As for the results of the research Significant differences appeared between the pre- and post-tests in the range of motion tests used in the research. The researchers also concluded the effectiveness of using neuromuscular compatibility exercises (PNF) to treat frozen shoulder injury and also increase the range of motion of the shoulder joint in the research sample. The researchers recommended developing neuromuscular compatibility exercises (PNF). ) within the rehabilitation programs of treatment centers, as well as adopting these exercises to rehabilitate shoulder injuries.

Athletics is one of the most important individual games in the world, which is widely practiced and includes many activities, including short-distance and long-distance running and marathons, as well as throwing events and jumping and jumping activities, which need educational and training curricula in order to develop these events. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in preparing dynamic lactic exercises according to the target time to develop endurance for 800m runners (under 20 years old) in order to raise the physical and physiological levels that raise the readiness of the runners to achieve what they want. The research sample represents the activity of running (800 m) under 20 years old, whose number is (6) runners who represent 100% of the community of origin from the elite of Baghdad. For special endurance using dynamic lactic exercises. The statistical bag (spss) was used to extract the results. By presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, it was found that there is an effect of dynamic lactic exercises according to the time spent in developing the special endurance of 800m (under 20 years old) between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group. Summary of the research.

The hero student is considered a distinguished student in a particular sport, excelled and worked hard in it, and won medals in honor of his time and effort to obtain them. There are (32) students in the college, who were chosen by the intentional method. The researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the aim of the research, and the researchers used a questionnaire consisting of two axes, and the frequency and percentage were calculated, and according to the collected results, they concluded that there was a discrepancy between the answers of the heroic students on the different paragraphs of the questionnaire in the cognitive and applied axis. The researchers recommended the need to conduct similar studies on The rest of the categories accepted in the college to serve its students.

The importance of research lies in designing teaching units based on problem solving according to positive motivation for learning performance of some fundamental volleyball skills as well as identifying the effect of this style on learning volleyball skills (serving, underhand and overhead passing). The researchers used the experimental method on (198) students from Al Ameen preparatory school for the academic year 2022 – 2023. Twenty-four students were divided into two equal groups; 12 students from section A to form the experimental group and 12 students from section c to form the controlling group. Pretests were conducted followed by the style applied on the students and posttests. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that problem solving style have a positive role in achieving significant results for experimental group as well as its role in individual differences among students. Finally, the researchers recommended the necessity of using this style in learning and making similar studies using this style on other subjects and other skills.

The speed of performance has become one of the most important requirements of modern football, taking into account the large area of its field of play, and in order for the football referee, who is one of the pillars of this game, to successfully lead the match, he must have high physical fitness, which also enables him to pass Physical tests that he undergoes during the sports season, as well as high performance during the match.
The importance of the research is highlighted by the preparation of a training curriculum to develop the physical performance of the referees of the Iraqi Premier Football League (yard referees) during the competition period.
The problem centered on the study is that most of the referees have a problem in preparing for the physical tests during the downtime between the first and second phase of the league (home and away), and most of the referees train throughout the football season on the running track for athletics and stay away from the real test of the referee, which is the field of play, so the application Standardized secondary tests approved by the International Federation of Football Associations and the use of the playing field for physical testing will inevitably contribute to changing the method of training during the competition period and avoiding the negative situations that accompany this period of physical pressure in training and the large number of injuries among referees.
The research aimed to prepare a training curriculum and identify the impact of the curriculum on passing the readiness tests for the arena referees for the Iraqi Premier Football League.
The researchers used the experimental method with one group due to its suitability to the nature of the problem of the study, and they chose the research sample from the arena referees for the Premier League, the first division in Baghdad Governorate, and their number was (15) referees, representing 50% of the research community, and special tests were conducted on them in the stadiums of the Ministry of Youth and Sports / Baghdad, and after analyzing And discussing the results, the researchers found that there are significant differences between the pre and posttests and in favor of the post tests of the research group because of the methodology used.

This study aimed at identifying the degree of concentration of attention and its relationship peaceful scoring in basketball for Cubs players. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to the suitability of the objectives of the study,where the study sample consisted of (12) players from Alaadhamia club sport for ages under (14 years) for the year 2022-2023. They were chosen deliberately from research community represented by Baghdad club they have cubs players entrant in the Iraqi basketball association tournaments. were used the test of the concentration of attention in thesystem HRP , and the test of peaceful scoring in basketball , The study results showed a positive correlation between the degree of concentration of attention and peaceful scoring in basketball for Cubs players .

The research aims to identify the mass media role in spreading sports culture among women in the Sultanate of Oman in the light of Oman Vision 2040.The descriptive method usingthe survey way was used.The survey was conducted on a pilot sample of (25) examineesduring the period from 2-15 December 2020, and it was conducted on the (84) research main sample members, between December 20/2020 to February 1/2021.The results indicated that the mass media focused on the importance of practicing all aspects of sports for all activities in terms of the positive effects on their physical, psychological and social health.The study recommends that sports media should rely on academic experiences to convey their ideas about the importance of women exercising

The purpose of this research is to know the reality of the organizational excellence ofthe administrative bodies of Baghdad sports clubs through coach’sviews. The tworesearchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the natureof the problem. After reviewing many studies and researches, the tow researcherbuildsan organizationalexcellence standard and carry out the scientific stepsto build the standards including choosing the demolition of the standard and theconcept of it, choosing the fields and presenting them to the experts, formulatingphrases for the fields and presenting them to the experts, subjecting thephrases to scientific transactions and applying the exploratory experiment, and thenfinally the main building. The researchers used the statistical package for socialsciences (SPSS) program in order to extract the results of the research, whichshowed that the sample hadobtained a result of moral significance, which indicatesthat they possess organizational excellence. The researchers have reachedmany results, the most important administrativefield which the sample is neededto handled and strengthen is the modern field technology whereas loyalty fieldwas the leastfield that needed strengthen.

There is no doubt that the scientific progress in sports sciences, including the physiology of sports training and nutrition, which clarified the importance of fluids and mineral salts for the athlete, how to replace lost fluids and salts, and maintain the balance of fluids in the body. The problem of research was the imbalance of some elements of mineral salts in the blood, such as Sodium, potassium, andthe level of LDH enzyme imbalance. The research aims to prepare a nutritional solution that is taken orally to compensate for the imbalance in these elements. The experiment was applied to (9) advanced wrestlers. The experimental method was used to designone experimental group with pre, intermediate and remote measurements, and SPSS was used. To process the data statistically and according to the results obtained, the researcher concluded that the nutritional solution has a positive effect in returning these elements as close as possible to the natural state. In addition, the researcher recommended the need to use the nutritional solution on samples, levels and other categories.

A coach who faces difficulty in assuming responsibility tends to stumble or persist in a certain task or a certain way of dealing with the task. Therefore, when a coach undertakes a task, whether in the training process or in competitions, the coach assumes responsibility, which means maturity, meaning that the coach is responsible for His behavior towards the players. The research aims to: build a measure of assuming responsibility for football coaches from the point of view of the Iraqi Premier League players. Knowing the assumption of responsibility for football coaches from the point of view of the Iraqi Premier League players. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers chose the descriptive approach using the survey method, and the research sample was chosen randomly and the research samples were distributed. The Iraqi Premier League players are as follows: The sample of the reconnaissance experiment included (30) players, with a percentage of (5.01%) from the research community. They were chosen by a simple random method, drawing lots, and included (150) players, with a percentage of (25.08),and included (100).player, with a percentage of (16.72) from the research community. After building the scale based on health scientific foundations, the researchers arrived at a final scale in the hope of applying it and applying it. The results were extracted to conclude the following: that soccer coaches have a commitment to human ethics and care for them on the personal and collective level. That soccer coaches have The ability to analyze scientific information and follow different methods to reach the desired goals based on that information. The researchers also recommended several recommendations, including supporting football coaches by providing material and moral support to encourage them to develop their level of performance, and holding training courses and seminars that raise the level of technical and training coaches.

The general objective of this study is to employ the factorial Structure of some physical measurements as an indicator for the selection of judo players.The study used the descriptive approach using the survey method, the sample size was (30) judo players from the youth category, representing clubs (Al-Shabab, Uhud, and Al-Ansar). To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher relied on some physical measurements such as measuring lengths, circumferences, widths, depths, body surface area, in addition to body composition measurements The study measurements were conducted in January 2023 AD in the Laboratory of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and in the outdoor courts at Taibah University, KSA, The results of the study indicated the emergence of three basic factors in the physical measurements of youth judo players, and they can be used as an indicator for selecting judo players, which are as follows: (Forearm circumference / left, total length, fat percentage), The study recommends the necessity of paying attention to the physical determinants of judo players highlighted in this study. This factors can be utilized As a scientific basis for the selection of judo players in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and in organizing and directing training programs for youth judo players.

The multiplicity of learning methods and the diversity of methods used by the teacher have become one of the foundations of effective teaching, in addition to being one of the most important pillars that connect the learner to the goal, which is learning. Play-style learning is one of the learning methods that teachers have turned to in order to achieve the greatest learning outcome, in addition to the fact that it excites the learner and stimulates his motivation and the spirit of competition to reach the goal. Therefore, the researchers chose it to test the effect of combined exercises in the play-style learning style on both motivation and the throwing skill and Islam in the hoop, which thefemale students face great difficulty in learning how to perform skills or in achieving any achievement in them, in addition to the poor performance of the female students in this activity. The importance of the research is evident in trying to find a method that stimulates the motivation and spirit of competition for female students to advance the scientific and practical level in the activity under research. The researchers used the experimental method to suit it with the nature of the research and its objectives. The research sample consisted of (34) female students from the third stage, with (4) female students for the exploratory experiment and (15) female students for each of the control and experimental groups for female students. Pre-tests were conducted and those who conducted the experiment were Then, conductingpost-tests and using appropriate statistical methods after collecting the data for the tests in order to reach the results required to achieve the research objectives. The researchers concluded that exercises combined with the learning-by-play method had a clear impact on improving motivation and increasing their enthusiasm for learning according to this method among the female students. The researchers recommended Using the method of learning through play in the classroom because of its effect on increasing motivation, as well as the necessity of testing more than one method to achieve good skill learning and increase achievement in the activity under study

The lesson of physical education needs many things related to the reality of the student in it and the reality of the teacher and the requirements and tools required and the care of education and school administration for this lesson. Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad for the academic year 2022/2023, numbering (363) students, as they were chosen by the intentional method,The researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the aim of the research, and the researchers used a questionnaire consisting of (4) axes, and the frequency and percentage were calculated. With sports supplies and the axis of school administration, the researchers recommended the necessity of conducting similar studiesin the faculties of physical education and sports sciences