Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

Monthly Maximum surface air temperature at 23 stations in Iraq were analyzed for temporal trends and spatial variation during 1980-2015.Seasonal and annual temperature was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test to detect the significant trend .The results of temporal analysis showed that during winter ,spring,summer and autumn have a positive trend in all the parts of Iraq. A tendency has also been observed towards warmer years, with significantly warmer summer and spring periods and slightly warmer autumn and winter, The highest increase is (3.9)oC in Basrah during the summer. The results of spatial analysis using the ArcGIS showed that the seasonal temperature can be divided into two or three distinct areas with high temperature in the south and decreasing towards north, where the trend of spatial temperature were decreasing from south to the north in all the four seasons

Air temperature is considered one of the important atmosphere elements because of its wide effects on the climate variables and climate system, besides its effects on the human life. This research aims at estimating increasing of air temperature in both ofcity center and rural side based on increasing of population in city center and more less than rural side. The sources of data come from two stations; the Baghdad International Airport station of the General Authority for Meteorology and Seismic Monitoring, and the station of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences affiliated to the Faculty of Science, University of Mustansiriyah. Supported data are monthly average for mean air temperature.Results showed that there was a strong tendency for a temperature increasing during July and October.The effect of population density on the temperature was clear and significance. Where the difference between the two stations after the addition of the impact for October was 7.4oC

The aim of this study is to detection the antifungal effect of Zirconium oxide nanoparticleson mold which isolated from domestic's bathroom during April 2017 in Baghdad City. Twenty species were isolated from one hundred samples which were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus,, Aspergillus duricaulis, Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus. parasiticus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus. brasiliensis, Aspergillus heteromorphus, Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp., Fusariumoxysporum,, Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium sp. Trichoderma sp., Mucor, Rhizopus sp.,Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,, Stachybotrys and yeast. Among the isolated species Aspergillusniger, was the most abundant(14.92%)frequency, followed by Aspergillus flavus (10.14%), while less abundant (0.95 & 0.63 %) Cladosporium sp. &, Mucor respectively. Thehigher inhibition zoneof fungal growth was recorded at 8mg/ml concentration of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles which was (3.8cm) in moldsAspergillus niger, Aspergillus. flavus,, & Aspergillus. brasiliensis.

The present study was conducted to find the correlation between the potential effects of Rheum palmatumroot extract against the toxicity of A. fumigatus. 16 male rabbits were used and divided into four groups (each group contain 4 rabbits). Control group; infected group; infected group and treated with (50mg) root extract and infected group and treated with (100mg) root extract. MDA levels in infected rabbits show high significant increased (P < 0.05) compared with normal rabbits GSH and catalase levels in infected rabbits show signifi-cant decreased (P < 0.05) compared with normal rabbits. While, MDA, GSH and catalase le-vels in groups treated with root extract (50mg & 100mg) show non-significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with normal rabbits. It was concluded from this study that the Rheum palma-tumroot extract has potential effects against the toxicity of A. fumigatus

The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of water and alcohol extracts of two medicinal plants, Myrtle and Green Tea, growth inhibiting of two types of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Escherichia coli.And the resistance of bacterial isolates to Tetracyclin antibiotic. The pH of leaves of alias and green tea was measured.Gradient concentrations of each plant extract were used to determine the concentrations in which the bacteria showed their growth, which gave vitalityalmost equal to the control group. The study concluded that:The water extract of Myrtle leaf and green tea was found to be effective in reducing the growth of bacteria at concentrations (10,20, 30) and (10, 15, 20%) compared with the alcoholic extract of both plants which was less effective.The antibiotic showed a clear inhibitory effect on E.coliat concentration (0.1) ml while P. aeruginosashowed clear antibody resistance

The field experimental was conducted during the growth winter season of 2016-2017 at Bo-tanical garden of Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham), and Universityof Baghdad. The experimental aimed to study the effect of different of foliar application (0, 10, 20) mg.L-1 and vitamin C (0, 50, 100, 150) mg.L-1 and interaction of them on some physiological characters of pea (Pisum sativumL.). The results showed that ABA increased the proline and increased the vitamin C content at 10 mg.L-1. The vitamin C increased absolute growth rate (AGR), biomass duration, proline, vitamin C content compared with control plants.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two types ofRicinus communisplant tissue culture extract on two fungal plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans and Fusarium solani. The result showed detected several secondary metabolites component from the plant extracts like Flavonoid, Saponins, Tannins and Glyco-sides; and the high effect of the alcoholic extract of the plant on the fungi with 91.10% and 89.90% respectively, the percentages of inhibition are significantly in-creased by increasing the concentration of the extract

Hand dermatitis is a common dermatosis which a polymorphic inflammatory reaction pattern that involving the skin layers (epidermis and dermis). There are a lot of factors that causing it with clinically wide range of manifestations. It is the most common occupational dermatolog-ical condition. Females areat increasing risk of the hand dermatitis development. Chemical and physical topical agents can be irritants, causing damageto skin cell if applied for adequate time concentration. Thestudy aim is to determine prevalenceand important common factors that affectthehand dermatitis among patients attended Dermatological Outpatient of Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Misan, Iraq.A cross-sectional study including a total number of patients with generalized eczemain the body were 840.The number of the patients had hand eczema were 240. Studywas carried out during the period from 1st of January 2016 to 1st ofNovem-ber 2016. The study was conducted in Dermatology Outpatients Clinic of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital inMisan Governorate. Diagnosis wasmade by dermatologist based on clinical mani-festations.In our study there were certain risk factors affected the patients presented with hand dermatitis were identified. These factors included family history, history of atopy, occupation, marital status, systemic drug intakes other than dermatological use, hand involvement whether unilat-eral or bilateral, gender, it’s relation with age and onset of eczema. The study showed that (17.5%) hadpositive family history of hand dermatitis, (30%)had positive history of atopy and negative drug history had(77.5%). Patients with bilateral hands involvement (82.5% ) and the highestpercentage in female ator olderthan40yearsold(35.48% ).The highestpercentage was among males in the(30-39 and above 40 years) age group with 44.44% for each group. Hand dermatitis more commonin house wife then in building worker and nurse with married females have higherpercentage 74%than non-marriedones 26%. we concluded that handdermatitis prevalence was higher in female patients at age of 20 to 29 years with one third of them had history of atopy, especially in house wives with excessive exposure to daily cleaning topicalchemicals

This work was carried out for four months in the province of Baghdad including many hospitalsin Baghdad during the 1stof November 2016 until 28 February 2017. 120 pregnant women included in the present study ranged in age from 14 -42 years were randomlyselected. Pregnant women were divided into three groups according to the different periods of pregnancy every trimester include 40 pregnant women divided to 20 pregnant women with anemia and 20 without anemia after taking a blood film and hemoglobin as agood adoption indicator for diagnosis of anemia, also, history taken by previously diagnosis and by physical examination. Result of the three trimesters in indicators the blood of pregnant women with or without anemia, showed that the first trimester all of the parameters of indicators the blood (Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC) were decreased in women with anemia compared with women without anemia, also in second and third trimester decreased. However, in second trimester the values of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC decreased in women with anemia on the values of the first trimester. On the other hand a values of indicators the blood in a third trimester less than the second trimester. Indicator of iron (SI, TIBC, TS and SF) for women with anemia in first trimesterwas less than from women without anemia. However, in second trimester the values of SI, TIBC, TS and SF decreased in women with anemia on the values of the first trimester. Father more, the values of indicator of iron in a third trimester less than in thesecond trimester. When comparison in blood parameters (Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC) between 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy women noticed that the all parameters decreased gradually from the first trimesters to second to third trimester. Iron deficiency marked increase was famous in pregnant women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, due to high fetal and placenta growth rates and development of red cell mass mother. Thus anemia affects up to 70% of pregnant women. Blood indicators RBC, RDW, platelet and MPV for all pregnant women in the first trimester was decreased in women with anemia compared with women without anemia in all parameters of this, also in second and third trimester. Furthermore, in second decreased from first, also in third less that from second. White blood cell and their various types (NEU, LYM, Mono, ESO and BASO) were impressed with the pregnant women with anemia in first and second trimesters WBC and NEU% increased but LYM%, Mono%, ESO% and BASO% decreased. However, in the third trimester WBC, NEU% and BASO% decreased but LYM%, Mono%, and EOS% increased. The results of the study found out that the is a clear correlation between anemia in pregnant women and some social factors, such as: occupation, monthly income and maternal education

Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) are resources that hoard by a variety of microorganisms as a nutrient source. It is an environmentally recyclable biopolymer, and totally corrupted biologically to simple molecules. A total of 38 isolates from agricultural wastes, 9 isolates exhibited optimistic outcome (dark blue particles) for PHA accumulation by Sudan black B staining method. Maximum bacterial growth was achieved at temperature 35°C, PH= 7, for 48 hr. incubation and 0.25% concentration of NaCl. Chosen the isolate (NE1MOK) recognized as Bacillus subtiliswhen diagnosed by traditional and molecular methods by amplification 16s rRNA gene. Bacillus subitilishad an ability to accumulate 0.26 g/l (40.625 %) of PHA, and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis, whichexhibited functional groups of PHA as (C-O, C=O, CH2, CH3, C-O-C, C-H and terminal OH).The responsible gene was detected by PCR, and the results of amplification were shown in all isolates with a length of amplicons 505 bp. The aim of this study was to detect more efficient bacterial isolate that produce PHAs from agricultural wastes in optimal conditions, and determining the genes responsible for it

Alternative herbal medicines have been used since hundredsof years in globe in treatment of various kinds of infections that may infect human as well as animals.Medicinal plants, in general, contain phytoconstituents some of whichhavingchemical propertiesresemble to that ofsynthetic antibiotics. Due to this, the aim of this study is to investigatethe antibacterialactivityof the green mango (mangifera indica L.) extract against both Gram-negativebacteria and Gram-positivebacteria. The extractionprocess of the active phytoconstituentsof green mango was done by usinginfusion method. The estimation of antimicrobial activity of green mango extractwas carried out by usingagar well diffusionmethod against two species of gram-positive bacteria and five speciesgram-negative bacteria usingthreeconcentrationsthat are5%, 10%and 50% of the extract.The5%concentration of the extracthas showed2 mmdiameter inhibition zoneagainst bothProteusandSalmonella, 5mm diameterinhibition zone againstPseudomonas, 7mm diameteragainst bothKlebsiellaand Staphylococcus, and 11, 12 mm diameterinhibition zone against E.coliandStreptococcusrespectively. The 50% concentration of extract has showed 14 mm diameter againstProteus, 19, 20, 20mm diameter against Salomella, Klebsiellaand Staphylococcusrespectively, 22, 23mm diameter againstE.coliandPseudomonasrespectively and 26 mm diameter against Streptococcus. Lastly, the 10 % concentration of extract has showed a result rangedbetween the 5% concentration and 50% concentration.

In the present work, a various new derivatives of 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one have been synthesized starting from reaction of thiosemicarbazide with two substituted aromatic aldehydes (4-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde)to afford shiff,s bases(1a,b) which suffering from intermolecular cyclization when treating with ethylchloroacetate to give compound (2a, b), reaction of compound (2a, b) with4-bromobenzaldehyde produce compounds (3a, b), which is award six member ring product (compound 4a, b) when react with ethylacetoacetate. After a series of reactions with different reagents compound (4a,b) converted to anther compounds by reaction with hydrazine,aldehyde and then with chloroacetylchloride bearingβ-Lactam moiety. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of FT-IR and some of them by 1H-NMR. All of the prepared compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity against E.coli,P. mirabilis, and Staphylococcusand some of these compounds give good results

Obesity is a hyper assembly of energy in the form of adipose tissues whichhas worse effects on health. The major factors of obesity epidemic are : heavy mails which are rich in lipids, carbohydrates resulting in over weight and eventually obesity, decreasein physical activity that lead to defect in calories conception. In health care facilities ferritin assay is used as a screening test to detect iron deficiency; however, its reliability in obesity has been questioned.The aim of present study was to assess and compare the incidence of obesity,hyperfer-ritinemia, hyperlipidemia and hypouricemia among middle aged hypertensive patients in the local setting as well as, examined ferritin concentrations and other classical indices in obese males and females .This limited population study was conducted at Obesity MedicalCenter atAl-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq from January to march 2016. One hindered and eight patients were enrolled in this study plus to participate of 61 subjects as healthy control. On the basis of body mass index (BMI), 169 participants weredivided into two groups: BMI ≥ 18.5–25 kg/m2 non obese (control), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 obese subjects.The main demographic features data of the study population appears that, systolic blood pressure anddiastolic blood pressure were raised significantly in obese patients (P<0.05) compared with control. Serum hemoglobin level was decreased significantly in obese male when compared with the non-obese group and no difference in female group was observed. In addition, the levels of lipid profile and other studied parameters according to gender showed the following results: A sig-nificant elevation in TG, LDL, VLDL, glucose, ferritin in obese (for both genders) compared with thenon-obese group. While a significant decrease was noticed in HDL-c, uric acid and urea level in obsess group compared with the non-obese group in both genders. The compari-son results between obese males and females concluded that a significant elevation in BMI with asignificant decreasein VLDL and ferritin levels in obese females comparedwith obese males. Present study includes examined all types of correlation between parameters .In obese patients (n=108), stepwise linear regression analysis showed that, serum ferritin levels were independently correlated with LDL, VLDLlevels and age, (P< 0.001).

Nanomaterial can interact with biological systems in different way, using their surface functionalities and depending on the particle size, shape, and aggregation.The present work aims to characterize the binding of tiopronin gold nanoparticles with extracted DNA from blood patients with rheumatoid arthritis kinetically and thermodynamically. A total of 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical Citywere included in this study. Tiopronin monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles) were prepared by chemical methods and a partial purification of DNA extracted was preceded using negative ions exchange column chromatography. Characterization of Tio Au NPs binding with DNA was investigated by using TEM,SEM,FTIR,EDX, and UV-VIStechniques.The results indicated that the average size of Tio Au NPs was 48nm.,and there is a different binding affinity of DNA to tiopronin gold nanoparticles depending on pH. Also the melting temperature of DNA was decreased 5C0 when binding with tiopronin gold nanoparticles. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the reaction was endothermic, less order, and non-spontaneous

Group of benzimidazolederivatives are considered as an important class of compounds; they are present in a major of products with broad spectrum in industrial and biological activities. Several of derivatives that have been efficiently synthesized for -1H-benzo[d]imidazole as starting material to Synthesis of some new Schiff bases ,2-azetidinone and 4-thiazolidinone derivatives .The structures were characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR spectra. All The synthe-sized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities againsttwo (gram +ve) and (gram -ve) kind of bacteria s well as fungi using the micro dilution procedure and compared with amoxicillin activity

Data mining techniques becomes very useful for all areas, Which gives impressive results and accurate. It is can be works with huge data and variance type’sdata. The intrusion detection system (IDS) has huge numbers of alerts without classify and almost alerts be false positive. In this paper, we proposed a new miner module to generating Itemsetsof IDS alerts by using FP-Growth Algorithm Improvement, which it is produce from compactFp growth algorithmwith Apriori algorithm. Thisnew module contains three phases:Compute support, Resort, and Generating K-Itemsets. Itis appliedon Darpa 1999 datasets to generating Alerts sets based on IDS Snort. The obtain result was very useful because it is make the alerts ready to classify

In this paper the continuous classical boundary optimal problem of a couple linear partial dif-ferential equations of parabolic type is studied, The Galerkinmethod is used to prove the ex-istence and uniqueness theorem of the state vector solution of a couple linear parabolic partial differential equations for given (fixed) continuous classical boundary control vector. The proof of the existence theorem of a continuous classical optimal boundary control vector asso-ciated with the couple linear parabolic is given. The Frechet derivative is derived; finally we give a proof of the necessary conditions for optimality (boundary control) of the above prob-lem

A modified spectral methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems based on the formulae are derived which are given in [4, 5]. The proposed methods satisfied the descent condition. Moreover, we prove that the new spectral methods are globally convergent. The Numerical results show that the proposed methods effective by comparing withthe FR-meth-od

The nonlinear conjugate gradient methodis widely used to solveunconstrained optimization problems. In this paper the development of different versions of nonlinear conjugate gradient methods withglobal convergence properties proved. Numerical results indicated that the proposed method isvery efficient

The aim of thisresearch is to classify certain geometric structures, called arcs. The main com-puting tool is the Computer algebra system GAP. In the plane ????????(2,16),animportant arcs are called complete when they can't be increasedto a larger arc. So far, all arcs up to size eighteen have been classified. Each of these arcs gives rise to an error-correcting code that corrects the maximum possible number of errors for its length

Properties of ZnO and ZnO:B deposited at 723K on glass substrates by chemical spray pyrol-ysis (CSP) with thickness (150±5 nm) as a gas sensor for vapor ethanol and CO gases are studied. The structure of ZnO:B films has been found to exhibit the hexagonal wurtzite struc-ture.The increase of boron concentration caused to decrease the grain size. The structural de-tails were obtained from X-ray diffraction. The surface morphology of the films was studied by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the Transmission electron microsco-py (TEM). Sensitivity of the films is increasing with the increase of boron concentration and substrate temperature

The Barkas effect happen because of target electrons due to responding to the approaching particle and slightly changing the orbits before occur from interaction of energy loss (denominate target polarization). At high energies (above 20????0≈10????????V????)⁄insignificant because the ion moving too fast to cause initial motion the target electrons where at low energies ≪1MeVu⁄the Barkas effect is investigated.

The purpose of the present paper is to study the effect of doping by different materials on the structure and the optical properties of Cadmium Telluride films which prepared by rate deposi-tion (4.21 nmn/sec) and thickness (≈ 200 nm) in vacuum by use thermal evaporation technique at a substrate temperature (300K), we are studying the effect of doping by different material (Antimony, Aluminum and Silver) on the structural1and optical2properties of CdTe thin films.Thestructural properties of these films have been studied by using X-ray diffraction methods. The optical measurements indicated that Cadmium Telluride films have a direct opti-cal energy gap (Egopt), and it decreases when we doped this films by different materials (Sb, Al and Ag) with the same ratio doping. The optical constants refractive index (n), extinction coef-ficient (k), absorption coefficient (α) and dielectric constants (rand i) were also studied

Pure and Nickel oxide doped chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticals are synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The effect of dopant Ni concentration on the structural behavior of Cr2O3nanoparticles was examined by X-ray diffraction. The average crystallite size of the synthesized nanoparticles was measured from XRD patterns using Scherrer equation and was decreased from 22nm to 12.9 nm with the increasing Nio concentration in Cr2O3from (0, 0.01, 0.06, and 0.10). Morphologies and compositional elements of the synthesized nanoparti-cles were observed by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. The optical property of the samples was measured by ultraviolet -visible (UV-Vis.) absorption spectroscopy. The observed optical band gap value ranges from 2.3eV to 2.5eV for Ni doped nanoparticles

In this work, we were calculate the electron diffusion coefficients, such as, the drift velocity, characteristic energy, and collision frequencies using the cross sections of the momentum transfer and inelastic for electrons in CO2from figure(1) after solving the Boltzmann transport equation numerically using the Finite-Difference Method in gas medium through applied electric field at 300 oK.The theoretical predictions were obtained in agreement with the experimental values was publishered

In this work, fabrication of silver nanostructures with different morphologies has been grown on anodic aluminum oxide templates that anodized in three different acid electrolytes. Photo-reduction method used to deposit these nanostructures under novel UV irradiation (366 nm) technique. FESEM results prove formation of Ag nanostructures depending on shape of and diameter of pores. This simple and environmentally safe method open new fields to use Ag structures with controllable and nanosize dimensions in several applications

We present a flexible sandwich piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs) device with gold-coated ZnO nanorods (Au@ ZNRs) as an efficient top electrode; this device was used tohar-vest energy from the human walking motion. ZNRs were synthesised on the two-piece of ZnO seed layer coated gold/flexible polyethylene terephthalate (Au/PET) substrates through a sim-ple hydrothermal method of low temperature and low cost at molar concentration (0.01M). X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the as-grown ZNRs have high crystallinityand apparent vertical growth with hexagonal shapes, the average diameter of NRs is 120 nm. Flexible sandwich PENGs based ZNRs was fabricated with gold-coated one piece of ZNRs by DC-sputtering method as an efficient top electrode, which was placed on the uncoated ZNRs as-grown on another piece of substrate. The maxi-mum output potential voltage (Vmax) under a periodic of pressing and releasing of human walking is 5.76 V. The results confirmed the top efficient electrode has created more contact area with uncoated NR when it is pressed, which increases the transfer efficiency effectively of piezoelectric potential that generated from uncoated ZNRs.

Blurring image caused by a number of factors such as defocus, motion, and limited sensor resolution. Most of existing blind deconvolution research concentrates at recovering a single blurring kernel for the entire image. We proposed adaptive blind-non reference image quality assessment method for estimation the blur function (i.e. point spread function PSF) from the image acquired under low-lighting conditions and defocus images using Bayesian Blind De-convolution. It is based on predicting a sharp version of a blurry inter image and uses the two images to solve a PSF. The estimation down by trial and error experimentation, until an ac-ceptable restored image quality is obtained. Assessments the qualities of images have done through the applications of a set of quality metrics. Our method is fast and produces accurate results.

Surface plasmonresonance (SPR) based fiber optic sensor with three types of bilayer configurations (silver/gold, copper/gold, and aluminum/gold) is theoretically analyzed. Performance parameters like sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, figure of merit, and resolution are evaluated for each configuration. Signal to noise ratio (SNR), and figure of merit (FOM) are enhanced very well for the selected bilayer configurations as the outer gold layer thickness increased, the sensitivity enhanced also but with small frictions while the resolution has decreased slightly

ZnO nanopowder was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal technique using zinc acetate and Triethanolamine (TEA) as surfactant agents. The resultant powder was annealed at 140 ᵒC for 12 hours. The as –synthesized ZnO nanopowder was then mixed with AgNO3to prepare ZnO-Ag nanocomposites. The structural, morphological, and optical properties werecharacterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The results confirm that Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been covered the ZnO hexagonal NPs, and show the redshift with the peak centered at 334 nm, because the interfacial electron coupling between ZnO and Ag NPs, the surface Plasmon peak centered at 403 nm was detected along with the excitonic peak of ZnO confirming the formation of ZnO-Ag nanocomposite. The antibacterial effect of ZnO -Ag nanocomposites was studied for Gram-negative (E.coli) and Gram–positive (Staphylococcus aureus), which showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone of pathogenic bacteria about 15 mm for E.coli and did not show any activity for Staphylococcus aureus