Journal of Physical Education

The research aims to build criteria in order to achieve an increase in demand among the elderly 60+ years old to start implementing a strength training program. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research sample was (288) of specialists in medicine, care, health and sports training for the elderly, (35) Specialty Doctors (Elderly and Geriatric), (193) of university professors in the field of health and sports training, (60) of workers in sports training for the elderly, the data collection tool is A list of criteria prepared by the researcher. It includes a proposed plan to develop the tendency and desire of the elderly to start implementing a strength training program. The list of criteria included seven axes (creating change, health preparation for training, level of physical and psychological fitness, objectives of the strength training program, visual perception, safety and security requirements in training , specifications of the strength training program), and the researcher used factor analysis to determine the axes and phrases of the list of criteria, and one of the most important results of the research is to extract a list of the proposed criteria to increase the demand among the elderly to participate in strength training programs, which included (7) axes, and (90) statements

the study aimed to manufacture a tool to learn the forehand and backhand stroke in tennis and recognize its effect on learning the two skills, the researcher assumed that were significant differences between the post-test between the experimental and control group. The researchers used the experimental approach in the style of experimental and control groups. The subject was (16) players of beginner’s trainees aged (10-15) at Al-Jadriya Tennis Academy. The subject was distributed randomly into two equal groups of (6) players in each one, in addition to (4) players who were excluded because they didn’t adhere to the training. The researchers concluded that using the tool contributed to learning the forehand and backhand stroke and the varied and continuous repetition of the exercises by using the tool increased the players' motivation toward better development in skill performance

Diabetes is a common disease in the moment. Doctors often are often advised to have physical activities yet, there is no continuity due to boredom from physicalexercises of a classic nature. Researchers suggested to use a special type of exercise represented by Tai Po exercises by using the experimental approach for a subject of fitness participants, (6) participants with type one diabetes, they applied Tai Po exercises for a (13) weeks, The results showed a moral improvement in the variables under consideration of sugar, cumulative sugar, mass and body mass index, as well as the heart's health status

The importance of research lies in studying the movement of arms and the kick of legs by noticing their impact on performance between a swimmer and another. The problem of research has evolved in the differences between the level of development of Iraqi and the Arab level in general swimming and especially in butterfly swimming, it still does not keep pace with the level of digital achievement. The study aimed to analysesbutterfly swimming in relation to the achievement of (50) m in order to reach positiveresults that could contribute to breaking Iraq's figures in the future. The researchers used the descriptive approach in a comparative manner. The subject of the research consisted of (3) swimmers from the category of applicants from Iraq's national team.They were tested by performing a butterfly 50-metre race for each individual swimmer, excluding the starting distance of 15 meters and applied the distance of 30 metersas the actual performance of the butterfly swimming technique, The researchers recommended paying attention to how the arms movements and the kick of the legs in the butterfly swimming technique, therefore, to their active influence as driving forces for swimming at various swimming events. The world figures are constantly evolving. The fewseconds of professional performance can be the main role of winning competitions and making similar research to reduce race performance time and break Iraqi records

The importance of research in highlighting the comprehensive quality management of school sports activities in the directorates of the Ministry of Education and its relationship with the organizational system in the establishment of school sports activities as well as the availability of a suitable situation for sports education teachers by applying the principles of comprehensive quality. The research aimed to identify the relationship between the comprehensive quality and the organizational systemof school sports activities in the directorates of education in Baghdad. The descriptive curriculum was used in surveying and associative relationships. The research was applied on the subject of(480) teachers of physical education about (22.92%) ofthe total research community of 2,094) distributed to six education directorates in Baghdad governorate, of which 300 were teachers to measure a GQM and 180 were teachers to apply a GQM and organizational system to extract the relationship between the two measurements The comprehensive quality scale prepared by the researchers was used and is finalized from (41) parts divided into (8) fields. The scientific bases of the scale were made from a distinctive, truthful, consistent and objective capacity, in addition to the organizational system scale from (64) parts divided into (7) fields. The researchers concluded that whenever comprehensive quality was applied and the availability of an organizational system for the establishment of school sports activities. The researchers recommend that attention be paid to the comprehensive quality management by the higher management of the Ministry of Education and the Department of Sports Education and School Activity and focus on the development of the organizational system within schools which is the factor to organize the school sports activities

The research aimed at standardizing scouting self –esteem and identifying the relationship between scouting self –esteem and some fundamental skills of wooden badge scout leaders in Iraq. The problem of the research was in the lack of studies that evaluate wooden badge scout leaders to improve their level. The researchers used the descriptive method on (93) leaders. The scale included three major fields; cognitive, administrative andpsychological from each seven subcategories are also measured like entrepreneurship, learning by doing within the cognitive field, planning and leadership within administrative field and motivation, emotional stability, intelligence within the psychological field. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that the scale is applicable on wooden badge scouting leaders in Iraq to diagnose strengths and weakness as well as using this scale for measuring and evaluating leaders’ performance and designing teaching and training programs that develop field performance of wooden badge scouting leaders

The importance of the research lies in specifying the percentage of biomechanical limitation during acceleration phase in 110 hurdles for advance hurdlers. The researchers noticed that achievement is not good thus the research aimed at identifying the relationship between biomechanical limitations and 110 m running during acceleration phase as well as identifying percentage of these limitations on achievement. The researcher used the descriptive method on (8) hurdlers then finally they recommended the necessity of paying attention to physical training and developing physical abilities that this event require as well as selecting hurdlers according to anthropometric measurements. The researchers recommended making similar studies on other variables and making sure coaches during hurdlers training to develop achievement.

The research aimed at identifying the most important teaching skills in physical educators during application in high schools from the teaching faculty’s point of view. The researcher used the descriptive methods as well as teaching skills measurements standardized to suit Iraqi environment. The subjects were (100) members of faculty and the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude (13) teaching skills that are most important during application. Finally,the researcher stressed the necessity of using modern technology in teaching students sport activities through videos as well as constructing cognitive measurement for laws of the sport

The research aimed at designing compound physical and skill exercises as well as identifying their effect on the development of explosive strength and some offensive skills in basketball players U18. The researchers used the experimentalprogram with one group but two tests; pretests and posttests. The subjects are (12) players from the national center for gifted in basketball. The program was applied for (8) weeks to conclude that compound exercises are effective in developing legsand arms explosive strength as well as developing skill leading to development in offensive skill. The researchers recommended using scientific bases for designing training programs while stressing rest periods due to their effect developing physical traits including explosive power

The research aimed at designing teaching program using jigsaw in learning spiking in volleyball as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on learning spring in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method on (25) students as experimental group and (27) students as controlling group and (15) students as pilot study group. The researchers conducted spiking tests then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the strategy have a positive effect in experimental group. Finally, the researchers recommended using the strategy in making similar studies on other subjects and skills

The research aimed at identifying the effect of revers classroom strategy on learning some offensive skills in basketball for students as well as comparing this strategy with the traditional style in learning some offensive skills in basketball. The researchers used the experimental program on (36) sophomore college of physical education and sport sciences students/ university of Dihok 2021-2022. The subjects were dividinginto two equal groups and the experimental group followed a 12-teachingsession program for (6) weeks. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that there are significant differences (0.05) in learning dribbling with changing direction in favor of the experimental group

The research aimed at deigning compound exercises for non –dominant arm on the development of scoring accuracy in handball players aged (15 –17 years old as well as identifying their effect on the players. The researchers used the experimental method on (17) players aged 15 –17 years old. The data was collected using SPSS to conclude that compound exercises have a significant effecton the development of scoring accuracy on handball players aged (15 –17 years old. Finally,the researchers recommended dedicating time for skillexercises for non-dominant arms as well as using these exercises for developing scoring in handball players aged (15 –17)years old

The research aimed at using academic achievement scale and identifying the effect of academic achievement level and learning some fundamental skills in fencing for third year college students. The researchers used the descriptive method on (30) third year college of physical education and sport sciences college students/ university of Baghdad. The researchers used academic achievement scaledesigned by Al Tai 2011 and three judges were consulted with total academic achievement score (25). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that there is a significant relationbetween academic achievement and some fundamental skills in fencing and scientific knowledge contribute in lifting the level of fundamental skills performance in fencing

The research aimed at designing a device that simulate blocking in volleyball as well as designing special exercises using the designed device for developing visual accuracy in spiking in volleyball for youth players. The researchers used the experimental method on Al Senaa club players aged (15 –17 years old. Visual accuracy was tested during spiking and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that using special exercises with the device have a significant effect on the experimental group to improve visual accuracy of spiking. In addition to that, the researchers conclude that using special exercises have a significant role in achieving individual differences between the two groups in posttests in favor of the experimental group

The research aimed at designing explosive strength exercises that is important in scoring in wheelchair basketball as well as identifying the use of these exercises on improving wheelchair basketball. The researchers used the experimental method on (12) wheelchair basketball players who participated in Asian championship. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that explosive strength have a significant effect on scoring performance. Finally, the researcher recommended that coaches and teachers should use explosive strength exercise to develop scoring performance in wheelchair basketball players

The research aimedto prepare training units of varying intensity for handball goalkeepers, and to identify their impact on some of the motor abilities of handball goalkeepers. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing one group with a pre and post-test. The research subject was, (12) goalkeepers from Baghdad clubs (Aljaish, Alshorta and Alhashed). The data processed statistically by(SPSS). The researchers concluded that the used training units and their variability in terms of times and stress had a significant impact on the development of agility motor abilities, reaction speed and compatibility, and an emphasis on diversity in preparing exercises for goalkeepers to reach ideal performance.

The research aimed to identify the impact of mental training in developing the accuracy of straight punches among young boxing players. The research problem lies in the fact that some of the trainers do not have information about the importance and effectiveness of mental training, as well as their curricula and training units lack mental visualization exercises. The researchers used the experimental approach by designing one group with a pre and post-test. The subject was (10) young boxers at the ages of (14-15) years. the researchers concluded that mental imagery leads to the fixation of the skill through mental retrieval.

Thestudy aimed to recognize the forgiveness level among athletically gifted the study sample consisted of (105) students, at the Directorate of Education in of Al koura District, who were intentional chosen? The analytical descriptive method was adopted, as also the forgiveness scale prepared by Rye et al (2001), was applied on the study sample, the study results indicated the following :The forgiveness level among the athletically gifted studentswas high.there were statisticallysignificant differences (α≥0.05) not appropriate word to the effect of gender in the total degree of forgiveness scale and the differences were in favor of males.there were statistically significant differences (α≥0.05) not appropriate word to the effect of game type in the totaldegree of forgiveness scale and the differences were in favor of team games

The current study seeks to discover the following: The effect of a competitive learning team style with homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, as well as the method used in the pre and post skill achievement of some typesof handball shooting. The effect of using a competitive learning team style with homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, as well as the method used in dimensional handball achievement. The effect of using a competitive learning team style with homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, as well as the method, on psychological attitudes toward handball.In light of the objectives, the researchers developed a set of hypotheses, and the experimental method was used for the two experimental groups and the control group due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem. The research sample consisted of (45) students from the second stage (College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -University of Duhok) for the academic year 2019-2020, who were randomly assigned to three equal groups of (15) students each, with parity maintained between the research groups. Investigate the three fundamental variables (age, height, and weight) as well as some aspects of physical fitness andmobility. The first experimental group studied using the homogeneous group learning method, while the second group used the heterogeneous group learning method, and the control group used the adopted method .The educational curriculum was implemented over a period of four weeks and wasdivided into (8) educational units for each of the research groups, with each unit lasting (90) minutes. To a number of conclusions, including: The method employed, as well as the two styles of competitive learning teams comprised of homogeneous and heterogeneous groups, had a positive impact on the learning of some types of handball shooting. The first experimental group outperformed the second group, which used the learning method with homogeneous groups. The competitive group, which included a variety of groups, and the control group, which used the traditional method to learn some types of shooting and the handball trend