Journal of Physical Education

Through the researchers’ observation of volleyball players’ motor response training specially that of Al Jaish Sport Club, they found that most trainings were traditional and do not depend on modern updated equipment. The aim of this research was to design an apparatus for developing motor response in volleyball players. The subjects were (7) volleyball players from Al Jaish sport club and after applying a group of exercises the results showed that using the proposed apparatus have a positive effect on developing motor response speed in the subject understudy.

The study aimed at constructing and standardizing effective administration for the Iraqi
basketball federation from employees point of view. The researchers used the descriptive
method on (424) administrative bureau members, (54) sub federations members as well as
(10) certified national league coaches making total of (547). The pilot study and the data was
collected to conclude (5) standard levels of the scale. Finally the researchers recommended
using these scores and levels for measurement.

The research aimed at identifying the differences between pre and posttest in controlling and
experimental groups as well as identifying the differences between both groups in posttests of
circle skill and identifying the rule of the mushroom in learning the skill understudy. The
researchers used the experimental method on (8) gymnasts aged (6 – 8) years old from
Baghdad/ AL Rusafa divided into two equal groups. The researchers designed and made
mechanical mushroom to teach circle skill in artistic gymnastics. The results showed that the
mechanical mushroom have significant effect on earning circle skill in artistic gymnastics

The orientation process done by coaches and academicians in swimmers’ selection was based on apparent indicators and some body and physical indicators. Yet the development in genetic studies and applying it on each swimmer will be more accurate. The researchers aimed at studying the athlete’s genes, performance genes based on genetic studies so as to compare among the three versions of the gene and matching it to the corresponding physical abilities. This study sheds the light on swimmers’ orientation and selection through comparing genes a matter that can help specify what is suitable for 30m freestyle swimmers.

The study aimed to identifythe level of health and nutritional awareness among students of the faculties of physical education (Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Jadiriyah Complex, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls / Al-Waziriyah, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Farahidi National University), in addition to identifying the differences in the level of awareness To achieve this, the study was conducted on 150 male and female students, 50 male and female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Al-Jadriya Complex), 50 female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls (Al-Waziriya), and 50 male students A student from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al Farahidi National University, where the sample was randomly selected and a questionnaire was distributed to measure health and nutritional awareness, which consisted of 31 items. After data collection and statistical processing, the results showed a difference in the arithmetic mean of the sample from the hypothetical mean of the health and nutritional awareness scale, where The level of awareness was good, and there were significant statistically significant differences according to the sex variable in favor of males, and no significant differences appeared. According to the educational stage variable and the economic level, and in light of this study, I recommend paying attention to spreading health and nutritional culture among the segments of society through modern means and satellite channels, as well as urging the introduction of health and nutritional awareness within the school curricula and refraining from consuming ready food and soft drinks and replacing them with fresh food and fruits, especially in Nowadays, the trend has become to eat fast foods, especially among university students

The research aimed at constructing quality performance scale for physical education and scouting activities departments in Baghdad general education directories of education from physical educators’ point of view as well as identifying the level of performance quality of physical education and scouting activities departments in Baghdad general education directories. The problem of the research lies in answering the following questions: what is the current level of physical education and scouting department performance quality in Baghdad general directorates of education from physical educators’ point of view? What are the main reason that helped positive or negative performance? Is quality performance evaluation effective for identifying this performance andits level? The researchers used the descriptive method on (472) secondary school physical educators and the subjects were (317) that were divided into pilot study, construction and application subjects. The researchers proposed (22) item for measurement and the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions and recommendations

The aim of the research is to document Iraqi Paralympic participations in IPC athletics from 1990 –2017. The problem of the research lies in archives destruction in 2003 especially in athletics for the physically disabled thus all history is destroyed andit was necessary to document this history again. The researchers used the historical method to record the sports history and the subjects were physically disabled national league athletic participations from 1990 till 2019. The researchers concluded that all undocumented participation details in IPC from 1990 till 2017 were documented. Finally they recommended paying attention to documenting Iraqi international participations on regular bases through special records and should be saves in the central Iraqifederation of athletics.

The research aimed at specifying distance and ratio of resistance for special strength endurance in 1500m youth running. The researchers used the descriptive method on (30) youth runners from the national center for gifted in Athletics. Three tests were specified and a pilot study was applied to come up with the conclusions and recommended generalizing the distances and ratios specified to test and train special strength endurance for 1500m youth running as well as using these tests for special strength endurance for continuous evaluation of runners and for runner’s selections.

The research aim at constructing and standardizing compound tests (skill –physical) according to phosphate energy system for national center for gifted in handball players aged (15 –17) years old. The researchers used the descriptive method on (60) handball players from then national center for gifted in handball. Four tests were selected and a pilot study was conducted followed by the tests and the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that compound tests give realistic evaluation for handball performance. Finally the researcher recommended using these tests on regular bases for players’ selection as well as making other tests on other abilities and skills.

The research aimed at identifying the relation between motivation and self –confidence on the performing routines in parallel bar. The researchers used the descriptive method on (480) thirds year college of physical education and sport sciences/ university of Baghdad students. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that there is a high correlation relationship between motivation and self-confidence with routine performance on parallel bars. In addition to that, the researchers concluded that third year students have high motivation and self –confidence and there is a positive relation between motivation, self-confidence and routine performance on parallel bars.

The problem of the research lies in special motor abilities training programs like balance that positively affect coordination between the nerves system and muscles. These training programs did not get enough attention by athletes especially young athletes; there training was restricted to physical abilities like strength, speed and endurance instead. The research aimed at designing an apparatus for developingathletes’ balance in national centers for gifted/ ministry of youth and sport so as to provide a measurement for coached in this field. The results showed that the designed apparatus have a positive effect on developing the subjects’ balance in boxing and basketball athletes

The research aimed at identifying the reality of electronic marketing in elite athletes. The
researchers used the descriptive method on (193) athletes from different sports; individual
and team. Direct questions and electronic marketing scale was applied to conclude that
athletic shows comes first in most bought goods. The results showed that there is a difference
between direct and electron shopping in favor of direct shopping. In addition to that, the
results showed that sport federations do not provide athletes with proper apparels and
equipment thus placing financial burdens on the athlete. Finally the researchers concluded
that language was not a barrier in electronic shopping, lack of safety and trust was the main
barriers for athletes in electronic shopping.

The importance of the research lies in studying the effect of applying exercises using laser sensor device on the development of time and accuracy in interpassing for young soccer players. The problem of the research lies in interpassing weakness. The research aimed at designing an apparatus for training players as well as preparing exercises. The researcher used the experimental method on 20 palyers. After two pilot studies the training program began for (10) weeks with 3 training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the apparatus designed by the researcher as well as the exercises were very effective.

The research aimed at using incline mat to identify its effect on learning forward straddle
roll. The researchers hypothesized significant differences between pre and posttests in
learning forward straddle roll. They used the experimental method on (34) sophomores from
the college of physical education and sport sciences / university of Baghdad. The data was
collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that training aids have
positive effects on learning forward straddle roll

The importance of the research lies in transitional leadership as a new topic in sport
administration and especially in Iraqi national Olympic federations. The researchers
constructed a scale for measuring transitional administration in Olympic federation members
from administrative members’’ point of view. The scale consisted of (8) fields and distributed
on (73) items. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to
conclude that Olympic federations’ members have many standards levels while general
bureau members gained intermediate level in transitional leadership scale

The research aimed at using Xtra – Man apparatus on advance basketball players, designing
a test for motor response speed, preparing Xtra – man apparatus exercises for advance
basketball players and identifying the effect of these exercises using Xrat – Man apparatus on
developing motor response speed in advance basketball players. The researchers used the
experimental method on (12) advance basketball players from Al Adhamia club. After
applying the training program the data was collected and treated using proper statistical
operations to conclude that special exercises using Xtra – Man have a significant effect on the
development of motor response speed in advance basketball players

The current research identified some forms of 10m acceleration and comparing three forms of
launching speed for female futsal players. The researcher designed and standardized three
special forms test. The research aimed at designing and standardizing a test for acceleration
in 10m to specify acceleration at 10m distance in three forms and comparing between tests
results of the three forms. The researcher used the descriptive method on (70) female Iraqi
national league futsal players who took the three first positions in league rankings. After
applying the test the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to
conclude the importance of training players on launch speed for short distance in game – like
situations.

Physical fitness is a major factor affecting firefighters’ ability to perform under harsh
circumstances. This study aimed to investigate the importance of considering a physical
fitness program for firefighters and determine whether such a program should be mandated
to create a safe and efficient work environment. A survey was conducted to observe the
existing fitness program impacts on firefighters’ fitness level, their satisfaction with the
program, and their opinion upon mandating the program. The study shown that firefighters’
fitness levels differed significantly depending on whether the firefighters were subjected to a
fitness program or not. The majority (73%) of the respondents support mandating a physical
fitness program and encouraged such a program to be included in a school degree plan.
However, more than half of the participants (57%), evaluated their fitness program as
inaccurate. Hence, fitness program components must be thoroughly structured to enhance the
program competency. Recommendations from the respondents were focused on facilitating
Civil Defense Centers with gyms, proper gymnastic equipment, and professional trainers