Journal of Physical Education

Developing referees’ artistic performance inside the field depends on many physical, administrative, psychological, and cognitive aspects. Because of the political and social conditions that sports communities, in general, suffer from and the Iraqi sports community in particular there is a great need to direct more attention to psychological aspects. It became necessary to develop due to the situations that the referee face and solve a matter that will improve their performance. The importance of the research lies in designing a counseling program for improving psychological resilience for soccer referees according to scientific styles that will help them overcome most mistakes and achieve better levels of performance. This the research aim at identifying the effect of counseling program on psychological resilience level in first-class soccer referees.

The research aimed at designing an electronic apparatus for developing forms of attention in young boxers as well as designing exercises for this apparatus for developing types of attention. In addition to that, it aims at identifying the effects of these standardized exercises using the designed apparatus on the development of attention in young boxers. The researchers used the experimental method on young boxers aged (13 – 16) years from the national center for gifted in boxing/ ministry of youth and sports. The apparatus was designed for developing attention and it was applied along with the proposed mental imagery exercises to develop attention. The program lasted for (12) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. The researchers concluded that attention was developed in young boxers and mental imagery exercises are very important for developing performance.

The research aimed at comparing some physical fitness components (stamina, explosive strength, transitional speed, agility, etc) in players applying for the national center of gifted in taekwondo, wrestling, and boxing aged (10 – 15) years old. The researcher used the descriptive method on (107) divided (26) for taekwondo, (43) for wrestling, (34) for boxing. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that players applying for taekwondo, wrestling and judo had no significant differences. On the other hand, there are significant differences in stamina, transitional speed, and explosive strength. In general, athletes applying for boxing surpassed other athletes in all physical abilities.

The importance of the research lies in studying the direct effect of competition effort on the level of vital capacity level in young soccer players since it is one of the important physiological indicators that the coach should monitor. The problem of the research lies in identifying the direct effect of vital capacity in young soccer players. The research aimed at identifying the effect of competition effort on vital capacity in young soccer players. The researchers hypothesized the effect of competition effort on a vital capacity level in soccer players and differences between pre and post-tests in the subjects of the research. The researchers used the deceptive method on (62) young soccer players to conclude that competition effort has a great effect on the vital capacity of young soccer players. Finally, they recommended young soccer players as well as making studies to identify competition effort on other organs and other age groups. In addition to that, the researchers recommended making studies on other team sports on other respiratory system variables in young players as well as other age groups.

The importance of the research lies in decision making in administration especially in sports and Iraqi national federations. The problem of the research lies in hasty decisions that leads to confusion in work a matter that affect the development of work. The research aimed at building and standardizing a scale for national Olympic federations’ decision making from the personal’s point of view. The researcher used the descriptive method on (163) coaches of national Olympic federations for the season (2020 –2021). Building subjects were (100) coach then (40) coaches of (2019 –2020) were used a subjects. Finally the researchers recommended designing and standardizing a scale for national Olympic federation leadership decision making from personal point of view

The importance of the research lies in physical fitness as an important component in soccer and the problem of the research lies in differences in training programs from one place to another and not benefiting from great countries experiences. The researchaimed at making comparative study on the effect of a training program used for certain period of time as well as identifying differences between pre and posttests. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical difference in test results in favor ofposttests. The researcher used the experimental method for 45 days on Russian players aged (14-15) years old. The researcher concluded significant statistical differences in posttests.

The research aimed at designing occupational satisfaction scale in secondary school physical educators in Al Rasafa education directorate as well as identifying the level of occupational satisfaction in secondary school physical educators. The researcher used the descriptive method on (433) physicaleducators on pilot study, adaptation, application. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that occupational satisfaction scale was easy to apply and understand by physical educators. Finally the researchers recommended providing a healthy environment for physical educators in schools to encourage creativity and making similar studies on other subjects and other grades.

The importance of the research lies in globalization that affected all aspects of life including sports. The research aimed at building sport globalization scale as well as identifying sport globalization. The researchers used the descriptive on (373) members representing (25) Olympic federation and (22) non-Olympic federation. The data was collected and treated to conclude a sport globalization scale that can be applied to the subjects in addition to that, there are positive and negative effects of sport globalization on the sports community. The researchers recommended the necessity of using the sport globalization scale, holding developmental courses, benefiting from the advantages of globalization, and making similar studies on other subjects.

Crises are unpleasant and leads to great loses in physical activities. These crises are without doubt major obstacle in the way of improving these activities thus these crises should be faced and administrated. The research aimed at constructing a scale for crises administration and concluding standard levelsand degrees. The researchers used the descriptive method on (1304) physical educators in Baghdad bureaus and the subjects were (749). The data was collected and treated to conclude a scale for crises administration and the possibility of applying this scale on the subjects. Finally the researchers recommended the necessity of using crises administration scale as well as making similar studies on other subjects.

The research aimed at identifying the reality of crises management in central administrative bureau in governorates swimming federation from the administrative bureaus’ point of view as well as first class referees. The problem of the research lies in answering whether the central or regional administrative bureaus of Iraqi swimming federation are able to administer crises that they face. The researchers used the descriptive method on 85 member and referee who represent Iraqi central swimming federation as well as regional federation. The subjects were (80) membersand referees. A scale was designed for crises administrations that was applied on the subject. The data was collected and treated to come up with the conclusions. The researchers concluded that crises administration reality shows great weakness that leadsto increasing the effects of these crises that negatively affected the federation

The importance of the research lies in special exercises using different resistance on youth soccer players U19 for developing some physical abilities as well as identifying which resistant is better sand or weights on the level of abilities development. The researcher used the experimental method on (20) players who were divided into two equal experimental groups; the first group (10) players trained on sand ground while the other (10) players trained on grass field using sand weights. Special training were designed for each group with special intensity, frequency and volume. The research lasted for (10) weeks with 3 training sessions per week and each session lasted for (40 –45) minutes. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation SPSS to conclude that special exercises using sand and weight developed all types of special strength (explosive strength, strength -speed, strength endurance) in both groups. Finally the researcher recommended the necessity of coaches paying attention to using different resistance (sand/ weights) to improve physical abilities of players.