Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

Mesopotamia has been known since the third millennium BC. Legislation of laws and the dissemination of justice in society in all its sects, and those laws were written in the Sumerian and Babylonian languages, and we have come to us in the form of clay tablets as in the laws of Ur-Nammu Sumerian, and the laws of Ishtar and the laws of Eshnuna, or in the form of a stone obelisk as in the Code of Hammurabi, and the legal materials find their echo In the clay tablets that include purchase and sale transactions, adoption, marriage contracts, trade organization .. .etc. These laws continued to be dealt with for a long period even after the fall of Babylon (539 BC). In the era of the Achaemenid state, justice continued to exist and to be followed up by the higher authorities, including them. The ruler of Babylon and across the river (meaning the Euphrates River) is called Gūbaru. We have received a clay figure that includes legal issues that call for an interview with the ruler of Babylon or his intervention on behalf of the Achaemenid king. These tablets give a picture of the extent of the Babylonians’ commitment to justice and its application and help the oppressed in the face of exploitation or non-fulfillment. The presence of the defendants before the judges was obligatory, or the animals and their owners were brought in to resolve the dispute between the parties, and the study proved that there is no discrimination between people even if they are of other races, as justice applies to everyone.