Journal of Physical Education

The study aimed to measure the electrical activity (mean and peak) of the pectoralmajormuscle of the right and left sidein bench press exercise using the free weights and Smith machine to identify the differences in the electrical activity in the intensity (50%, 75%, and 100%) of (1RM). The researcher used the experimental method. The subject was four students who are practicing weightlifting sport in the Collegeof Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad. Theirbody masswere(69.38 ± 5.56) kg, height(171.52 ± 1.15) cm, and age (20.25 ± 2.25) years. Bench press test was performed on the flat level, and then the same previous test carried outagain, but using Smithmachinewith the intensity of (50%, 75%, and 100%) of (1RM)for both tests. The researchersused the SPSS to obtain theresults by usingt-test for independent samples. Theresults did not show significant differences between the right and left pectoral major muscle in sEMG signal(mean and peak) when using free weights and smith machine.The increasing in the electrical activity (mean and peak) associated with increasing in intensity for both pectoral major muscle. therustles showed significant differences in the right pectoral major musclefor using free weight, and a significant differences in the left pectoral major musclefor using smith machine. The researchersrecommended the use of smith machineor free weights to develop the pectoral major muscle

The research problem lies in answering the question: (What are the methods that must be followed in managing the material and human capabilities to make the championships successful at the local level to be a launch for the Arab level And the Asian? The research aimed at analyzing the reality of human and financial reality in administrating athletic competitions of central Iraqi federations as well as sub federations, referees and national league teams. The researchers used the deceptive method on the research community consisted of (410) members of the administrative body of the Central Basketball Federation and its sub-federations, referees and Premier League players. After applying the questionnaire to the research sample, the results showed an average level in the digital value For the material and human capabilities and the need to strengthen and develop the administrative level to perform the material and human capabilities, the researchers recommended the need to take into account the issue of strategic planning and rapid procedures in order to raise the level of performance for the material and human capabilities responsible for managing sports championships in the Central Iraqi Basketball Federation

The research aimed at identifying bullying in primary school pupils and comparing it with other students according to gender. The researchers used the descriptive method on (199) students from Al Munsoor primary school all aged (11) for the year 2019 – 2020. Male pupils were (100) and female pupils were (99). School bullying scale, that consisted of (45) item, was selected and after being reviewed by a group of experts in educational psychology, many items were deleted leaving only (29) items. The scale was applied on the school pupils to conclude that bullying in male is higher than female pupils.

The research aimed at designing a scale for administrative empowerment in Iraqi international soccer fields as well as identifying the level of empowerment in those stadiums. The researchers used the descriptive method on (8) stadiums and the subjects were (150) individual. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that there is a high level of administrative empowerment. The researchers recommended developing administrative empowerment and designing suitable plans for improving abilities that lead to activating administrative empowerment in international soccer stadiums in Iraq.

The research aimed at designing complex trainings in soccer as well as identifying the effect of these trainings on some anaerobic abilities in soccer players. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests for both experimental and controlling groups in some anaerobic abilities’ indicators in soccer players aged (18) years old in favor of the posttests. In addition to that, they hypothesized statistical differences in groups in anaerobic abilities indicators in soccer players aged (18) years old in favor of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method and the training was applied on (20) soccerplayers from Al Aeen Athletic club season (2018 –2019) aged (18) years old. The training was applied for (8) weeks including 24 training sessions with 3 sessions per week to concluded improvement in anaerobic abilities understudy.

The research aim at identifying the effect of game style training on developing speed and accuracy of double and triple points jump from different positions. The researchers designed two new tests for measuring speed and accuracy of (2 –3) points jumping from different positions. They used the experimental method in (60) basketball players of the season 2019 -2020 selecting (12) players from each of the following clubs (Al Adamia, Al Kehrbaa, Al Ketoot, Al Shorta, Al Nefot). The training program was followed then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude positive effect of game style training on developing speed and accuracy of jumping (2 –3) points in favor of experimental method. The researchers recommended using this research results for game style training for developing speed and accuracy of (2 –3) points jumping

The problem of the research lies in weakness in physical abilities especially explosive ability and working muscle flexibility during rotation phase as well as the lack of modern styles and apparatuses used for training. The importance of the research lies in developing explosive power and working muscle flexibility during rotation using a proposed training apparatuses. The research aimed at designing a proposed apparatus and designing exercises for developing explosive power and flexibility. The researchers used the experimental method on (5) female hammer throwers. The researchers concluded that these exercises positively affected explosive power of arms and legs and flexibility of trunk, shoulder, back in subjects understudy.

The research aimed at shedding the light on skill performance of torso rotation during boxing a problem that faces most coaches during training. The researchers founded that explosive power have a great effect on boxer’s performance thus they designed exercises using rubber ropes to develop skill performance of boxing while torso rotation and explosive power in youth boxers. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) boxers from the national center for gifted in boxing who were divide into two equal groups; experimental and controlling groups. The results showed that rubber ropes have great positive effects on boxers from both the skill aspect and physical aspect

The research aimed at identifying the effect of using iron on the level of blood hemoglobin and physical abilities of soccer players/ Al Kurk Education. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in some bio –chemical and physical indicators of soccer players in favor of the posttests. The research was applied on (16) players from Al Kurk Education league. The researchers used special exercises along with iron dosages for (8) weeks with (24) training sessionsincluding (3) training sessions per week. The results showed improvement in blood hemoglobin and physical abilities of soccer players.

Refereeing is considered an integral pillar of basketball that plays a role in decreasing refereeing errors thus the importance of the research lies in designing special exercises for developing motor response time and some refereeing skills of new basketball referees and qualifying them for administrating matches. The researchers used the experimental method on (8) students from physical education and sport sciences college participating in the refereeing course held by the National basketball federation. The results showed that the proposed exercises have a positive effect on developing motor response time as well as training in game like situation have a great effect on developing refereeing skills in the subjects understudy.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of using constructive learning model on academic achievement and learning soccer dribbling Skill in 2nd grade secondary school students. The researcher used the experimental method on (30) secondary school students; 10 selected for pilot study, 20 were divided into two groups. The experimental group followed constructive learning model while the controlling group followed the traditional method. The experimental program lasted for eight weeks with two teaching sessions per week for each group. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude the positive effect of using constructive learning model on developing academic achievement and learning soccer dribbling Skill in 2nd grade secondary school students. Finally the researchers recommended benefiting from constructive learning model in improving and learning dribbling Skill.

The importance of the research lies in designing aids and rehabilitation exercises for developing shoulder joint strength that affects shoulder motor strength in youth martial art fighters. The problem of the research was fighters havinginjuries in rotator cuff muscles due to the requirement of this sports as well as the lack of using aids during rehabilitation. The researchers used the experimental method on (7) fighters using range of motion of (7) shoulder joint movements. The programwas applied for (8) weeks with (3) rehabilitation sessions per week. The results showed that using special exercises using aids develop the muscular strength of rotator cuff in martial arts fighters

The research aimed at design exercises for offense tactical skills to identify the development in ball possession and total points scored during these exercises. In addition to that, the research aimed at identifying the level of development of these exercises. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) youth basketball players aged 18 years old divided into two groups experimental and controlling groups. Many matches were conducted; five formal pre matches and five formal post matches. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that there is a positive development in ball possession and total points scored during matches.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of special exercises on the development of some physical abilities and individual defense skills performance. The researchers used the experimental method on (8) handball players from 1st Kurk Education league. Four players were selected for pilot study and the others for the training program. The training program lasted for (6) week making a total (18) sessions. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that the exercises have a positive effect on developing some physical abilities (arms and legs explosive power and arms and legs speed –strength) and the training program hasa positive effect on developing defense skills

The importance of the research lies in designing a psychological attitude scale for participating in scouting activities of advance scouting teams in Baghdad governorate bureaus. Tests and scales play an integral role in diagnosing, classifying, and following scouting teams. The research aimed at identifying advance scouting plans for general service project and executing these aims. The researchers used the scanning method on (176) school scouts from Baghdad bureau. A questionnaire was designed and presented to experts them distributed on the subjects of the study to conclude five axes for measuring social attitude scale.

The research aimed at designing special exercises for motor response and anticipation according to auditory – sensory – sensory systems as well as identifying the best system that suits these exercises. The researchers used the experimental method on (25) players aged 14 – 16 years old from the national center for gifted in in volleyball divided according the three systems. The results showed a great development in the speed of motor anticipation and motor response regardless of the systems. The results also showed the great role on the accuracy of skill performance and decreasing response time and anticipation that led to a positive development in players’ level of skill performance.

he importance of the research lies in studying some biomechanical indicators using smart analyses technology of Olympic lifts of Iraqi elite weightlifters. The researchers used the experimental method on (8) Iraqi elite weightlifters of the seasons (2019 –2020). Beast sensor weightlifting test was applied as well as snatch and clean and jerk achievement tests followed by the main experiments and the posttests.